针刺“足阳明红”胸腹段对家兔胃液酸度影响的动态观察

采用离子电极法持续监测家兔胃液ｐＨ值，用阿托品灌胃造成胃酸分泌抑制模型。观察循经动态刺激体表足阳明经胸腹段对胃液ｐＨ影响。结果表明对照组阿托品满足胃后３０ｍｉｎ胃液ｐＨ均较灌胃前升高，中阳明经刺激组则无明显升高，胃液ｐＨ变化率组间比较差异盯有非显著意义。     

逐点动态刺激足阳明经对大鼠胃粘膜损伤保护作用的实验观察

以无水乙醇灌胃造成大鼠胃粘膜损伤模型，以经络疏通仪沿大鼠体表“足阳明经”胸、腹段作逐点动态刺激，与非针刺组比较，大鼠胃粘膜损伤指数低，胃排空率升高，说明针刺“足阳明经”对大鼠胃粘膜有一定保护作用。毁损大鼠脊髓后再刺激大鼠足阳明经，与毁损前比较仍能使大鼠胃粘膜损伤指数降低，但降低幅度及胃排空率升高幅度均较毁损前低。说明毁损大鼠脊髓并不完全取消针刺胃经对大鼠胃粘膜保护作用，刺激足阳明经与胃的相关联系不能完全用神经节段学说解释。     

针刺足阳明经穴对家兔胃液离子浓度的影响

为探讨针刺足阳明经穴对胃液离子浓度的影响,选用新西兰大白兔,用Ｇ６８０５电针仪为刺激仪器,以胃液中Ｋ＾＋、Ｎａ＾＋、Ｃｌ＾－、Ｃａ＾２＋浓度为指标,对足阳明经穴位梁门、天枢、足三里、解溪及其左右旁开１ｃｍ对照点,同水平段中阔阴经对照穴阴都、肓俞、阴谷、太溪等４组针刺前后的胃液离子浓度变化作了动态观察。结果：①针刺足阳明经穴对胃液中Ｃｌ＾－、Ｃａ＾２＋浓度影响最为明显,且针刺前后比较有显著或非常显著     

散胃寒药(丁香、高良姜、草豆蔻)对胃液分泌的影响

本工作用具有三通巴甫洛夫小胃狗进行慢性实验,以收集小胃胃液,观察向主胃灌注少量的丁香、高良姜、草豆蔻等浸出液对胃酸分泌和胃蛋白酶活力的影响。结果总结如下: (一) 灌注生理盐水对总酸排出量和胃蛋白酶的活力均无明显的影响。灌注乙酰胆硷后,总酸排出量明显升高,在灌注后3小时内总酸排出总量为对照实验(灌注生理盐水)的9倍;而灌注乙酰胆硷对胃蛋白酶的活力则无明显影响。 (二) 灌注丁香浸出液后,胃酸排出量和胃蛋白酶活力均有显著的增加。在灌注后3小时期间,总酸排出量平均为对照实验的6倍,在同一期间,每半小时胃蛋白酶的平均活力比灌注前升高28％。高良姜浸出液也有刺激胃酸排出量增加的作用,但对胃蛋白酶的活力则无明显影响。草豆蔻浸出液对总酸排出量和胃蛋白酶的活力均无明显的影响。 (三) 静脉注射阿托品0.1毫克使丁香浸出液刺激胃酸分泌的作用受到明显的抑制。总结以上结果可以认为,在三种散胃寒中药中,丁香浸出液具有明显的刺激胃液分泌的作用,而在丁香刺激胃酸分泌的作用中似有胆硷能神经参与。高良姜刺激胃酸排出量增加效应不及丁香。丁香、高良姜和草豆蔻的散胃寒作用似与它们对胃分泌功能的影响无直接的联系。     

左金胶囊抗感染、抗胃溃疡的实验研究

目的观察左金胶囊的抗感染、抗胃溃疡作用。方法抗感染实验采用小鼠耳廓二甲苯致炎法和大鼠蛋清足跖肿胀法,抗胃溃疡实验采用大鼠应激性溃疡法、大鼠乙酸烧灼溃疡法、乙醇致胃黏膜损伤法及胃液分析。结果左金胶囊100、200 mg/kg组能明显抑制小鼠耳肿胀(P0.05或P0.01),对新鲜蛋清所致大鼠足肿胀有明显的对抗作用。左金胶囊30、60、120 mg/kg给大鼠连续灌胃给药,对大鼠应激性溃疡、乙酸烧灼型溃疡有显著的保护作用,对乙醇致胃黏膜损伤有明显的对抗作用。左金胶囊120 mg/kg能抑制胃液分泌,降低胃酸和胃蛋白酶排出量。结论左金胶囊能抑制胃液分泌、降低胃酸和胃蛋白酶排出量,具有抗感染和抗胃溃疡的作用。     

舒肝丸对胃肠功能的影响及镇痛作用

目的：研究舒肝丸对小鼠胃肠运动、大鼠胃液分泌的影响及其镇痛作用。方法：采用小鼠胃排空及小肠推进方法观察舒肝丸对胃肠运动的影响；幽门结扎收集胃液观察对胃液分泌的影响；对热板法和扭体法观察其镇痛作用。结果：舒肝丸能抑制正常小鼠胃排空及新斯的明所致的胃排空和肠推进亢进，对阿托品所致的胃排空、肠推进迟缓有协同作用，但不明显；能抑制大鼠胃酸及胃蛋白酶的分泌，促进胃粘液的分泌；可提高小鼠的热痛阈，减少小鼠的扭体次数。结论：舒肝丸具有抑制胃排空，抑制胃酸、胃蛋白酶分泌，促进胃粘液分泌及镇痛作用。     

针刺不同经穴对胃黏膜损伤家兔血浆及胃黏膜PGE2影响的比较研究

目的 探讨针刺足阳明经穴对家兔胃黏膜损伤保护作用的机理。方法 以针刺足阳明经穴组为主要观察对象，并与针刺足少阳经、足厥阴经、足太阴经以及足太阳经穴组进行比较。以Guth计分法计算胃黏膜损伤指数、RIA法检测前列腺素E2(PGE2)含量。结果 ①针刺足阳明经穴组胃黏膜损伤指数明显低于模型组及针刺足少阳、足厥阴和足太阳经穴各组，②针刺足阳明经穴组血浆PGE2含量明显高于其他各组，③针刺足阳明经及足太阴经穴组胃黏膜PGE2含量明显高于其他各组。结论①针刺足阳明经穴可降低胃黏膜损伤指数，表现出良好的胃黏膜保护作用，其机理可能与升高血浆及胃黏膜PGE2含量有关；②足阳明经与胃具有特异相关性，但表里经作用也不可忽视。     

沙参麦冬汤对大鼠胃粘膜损伤的保护作用

以沙参麦冬汤１０ｇ／ｋｇ、２０ｇ／ｋｇ给大鼠灌胃，对乙醇及消炎痛引起的胃粘膜损伤具有明显的保护作用，并可明显抑制乙醇所引起的ＰＤ值下降；胃内给药具有显著增加胃粘膜分泌的作用；经十二指肠给药具有抑制胃液分泌、胃酸度及胃蛋白酶活性的作用。     

补中益气汤对脾虚大鼠胃泌素受体结合作用的影响及其对胃粘膜损伤的保护机制

目的 探讨补中益气汤对脾虚大鼠胃泌素受体结合作用的影响及其对胃粘膜损伤的保护机制。方法 采用大黄灌胃建立脾虚大鼠模型，并采用补中益气汤灌胃治疗。用五肽胃泌素腹腔注射刺激胃酸分泌，用酸碱滴定法测定胃液总酸度，用本室改进的Pronase-EDTA消化翻转胃袋及Percoll线性密度梯度法分离纯化胃壁细胞，放射配基受体结合分析法观察胃壁细胞胃泌素受体的结合位点数及其亲和力；用Griess试剂法或紫外分光光度法检测胃粘膜组织的一氧化氮代谢产物（NO2^-和NO3^-），过氧化亚硝酸（ONOO^-)及一氧化氮合酶（包括结构型cNOS，诱导型iNOS)的活性。结果 经胃泌素刺激后，脾虚大鼠胃液总酸度显著高于正常组；脾虚大鼠离体胃壁细胞胃泌素受体亲和力高于正常大鼠，但受体结合容量降低。经补中益气汤治疗后，脾虚大鼠胃泌素刺激后的胃液总酸度与正常组无显著性差异；离体胃壁细胞胃泌素受体亲和力降低，受体结合容量升高；补中益气汤含药血清能同^125I-胃泌素竞争与大鼠胃壁细胞胃泌素受体特异性结合；脾虚大鼠胃粘膜组织中NO3^-,iNOS和ONOO^-水平均低于正常大鼠，经补中益气汤治疗能恢复到接近正常水平。结论 胃泌素受体亲和力升高是脾虚大鼠对刺激物的胃酸反应性升高的机理之一。此外，胃泌素保护粘膜作用相关的一氧化氮（NO）含量下降，可能表明胃泌素正常的粘膜保护功能降低。补中益气汤可能通过与胃泌素受体竞争性结合，降低受体过高的亲和力，从而降低对刺激物的胃酸反应性；同时一定程度升高NO含量，恢复了胃泌素的正常保护功能。     

针刺足阳明经足背段对人体幽门括约肌压力的影响

应用内镜测压技术，检测了１２０例胃、十二指肠疾病患者针刺足阳明经足背四个穴位段前后胃幽门括约肌压力的变化，结果表明针刺足阳明经足背段后，对幽门括约肌收缩振幅有兴奋作用，而对左右对照线作用不明显，针刺陷谷穴后对收缩频率有增强作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.