腹腔镜在不孕症盆腔疾病诊断中的应用（附340例分析）

本文通过对南京市鼓楼医院腹腔镜下诊治不孕症３４０例的病例发析，阐明１．引起不孕症的主要盆腔疾病是慢性盆腔炎性疾病和子宫内膜异位症；２．腹腔镜下美蓝输卵管通液结果与术前子宫输卵管造影术和酚红输卵管通液术的结果差别极其显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），通畅组符合率分别为９０．２％和７９％，不通畅组不符合率分别为５０．５％和５９％；３．腹腔镜下９７．６％的疾病得到明确诊断，５３．２％施行了１４种不同手术，１２．９％     

在腹腔镜和宫腔镜下选择性输卵管插管治疗伴有子宫内膜异位症的不孕症

子宫内膜异位症病人约有30％～40％不育,在腹腔镜和宫腔镜下选择性输卵管插管治疗这类不育是最近发展的一项新技术。 1990年1月～1992年4月间的145例因不育行腹腔镜检查的病人,其中57例因严重的盆腔器质性     

腹腔镜在不孕症盆腔疾病诊治中的应用（附340例分析）

本文通过对南京市鼓楼医院腹腔镜下诊治不孕症３４０例的病例分析，阐明１．引起不孕症的主要盆腔疾病是慢性盆腔炎性疾病和子宫内膜异位症；２．腹腔镜下美蓝输卵管通液结果与术前子宫输卵管造影术和酚红输卵管通液术的结果差别极其显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），通畅组符合率分别为９０．２％和７９％，不通畅组不符合率分别为５０．５％和５９％；３．腹腔镜下９７．６％的疾病得到明确诊断，５３．２％施行了１４种不同手术，１２．９％经剖腹做了盆腔手术，５８．５％与宫腔镜联合应用，２６例在腹腔镜监护下做了子宫纵膈切开术和宫腔粘连分离术。     

《中国实用妇科与产科杂志》第17卷(2001年)论文主题索引

(以下按汉语拼音字母顺序排列 )Ｂ不孕症　联合应用宫腔镜腹腔镜和子宫输卵管通液及子宫输卵管　碘油造影检查诊断不孕症 110例分析 (李玉萍 ,何智坚 ,朱权　芝 ) ( 1) :47Ｂ超宫腔镜联合诊治输卵管性不孕症 15 0例分析 (李素春 ,张志　兴 ,程少霞等 ) ( 3) :16 7宫腔镜腹腔镜联合诊治不孕症 16 6例分析 (严娟英 ,华克勤 )　 ( 3) :184输卵管间质部插管加压通液术诊治不孕症 170例分析 (严秋林 ,　朱权芝 ,朱坤仪 ) ( 5 ) :314宫腔镜插管通液结合中药治疗输卵管阻塞性不孕症 35 8例分析　 (卢美松 ,高兰英 ,李风珍等 ) ( 5 ) :315Ｃ产后出血…     

联合应用宫腔镜腹腔镜和子宫输卵管通液及子宫输卵管 碘油造影检查诊断不孕症11O例分析

目的通过宫腔镜、腹腔镜检查和子宫输卵管通液及子宫输卵管碘油造影检查,了解输卵管通畅性,探 讨引起不孕症的原因。方法对110例不孕妇女进行输卵管通液检查,子宫输卵管碘油造影(HSG)、宫腔镜和腹腔 镜及镜下通液检查。结果以宫腔镜和腹腔镜镜下通液33例双侧通畅为对照标准,110例患者中,宫腔镜和腹腔 镜镜下通液准确率为30.00％,输卵管通液检查准确率为65.45％,两者间比较有极显著性差异(P＜0.01);镜下通 液与HSG准确率比较,宫腔镜和腹腔镜镜下通液21.33％(16/75),HSG3.33％(25/75),两者间比较无显著性差异 (P＞0.05)。结论宫腔、腹腔炎症与不孕症有关,宫腔粘连、子宫内膜炎等仍为不孕症的主要原因,宫腔镜和腹腔 镜通液检查在诊断治疗不孕症中有一定的价值。     

宫腔镜下输卵管插管通液术与子宫碘油造影诊断输卵管性不孕作用的研究

目的:比较宫腔镜下输卵管导管通液术与子宫输卵管碘油造影(HSG)诊断输卵管性不孕的临床价值。方法:对2008年1月至2009年12月880例不孕症患者行宫腔镜下输卵管插管通液术,术前均常规行子宫输卵管碘油造影术,比较两者诊断的符合率并分析两种检查方法在评价输卵管通畅度方面的特点和应用价值。结果:子宫输卵管碘油造影和宫腔镜插管通液均诊断输卵管不通784条,通畅799条,通而不畅65条,两者符合率93.6%(1648/1760),不符合率6.4%(112/1760)。HSG检查输卵管通畅度的假阳性率为11.8%(107/906)。结论:宫腔镜下输卵管导管通液术能更精确地判断输卵管的通畅度,患者未接触有害物质,同时可以直接观察宫腔情况并治疗。在判定输卵管梗阻部位方面HSG优于宫腔镜检查。     

腹腔镜联合宫腔镜诊治输卵管性不孕52例分析

目的探讨应用宫、腹腔镜对输卵管性不孕的诊断价值及治疗效果.方法对52例经子宫输卵管碘油造影(HSG)诊断为输卵管性不孕的患者,单用腹腔镜下子宫导管内加压注入美蓝液检查证实双侧输卵管通畅者8例,一侧通畅者4例,双侧因各不同部位梗阻而不通者40例.对双侧及一侧不通的44例患者,根据不同部位病变进行治疗,如盆腔粘连松解,伞端扩张、造口及宫腔镜下输卵管间质部插管加压通液,开腹显微外科输卵管吻合、宫角植入等.结果52例输卵管性不孕患者中,双侧榆卵管通畅40例(77%),单侧通畅10例(19%),完全不通2例(3.9%).结论应用宫、腹腔镜联合检查、治疗输卵管性不孕,可避免单独使用宫腔镜、腹腔镜或开腹整形的局限性,提高诊断的准确性及治疗效果.     

宫腔镜联合腹腔镜行宫颈输卵管插管疏通术效果分析

目的探讨宫腔镜联合腹腔镜行宫颈输卵管插管疏通术治疗输卵管近中段阻塞的效果。方法2000年1月至2004年6月在佛山市第一人民医院选择经腹腔镜下输卵管通液后证实为输卵管近中段阻塞的患者136例,应用宫腔镜联合腹腔镜行宫颈输卵管插管疏通术。结果136例患者224条输卵管近中段阻塞。输卵管外周有粘连者186条,输卵管外观正常仅管腔阻塞38条。术后输卵管通畅154条,疏通率68.75%。64条宫角粘连的输卵管插管失败52条（52/64,81.25%）,插管疏通失败率较无宫角粘连者明显增高（P〈0.01）。随访经双侧插管疏通成功者76例,宫内妊娠28例,宫内妊娠率36.84%;插管侧输卵管妊娠7例,输卵管妊娠率9.21%（7/76）,宫内妊娠率明显高于输卵管妊娠率（P〈0.05）。导管组宫内妊娠率明显高于导丝组（P〈0.01）,两者输卵管妊娠率差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。结论宫腔镜联合腹腔镜输卵管插管疏通术对输卵管近中段阻塞有较好的治疗效果,影响输卵管疏通和术后妊娠率的因素主要是输卵管阻塞程度及是否有宫角粘连。     

宫腔镜插管通液结合中药治疗输卵管阻塞性不孕症358例分析

我院采用宫腔镜直视下进行输卵管插管通液 ,配合中药治疗 ,可改善输卵管性不孕患者的预后 ,疗效满意 ,现总结报道如下。1　资料与方法1 1　病例选择　 1985年 5月至 1996年 5月在我院不孕症专科门诊就诊坚持 3个月以上治疗的女性不孕患者 380 2例 ,其中经过腹腔镜或输卵管造影检查证实为输卵管性不孕者 142 2例 ,占 37 40 %。在治疗上随机分为四组 :普通通液组 35 0例 ,宫腔镜插管通液组 348例 ,普通通液 中药治疗组 36 6例 ,宫腔镜插管通液 中药治疗组 35 8例。患者年龄 2 1～ 43岁 ,平均为 2 3 0 6岁 ,确诊后接受治疗时间最短 16个月 ,…     

COOK导丝治疗输卵管近端梗阻的疗效观察

我所将COOK导丝用于电视宫腔镜输卵管近端梗阻的治疗 ,取得满意效果 ,报道如下。1　资料与方法1 1　对象　选择 2 0 0 1年 3～ 12月来我所就诊的不孕妇女 ,经输卵管通液或子宫输卵管造影 (HSG) ,确诊为输卵管单侧或双侧近端梗阻 ,并经宫腔镜下输卵管插管加压通液未能疏通的患者作为治疗对象 ,共 2 5 8例 ,有 5 11条输卵管 (2例单角子宫 ,3例输卵管妊娠术后 ) ,其中输卵管梗阻 383条 (74 95 %) ,通而不畅 30条 (5 87%) ,通畅 98条 (19 18%)。原发不孕 140例 ,占 5 4 2 6 %,继发不孕 118例 ,占 45 74%。年龄 2 4～ 42岁 ,平均 31 19岁 ,…     

宫、腹腔镜联合诊治术在输卵管性不孕中的应用

目的 :探讨宫、腹腔镜联合手术在输卵管性不孕症诊治中的应用价值。方法 :1997年 8月至 2 0 0 0年 9月 ,输卵管性不孕症患者 114例 ,采用宫、腹腔镜联合手术 ,进行粘连分离、输卵管伞端成形术、输卵管造口术、腹腔镜监视下宫腔镜插管通液。结果 :术后≥ 6个月的 67例随访者 ,有 2 8例受孕 ,妊娠率 41. 79% ( 2 8/67)。 2 6例为宫内妊娠 ,2例为宫外妊娠。结论 :宫、腹腔镜联合诊治术是输卵管性不孕的有效诊治方法     

Combined diagnostic approach of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of female infertility: results of 612 patients

AIM: To clarify the role of a combined diagnostic approach using laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of female infertility in developing countries. METHODS: In a prospective study, 612 consecutive infertile women underwent complete fertility evaluation at a tertiary university infertility clinic: 300 complained of primary infertility, 221 of secondary infertility, and 91 were requesting reversal of a previous tubal ligation. All the patients were examined by simultaneous combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy as a part of their routine infertility evaluation. Focused hysteroscopic evaluation of the region of utero-tubal junction was attempted. RESULTS: Laparoscopy was successful in 608 and hysteroscopy in 597 patients. The most frequent pathologies detected hysteroscopically in the infertile group were adhesive in nature and believed to be post-traumatic and/or post-phlogistic. The number of intrauterine abnormalities found by hysteroscopy was significantly greater than by hysterosalpingography. The rate of diagnosis of significant lesions by laparoscopy of 64.3% rose to 76.6% when the hysteroscopic findings were included. A significant number of women with secondary infertility had abnormal hysteroscopic findings when compared to either women with primary infertility or those requesting sterilization reversal. Hysteroscopic evaluation of the region of utero-tubal junction revealed significant lesions believed to have caused infertility in comparison with those requesting sterilization reversal. CONCLUSION: The combined diagnostic approach of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy is recommended in the evaluation of female infertility in communities where the risk of pelvic infections is great.     

Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and hysterosalpingography in evaluation of female infertility

The diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic value of hysterosalpingography (HSG), laparoscopy, and hysteroscopy were evaluated in 77 women who underwent these procedures as part of their infertility evaluation. HSG revealed in 32 women (42%) evidence of tubal or peritoneal disease, and 16 other women (21%) had radiographic evidence of intrauterine abnormalities. These findings were confirmed by laparoscopy in 84% of patients and by hysteroscopy in 69%, giving false-positive rates of 16% and 31% for HSG. HSG had a false-negative rate of 13% for tubal or peritoneal disease as subsequently uncovered by laparoscopy, and 1.3% for intrauterine lesions as revealed by hysteroscopy. The data suggest that while laparoscopy is of value in detecting previously unsuspected tubal disease, hysteroscopy adds little information in the management of the infertile patient. For optimum evaluation, a combined approach using all three procedures is recommended, especially in patients with a history of uterotubal and peritoneal lesions.     

880例不孕妇女宫-腹腔镜联合手术的病因分析

目的:探讨应用宫-腹腔镜联合手术的诊断技术对女性因素不孕病因的诊断价值。方法:对880例不孕症患者经宫-腹腔镜联合手术,诊断其盆腔疾病、宫腔疾病和不孕的可能原因。结果:在880例不孕症患者中,676例患有盆腔粘连,占76.8%;双侧输卵管阻塞者503例,占57.1%;子宫因素者112例,占12.7%;宫腔病变者107例,占12.2%;卵巢因素者103例,占11.7%;生殖器畸形者69例,占7.9%。其中原发不孕者中痛经、多囊卵巢的患者多于继发不孕,而继发不孕者中有盆腔炎症和盆腹腔手术史的比例较多。结论:女性不孕的首要暴露因素(危险因素)是盆腔及生殖道感染性疾病,输卵管阻塞是导致不孕的重要因素之一。应用宫-腹腔镜联合手术对女性不孕症的病因诊断有重要价值并能对盆腔粘连、输卵管疾病在诊断的同时进行治疗。     

Should diagnostic hysteroscopy be a routine procedure during diagnostic laparoscopy in women with normal hysterosalpingography?

The advantage of hysteroscopy (HSC) over hysterosalpingography (HSG) in the accuracy of the diagnosis of uterine cavity abnormalities that may cause or contribute to infertility has been shown by numerous studies. The aim of this study was to analyse the results obtained from diagnostic HSC performed routinely during diagnostic laparoscopy in the investigation of the infertile women, to evaluate the effectiveness of the procedure in the diagnosis of uterine causes of female infertility. Ninety-three infertile patients with normal uterine cavity as demonstrated in HSG underwent diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in this infertility unit. The hysteroscopy showed a normal cavity in 80 cases (88%), giving a false-negative rate of 12% for HSG. The pathologies found included small adhesions (two cases), an arcuate fundus (two cases), an endometrial polyp (three cases), and endometrial hyperplasia was diagnosed in four cases. In the absence of a positive history or a radiographical suggestion of endometrial abnormalities, or both, HSC made little diagnostic contribution towards elucidating the cause of female infertility or to finding a pathology that could affect the chances of achieving a normal pregnancy. However, in view of the low complication rates, minimal time requirement, and a negligible effect on the post-operative course, HSC could be performed on all infertile patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy.     

宫、腹腔镜联合诊治输卵管性不孕症111例分析

目的:探讨宫、腹腔镜联合手术在输卵管性不孕症诊治中的临床价值。方法:应用宫、腹腔镜联合手术诊治111例输卵管性不孕患者,分析输卵管性不孕的主要原因和治疗效果。结果:111例中双侧输卵管阻塞35例(31.5%),单侧输卵管阻塞合并盆腔粘连18例(16.2%),双侧输卵管积水合并伞端闭锁58例(52.3%)。经治疗后50例双侧输卵管通畅(45.1%);39例一侧通畅(35.1%)。至今,共妊娠50例(45.1%)。结论:宫、腹腔镜联合手术是女性不孕症诊治的重要手段,治疗输卵管性不孕,特别是近端阻塞者再通率高、创伤小、疗效肯定,值得推广应用。     

Hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in infertility. A comparative study.

The accuracy and significance of hysterosalpingography (HSG) during an infertility evaluation were assessed by comparing the radiologic findings on HSG to the operative findings during laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. One hundred ninety-three patients underwent a complete infertility evaluation at our center. HSG was performed during the proliferative phase and was followed by laparoscopy and hysteroscopy, when indicated, during the same or next cycle. False-positive findings on HSG were noted in 5.1% of the patients. In 21%, adnexal adhesions and pelvic endometriosis were identified during surgery in spite of normal HSG. HSG is as accurate as laparoscopy in the diagnosis of tubal disease. However, laparoscopy excels HSG in the diagnosis of pelvic pathology. HSG should remain an integral part of the female infertility investigation and must be performed before laparoscopy and hysteroscopy.     

A clinical comparison of sonographic hydrotubation and hysterosalpingography.

OBJECTIVE--To assess the value of vaginal sonographic hydrotubation as a preliminary test of uterine configuration and tubal patency in infertility investigation, and to compare this new test with hysterosalpingography. DESIGN--A prospective blind comparison of the two tests in an unselected group of infertile women. SETTING--Hillbrow Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa. SUBJECTS--Sixty women undergoing routine infertility investigations agreed to participate in the study. There were no refusals. INTERVENTIONS--Within 4 weeks before or after hysterosalpingography sonographic hydrotubation was performed as follows: The uterus and tubes were identified using a 5 MHz vaginal ultrasound probe and between 10 and 20 ml of normal saline were injected into the uterine cavity through an endocervical catheter. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--The shape of the uterus and its cavity, the flow of saline through the tubes, the presence of hydrosalpinges before and after injection of saline and the presence of free fluid in the pouch of Douglas. RESULTS--The sonographic and hysterosalpingographic findings were similar in 82% of the women with respect to uterine assessment and in 72% with respect of tubal findings. In seven women (12%) found to have bipolar tubal disease on sonography and cornual block on hysterosalpingography, the sonographic diagnosis was confirmed at laparoscopy. Septate uterus in three women was diagnosed with greater certainty with sonographic hydrotubation. CONCLUSIONS--Sonographic hydrotubation is a simple office procedure which should be used in the preliminary assessment of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes. Its use will reduce the need for hysterosalpingography and in some cases laparoscopy.     

Genital tuberculosis: an important cause of Asherman’s syndrome in India

Objective To demonstrate the association between genital endometrial tuberculosis and Asherman's syndrome. Materials and methods A total of 28 women who underwent hysteroscopy with or without laparoscopy for suspected Asherman’s syndrome from symptoms (amenorrhoea or oligomenorrhoea, and or primary or secondary infertility) and who were found to have genital tuberculosis on endometrial biopsy (histopathology or culture) or positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on endometrial aspirate or positive findings of tuberculosis on laparoscopy or hysteroscopy were enrolled in this retrospective study. Results The mean age and parity were 26.5 years and 0.3, respectively. There was past history of TB in 67.8% women. All women had menstrual dysfunction, with oligomenorrhoea and hypomenorrhoea in 16 (57%) women and amenorrhoea in 12 (42.8%). All women had primary (n = 19, 67.8%) or secondary (n = 9, 32%) infertility. On hysteroscopy, there were various grades of adhesions in all women, with grade I in 17.8%, grade II in 28.5%, grade III in 28.5% and grade IV in 17.5% women. Only four women (14.3%) had open ostia, while others had bilateral (28.5%) or unilateral (21.3%) blocked ostia or inability to see ostia (28.5%). On laparoscopy performed on 18 women, there were varying grades of adhesions in 16 (88.8%) women, with beading (33.3%), tubercles (33.3%), caseation (11.1%) and tubo-ovarian masses (11.1%). The diagnosis of genital TB was made by histopathology (tuberculous granuloma) on endometrial biopsy in 28.6%, positive culture in 3.6%, positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 46.4% and observation of tubercles, beading or caseation on laparoscopy in 17.8% or shaggy cavity with caseation on hysteroscopy in 3.6% women. Conclusion Genital tuberculosis appears to be an important and common cause of Asherman's syndrome in India, causing oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhoea with infertility.