直肠癌的磁共振诊断

目的 :分析直肠癌的MRI表现 ,评价MRI诊断直肠癌的价值。方法 :经手术病理证实的直肠癌患者 38例。术前均行MRI检查 ,使用安科 0 15PMRI仪 ,体线圈。扫描序列为SET1WI、T2WI和GRET2WI。结果 :MRI检出的阳性率为 96 .4 % (37 38) ,MRI确定病变向周围脂肪侵犯和淋巴结转移的准确     

GRE序列在急性颅内出血诊断中的应用研究

目的 总结颅内出血在GRE序列上的表现，探讨颅内出血在GRE序列上表现的生物物理学基础。方法 CT证实为急性颅内出血的21例患者，其中脑实质内出血9例，蛛网膜下腔出血7例，脑挫裂伤5例，在发病6小时内行常规SE序列的TlWI、T2WI及GRE序列的T2＊WIMRI检查，对急性出血的MR征象进行总结分析，并比较常规T2WI及T2＊WI对急性出血的诊断价值。结果 9例脑实质内出血在常规MR上7例表现为等T1，2例表现为长T1，在T2WI上8例呈不均质的略高信号，1例为等信号，其中有5例在病灶核心区或边缘可见低信号。而在T2＊WI上病灶边缘均可见明显的环状低信号或整个病变均呈低信号：7例珠网膜下腔出血中有只有3例在常规MR上可见短T1信号，其余4例均正常，而在T2＊WI上7例均可见明显的低信号；5例脑挫裂伤表现为不均质的长T1长T2信号，在T2＊WI上可见多发的点状低信号。结论 GRE序列对颅内出血的敏感性高，诊断准确率明显高于常规的SE序列。临床怀疑颅内出血的患者在进行MR检查时，检查序列应常规包含GRE序列，以进一步提高MRI对其诊断的准确性。     

GRE序列在急性颅内出血诊断中的应用研究

目的总结颅内出血在GRE序列上的表现,探讨颅内出血在GRE序列上表现的生物物理学基础。方法CT证实为急性颅内出血的21例患者,其中脑实质内出血9例,蛛网膜下腔出血7例,脑挫裂伤5例。在发病6小时内行常规SE序列的T1WI、T2WI及GRE序列的T2*WI MRI检查,对急性出血的MR征像进行总结分析,并比较常规T2WI及T2*WI对急性出血的诊断价值。结果9例脑实质内出血在常规MR上7例表现为等T1,2例表现为长T1,在T2WI上8例呈不均质的略高信号,1例为等信号,其中有5例在病灶核心区或边缘可见低信号。而在T2*WI上病灶边缘均可见明显的环状低信号或整个病变均呈低信号;7例珠网膜下腔出血中只有3例在常规MR上可见短T1信号,其余4例均正常,而在T2*WI上7例均可见明显的低信号;5例脑挫裂伤表现为不均质的长T1长T2信号,在T2*WI上可见多发的点状低信号。结论GRE序列对颅内出血的敏感性高,诊断准确率明显高于常规的SE序列。临床怀疑颅内出血的患者在进行MR检查时,检查序列应常规包含GRE序列,以进一步提高MRI对其诊断的准确性。     

直肠灌水磁共振成像在直肠癌诊断及术前分期中的应用

目的:探讨直肠灌水磁共振成像(MRI)在直肠癌诊断及术前分期中的应用价值。方法:对32例临床拟诊直肠癌患者术前行直肠灌水MRI检查,每例患者均常规行横断面和矢状面T1WI、T2WI;10例患者加做直肠MRI水成像,观察肿瘤特征及周边浸润、淋巴结增大情况,并将检查结果与手术病理对照。结果:直肠灌水MRI扫描对直肠癌T分期总的诊断准确性为87.5%,≤T2、T3和T4期诊断准确性分别为78.6%、93.3%、100.0%;诊断淋巴结转移的敏感性为56.5%,特异性为98.4%;水成像能清楚显示直肠癌形态、大小、位置及肠腔狭窄程度。结论:直肠灌水MRI成像能较准确对直肠癌进行术前分期,有助于合理治疗方案的制定和预后评估,MRI水成像是常规扫描序列的补充。     

MRI在骨肉瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨MR常规序列及STIR序列在骨肉瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法:对16例经手术或穿刺病理证实的骨肉瘤患者MRI影像资料进行对比分析。结果:16例患者在MRI常规序列(SE)检查中,6例T1WI/T2WI表现为低信号;2例表现为T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号;其余均表现为T1WI不规则低信号,T2WI为不规则高信号。SE与STIR均能显示肿瘤的形态、部位,STIR序列显示为病变区及周边呈片状高信号,且范围比SE序列显示更大。结论:MRI常规序列可以显示肿瘤的形态、部位,STIR序列在显示肿瘤的侵蚀范围上,显示比较明显、准确,更具有明显优势。     

MRI动态增强成像对宫颈癌的诊断和分期价值

目的探讨MRI动态增强扫描成像（DCE）对宫颈癌的诊断和分期价值。方法搜集50例有完整临床及MRI资料的宫颈癌患者,并对所有患者常规行SE T1 WI和TSE T2 WI,快速翻转恢复序列（FLAER）及动态增强扫描,回顾性分析原发肿瘤的大小、位置、信号特点及范围,比较MRI分期、术前临床分期及手术病理分期。结果 MRI动态增强扫描成像在判断宫颈癌发生部位上的准确性为100%,判断宫旁受侵的准确性为92.8%,判断宫颈癌分期的准确性为85.6%。结论 MRI动态成像可多方位成像,能直观、准确显示宫颈癌瘤灶大小及侵犯范围,对于宫颈癌的诊断有极高的敏感度,对分期有较高的准确性;临床检查结合MRI动态增强扫描技术,有利于合理制定治疗计划,为宫颈癌治疗前常规盆腔检查最佳影像学方法。     

膝关节半月板损伤的低场MRI诊断

目的:通过膝关节半月板的MRI表现以及成像序列选择,探讨如何提高低场MRI诊断半月板损伤的准确性。方法:MRI检查半月板损伤20例,均用冠状、横断面自旋回波(spinecho,SE)序列T1WI,横断面SET2WI及矢状面SE双回波T2WI和质子密度加权像扫描,冠状面脂肪抑制序列(STIR)。根据半月板MRI信号特征将半月板损伤分为0~3级。结果:40个半月板中,34个(85%)呈3级表现,4个(10%)呈2级表现,2个(5%)呈1级表现。半月板损伤形态呈多样性,显示为高信号,均得到手术证实,准确率为100%。结论:低场MRI只要方法得当,同样能准确地诊断半月板损伤。     

超顺磁性氧化铁增强MRI检测转移性淋巴结的实验研究

目的探讨超顺磁性氧化铁粒子(SPIO)增强MRI检测转移性淋巴结的价值。方法取新西兰兔12只,6只于后腿肌肉接种VX2癌细胞,用于建立肿瘤转移性淋巴结模型;6只作为正常对照组。皮下间隙注射SPIO(每肢10 μmol Fe),在注射前和注射后12 h行MRI扫描,序列包括自旋回波(SE )T1WI、SE T2WI和梯度回波(GRE)T2WI,并与病理结果对照。结果平扫时,正常淋巴结和VX2转移淋巴结在三个序列图像上均表现出相似的信号特点。在增强SE T1WI 上,两组淋巴结的信号强度均未见变化;在增强SE T2WI上,正常淋巴结的信号强度不均匀降低,VX2转移组淋巴结的信号强度未见明显变化;在增强GRE T2WI上,正常淋巴结的信号强度明显地均匀降低,而VX2转移组有4个淋巴结信号强度未见降低,2个淋巴结不均匀降低。结论SPIO增强MR成像可用于检测转移性淋巴结。     

MRI在子宫内膜癌FIGO2009新分期中的作用

目的分析子宫内膜癌的磁共振成像(MRI)征象,探讨MRI在子宫内膜癌新分期中的作用。方法对54例术后经病理证实并具有完整临床资料的子宫内膜癌患者术前行MRI检查,描述肿瘤的MRI征象特点,以FIGO2009最新分期为标准,对MRI判断肌层侵犯、宫颈浸润及术前分期的结果进行评价。结果 54例子宫内膜癌中,Ⅰa期27例,Ⅰb期9例,Ⅱ期10例,Ⅲ期5例,Ⅳ期3例。MRI对病灶的总显示率达94%(51/54)。T1WI肿瘤显示欠清,T2WI呈中等偏高信号,增强时中等强化,低于明显强化的肌层。结合T2WI及T1WI脂肪抑制序列增强扫描,MRI评价肿瘤浸润肌层深度的准确性为91%(49/54),正确判断宫颈侵犯的敏感性为77%,特异性89%,准确性83%,MRI对子宫内膜癌分期准确率为89%(48/54),与术后FIGO新分期、病理结果对照,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 MRI对子宫内膜癌诊断、肌层/宫颈侵犯的判断及术前分期准确性高,是临床制定治疗方案和预后评估的重要影像学检查手段。     

脊椎骨髓病变的MRI序列选择及诊断 价值

目的探讨脊椎骨髓病变的MRI最佳成像序列及诊断价值。方法应用T1FLAIR序列T1WI和FRFSE序列T2WI,结合STIR和脂肪抑制技术的T1WI增强,在1.5T的MRI机上对26例对照组和24例脊椎骨髓病变(观察组)行MRI成像,观察各种序列对病变显示的情况。将能特征性显示病变的MRI序列作为评价标准。结果T1WI显示病变的敏感性和特异性分别为100%(24/24)和92%(24/26),T2WI为54%(13/24)和88%(23/26),STIR为96%(23/24)和92%(22/24),增强为68%(13/19)和94%(15/16)。以上4种序列显示病变的准确性分别是96%(48/50)、72%(36/50)、94%(45/48)和80%(28/35)。结论T1WI、T2WI、STIR和MRI增强扫描在显示脊椎骨髓病变上都有较高的敏感性,T1WI是显示脊椎骨髓病变最敏感的序列,与T2WI或STIR和增强联合运用可以更有效地评价脊椎骨髓病变。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.