Comparison of three methods for detecting epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in plasma DNA samples of Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Background  Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations can predict tumor response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Detecting EGFR mutations in plasma DNA samples in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer is challenging and promising. We compared three methods for detecting plasma EGFR mutations, including direct DNA sequencing, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and Scorpions Amplification Refractory Mutation System (Scorpions ARMS).

Methods  Plasma DNA samples from 73 patients with stage IIIB to IV adenocarcinoma were analyzed for EGFR mutations in exons 19 (deletion mutation) and 21 (L858R mutation) using direct DNA sequencing, DHPLC and Scorpions ARMS. Sensitivities of the three methods were compared and the relationship between EGFR mutations and patients’ survival was analyzed.

Results  In 73 patients, we detected EGFR mutations in 5 samples (6.9%) by direct DNA sequencing, in 22 samples (30.1%) by DHPLC, and in 28 samples (38.4%) by Scorpions ARMS. EGFR mutations were found in 13 samples in exon 19 and in 9 samples in exon 21 by DHPLC, while we found mutations in 15 samples in exon 19 and in 13 samples in exon 21 by Scorpions ARMS. Among the 73 patients, there was 90.4% concordance between DHPLC and Scorpions ARMS (66/73, κ=0.79, P=0.07). Of the 73 patients, 46 patients were treated with gefitinib, including 18 patients with mutations and 28 patients without mutations as determined by Scorpions ARMS. The 18 patients with mutations had a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) time (median PFS was 21.0 months) than the 28 patients without mutations (median PFS was 7.0 months) (P=0.022).

Conclusions  Among the three methods for detecting EGFR mutations in plasma DNA samples of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma, direct gene sequencing had the lowest sensitivity, while Scorpion ARMS showed the highest mutation detecting capability. DHPLC is slightly less sensitive than Scorpion ARMS. EGFR mutations in exons 19 (deletion mutation) and 21 (L858R mutation) predict a longer PFS.

     

非小细胞肺癌患者EGFR基因突变与血清肿瘤标志物之间关系探讨

目的：分析非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因突变与血清肿瘤标志物之间的关系,探讨可预测EGFR基因突变的肿瘤标志物。方法：回顾性分析2010年10月至2013年8月在我院经病理确诊为NSCLC的188例患者的临床资料,所有患者进行EGFR基因突变检测并在治疗前2周内完成血清肿瘤标志物的检测。对EGFR基因突变与患者的临床基本特征及血清肿瘤标志物之间的关系进行统计学分析。结果：本研究中NSCLC患者的EGFR基因突变率为44.7%。EGFR基因突变多发生于女性、非吸烟及肺腺癌患者（P＜0.05）,而与患者的年龄及肿瘤分期无明显相关性（P＞0.05）。当血清癌胚抗原（CEA）＞20μg/L时,EGFR基因突变率明显升高;血清鳞状细胞癌抗原（SCCAg）≤1.5μg/L时,EGFR基因突变率也明显升高。其中,SCCAg≤1.5μg/L且CEA＞20μg/L组与SCCAg≤1.5μg/L或CEA＞20μg/L组,SCCAg＞1.5μg/L且CEA≤20μg/L组相比,EGFR突变率最高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。未发现其他血清肿瘤标志物如细胞角蛋白（CYFRA）21-1、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、CA125和CA199在EGFR基因突变型和野生型中的差异（P＞0.05）。结论：EGFR基因突变主要发生于女性、非吸烟及肺腺癌患者。在无法进行EGFR基因突变检测的患者中,我们可以选择血清SCCAg≤1.5μg/L且CEA＞20μg/L的患者,结合临床优势人群,经验性使用表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR-TKIs）治疗。     

新疆原发性肺腺癌表皮生长因子受体基因突变与临床病理特征分析

目的：探讨新疆原发性肺腺癌中表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）基因突变情况及与临床病理特征的关系。方法：采用扩增阻滞突变系统(amplification refractory mutation system,ARMS)荧光PCR法对59 例（维吾尔族15例,汉族44例）新疆维吾尔族及汉族原发性肺腺癌手术切除标本进行EGFR基因第18-21号外显子的突变检测,同时分析其与患者临床病理特征的关系。结果：在新疆地区原发性肺腺癌手术切除标本患者中,EGFR基因突变率维吾尔族低于汉族,分别为20%（3/15）和54.5%（24/44）,差异具有统计意义（P<0.05）;其中EGFR外显子19缺失突变维吾尔族2例,汉族9例,外显子21L858R突变维吾尔族1例,汉族12例,外显子18G719X突变汉族2例,外显子21L861Q突变汉族1例。在病理组织学类型上,腺泡状为主型腺癌EGFR突变率为71%（22/31）,高于实性为主型EGFR突变率6.7%（1/15）和黏液腺癌EGFR突变率20%（1/5）。EGFR基因突变与维吾尔族或汉族肺腺癌患者的性别、年龄、部位、大体类型、淋巴结转移情况、吸烟指数及临床分期等差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：新疆原发性肺腺癌EGFR基因突变率在维吾尔族与汉族有不同,可能反映民族遗传差异性,值得进一步研究。EGFR基因突变常见于高 中分化腺癌,或以腺泡状为主型多见。     

肺腺癌EGFR基因突变与血清肿瘤标志物的关系

目的:分析肺腺癌患者EGFR基因突变与血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA125和CYFRA211水平之间的关系。方法:收集2012年7月至2013年9月在郑州大学第一附属医院行EGFR突变检测的肺腺癌患者528例,采用电化学发光免疫法检测血清中CEA、CA125、CYFRA211的水平,分析EGFR基因突变与血清肿瘤标志物水平之间的关系。结果:肺腺癌患者中CEA、CA125、CYFRA211处于不同浓度梯度时,EGFR突变率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。EGFR突变率随着CYFRA211水平的升高而降低;在CEA≤200 ng/ml的情况下,EGFR突变率随CEA水平升高而升高;当CEA>200 ng/ml或CA125>100 U/ml时,EGFR突变率降低。结论:肺腺癌患者中血清CEA、CA125、CYFRA211在一定程度上可以预测EGFR突变情况。     

肺腺癌表皮生长因子受体基因突变及临床意义

目的研究肺腺癌组织中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)第18、19、21外显子基因突变频率和类型及其与临床特征的关系。方法收集90例肺腺癌患者肿瘤组织石蜡包埋标本,提取DNA,聚合酶链反应扩增EGFR外显子18、19、21序列,进行基因测序分析,结合患者临床资料分析EGFR基因突变频率和类型以及临床特点。结果 90例肺腺癌组织中未检测到18外显子突变;检测到19外显子突变11例(12.2%),其中碱基缺失突变10例,包括2 235核苷酸到2 249核苷酸缺失3例,2 240核苷酸到2 248核苷酸缺失1例,2 240核苷酸到2 253核苷酸缺失2例,2 240核苷酸到2 257核苷酸缺失3例,1例同时检测到2 240核苷酸到2 248核苷酸和2 251核苷酸到2 262核苷酸2个片段碱基的缺失,另1例为P741L错义突变;21外显子突变18例(20.0%),表现为碱基的替换突变,其中14例为L858R,L858M、A722V、K875R、Q787Q各1例。不同性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、临床分期、分化程度及有无淋巴结转移者之间比较,EGFR基因19、21外显子突变率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肺腺癌肿瘤组织中EGFR外显子突变热点集中在19、21外显子,不同外显子的突变频率和类型不同;EGFR基因突变与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、临床分期、分化程度及淋巴结转移等临床特征无相关性。     

肺腺癌新分类与表皮生长因子受体基因突变之间的关系

目的：探讨肺腺癌新分类与表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)基因突变之间的关系。方法：共纳入中日友好医院2010年3月至2014年12月经手术肺切除术后且病理证实为浸润性肺腺癌患者94例,对其进行EGFR基因突变检测;入组患者均按照2011 年国际肺癌研究学会（Intemational Association for the Study of Lung Cancer,IASLC)、美国胸科学会（American Thoracic Society,ATS）和欧洲呼吸学会（European Respiratory Society,ERS）分类方法进行肺腺癌亚型分类,分析肺腺癌新分类与EGFR基因突变之间的关系;采用SPSS 20.0统计软件卡方检验分析,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果：入组的94例肺腺癌患者,男、女患者均为47例;年龄24～79岁,中位年龄61岁,60岁及以上48例,60岁以下46例;既往或现在吸烟者34例,不吸烟者60例。根据病理分期,Ⅰ期患者34例,Ⅱ期患者17例,Ⅲ期24例,Ⅳ期19例。EGFR基因外显子19突变例数22,外显子20突变例数2,外显子21突变例数26,外显子10和21同时突变例数1,入组患者EGFR基因总突变率为54.3%（51/94）,其中腺泡状为主型肺腺癌EGFR突变例数24例,伏壁状为主型肺腺癌14例,乳头状为主型肺腺癌与实体状为主型肺腺癌均为5例,微乳头状为主型肺腺癌3例,黏液腺癌为0;腺泡状为主型肺腺癌较非腺泡状为主型肺腺癌EGFR突变率高,但差异无统计学意义(66.7% vs. 46.6%, P=0.057);实体状为主型肺腺癌较非实体状为主型肺腺癌EGFR突变率低,差异有统计学意义（26.3% vs. 61.3%, P=0.005）;黏液腺癌较非黏液腺癌EGFR基因突变率低,差异有统计学意义(0 vs. 57.3%, P=0.018)。结论：不同的病理亚型肺腺癌EGFR突变率存在差异,其中腺泡状为主型肺腺癌较非腺泡状为主型肺腺癌的EGFR基因突变发生率高,实性为主型肺腺癌较非实性为主肺腺癌 EGFR突变发生率低,黏液腺癌较非黏液腺癌EGFR基因突变率低。     

Downregulating activated epidermal growth factor receptor has no effect on RBM5 expression

Background  We were interested in determining how the tumor suppressor gene RBM5 is regulated in lung cancers. Previous studies suggested that the gene expression is related to histological subtype and smoking exposure, since in small cell lung cancers the RBM5 gene is deleted whereas in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) RBM5 expression is reduced. Of particular interest was the recent finding that in lung adenocarcinomas, a histological subtype of NSCLC, smoking exposure correlated with mutational activity in the transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-a) signaling pathway. Lung adenocarcinomas from smokers were associated with activating KRAS mutations, whereas lung adenocarcinomas from never-smokers were associated with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. We hypothesized that inhibition of RBM5 in lung adenocarcinomas is achieved indirectly via these activating mutations. The objective of the research described herein was to determine if EGFR activation and RBM5 expression are negatively correlated.

Methods  EGFR expression in the lung adenocarcinoma cell line NCI-H1975 was inhibited using small interfering RNA. RBM5 expression was examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.

Results  Reduced EGFR expression did not correlate with any change in RBM5 expression at either the RNA or protein level.

Conclusion  These results suggest that RBM5 expression is not directly regulated by EGFR in non-smoker related lung adenocarinomas, and that some other mechanism operates to inhibit either the expression or function of this potential tumour suppressor in lung cancers that retain the RBM5 gene.

     

中国人非小细胞肺癌EGFR基因突变的研究

目的研究中国人非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变的情况.方法采用PCR扩增和基因测序,检测101例非小细胞肺癌(NSCLCs)EGFR外显子18、19和21的突变情况,并与国外报道的数据进行比较,同时分析其突变与临床特征的关系.结果共检测26例EGFR突变(25.7%),显著高于西方国家报道的数字,其中以腺癌、非吸烟者和女性突变率较高.结论中国人NSCLCs的EGFR突变率高于西方人种,更适宜靶向药物的治疗.     

厄罗替尼单药治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和安全性分析

目的 研究厄罗替尼单药治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效和安全性.方法 50例晚期NSCLC患者接受了厄罗替尼治疗,其中19例进行了表皮生长因子受体基因检测.中位生存期采用Kaplan-Meier方法计算.结果 最常见的不良反应为皮疹(96%)和腹泻(32%).中位生存期为21.8月,95%可信区间(CI)为17.1～26.4月.中位无疾病进展生存期为7.0月,95%CI为3.9～10.1月.19例接受表皮生长因子受体基因检测的患者中,突变型8例、野生型11例.突变型和野生型患者的客观有效率分别为62.5%和9.1%,差异具有显著性(X2=6.631,P=0.036);无疾病进展生存期分别为16.330(95%CI2.803～29.857)和5.570月(95%CI2.441～8.699),两者差异具有显著性(X2=8.799,P=0.003).结论 晚期NSCLC患者接受厄罗替尼治疗安全有效.     

外周血淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与EGFR突变肺癌及其转移的相关性研究

目的 探讨初诊为肺癌时的外周血淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值（lymphocyte/monocyte ratio,LMR）、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,NLR）与表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）突变阳性及其转移的相关性。方法 回顾性分析301例、348例的肺癌EGFR突变阳性、阴性患者的基本临床特征及炎性指标。观察炎性指标在不同EGFR突变状态、转移状态的差异,用受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线评价其能否作为鉴别EGFR突变及转移的临床指标。结果 在肺癌EGFR突变患者中女性、未吸烟、腺癌分别占61.8%、75.1%、92.4%。与阴性比较,EGFR突变阳性患者的LMR值明显升高,取界值为2.88时,其敏感度、特异性分别为64.7%、为56.6%。与未发生远处转移患者比较,NLR值在EGFR突变的远处转移患者中明显升高,当界值在2.14时,敏感度为74.7%,特异性为64.0%。NLR与EGFR突变阳性肺癌患者的TNM分期分别呈正相关,LMR则相反。NLR与EGFR突变阳性的肺癌患者的骨转移、脑转移、肿瘤指标如CEA、CA125之间存在显著相关性。结论 肺癌EGFR突变常见于女性未吸烟腺癌特征,LMR、NLR在鉴别EGFR突变及远处转移具有参考价值。     

非小细胞肺癌患者肿瘤组织及外周血EGFR基因突变研究

目的:调查非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者EGFR基因突变的情况,评价EGFR突变检测对NSCLC个体化治疗的指导意义。方法:收集39例经手术治疗的NSCLC患者肿瘤组织、正常肺组织及外周静脉血标本,提取基因组DNA后,采用PCR扩增和基因测序方法检测EGFR基因外显子19、20和21基因突变情况,并用SPSS11.5软件进行统计学分析。结果:EGFR在正常肺组织中都未检出基因突变;肺癌组织中EGFR基因突变率为30.8%(12/39),以杂合性突变为主(91.7%,11/12),纯合性突变少见(8.3%,仅1例),外显子19、20和21分别占突变总数的41.7%(5/12),25.0%(3/12)和33.3%(4/12);外周血中检出的EGFR的突变率为33.3%(4/12),全部为肿瘤组织中存在突变者;EGFR基因突变多见于女性、腺癌及腺鳞癌、"不吸烟"患者,与年龄、临床分期均无明显相关性(P>0.05),与吸烟高度相关(P<0.01)。结论:NSCLC患者EGFR基因突变率较高,EGFR基因突变检测对NSCLC患者个性化治疗可能有指导意义。     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像最大标准化摄取值(SUVmax)与肺腺癌及其亚型EGFR突变的相关性

目的 探讨¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像最大标准化摄取值（¹⁸F-FDG maximum standardized uptake value,SUV_max）与肺腺癌及其不同组织学亚型表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）突变之间的相关性。方法 回顾性分析305例经病理证实为肺腺癌患者的PET/CT图像与临床病理学资料,包括年龄、最大径、性别、吸烟史、是否转移、分期、组织学亚型及分化程度。通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析方法,得出纳入分析的变量中与EGFR突变相关的因素,并制作计分量表预测EGFR突变状态。结果 EGFR整体突变率为63.6%（194/305）,EGFR突变与女性（72.9% vs.54.0%,P=0.001）、不吸烟（68.2% vs.46.0%,P=0.001）、SUV_max ≤ 5.5（75.2% vs.57.1%,P=0.006）及中低危分组（67.4%,65.2% vs.44.9%,P=0.012）显著相关。计分量表得分与EGFR突变显著相关（P<0.001）,ROC定义得分>2为最佳截断值,敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为64.4%、59.6%及62.6%。结论 PET/CT对EGFR突变有一定的预测价值,接合患者的临床病理资料和SUV_max,则预测价值更高。     

Impact of smoking status and pathologic type on epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer

Background  Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in lung carcinomas can make the disease more responsive to the treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of EGFR mutations in a large series of lung carcinomas.

Methods  We examined 1195 consecutive lung cancer patients for EGFR mutations in exons 18, 19, and 21 using direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. A detailed smoking history was obtained. Patients were categorized as never smokers (<100 lifetime cigarettes), former smokers (quit >1 year ago), or current smokers (quit <1 year ago).

Results  There were EGFR mutations in 9 (4.5%) of 201 squamous carcinomas, in 1 (2%) of 50 large cell carcinomas, and in 1 (2.3%) of 44 small cell carcinomas that were investigated. Three hundred and twenty-seven mutations were found in the series of 858 adenocarcinomas (38.1%). Among 858 lung adenocarcinomas, we detected EGFR mutations in 250 (48.6%) of 514 never smokers, 39 (33.9%) of 115 former smokers, and 38 (16.6%) of 229 current smokers. Significantly fewer EGFR mutations were found in people who smoked for more than 15 pack-years (P=0.0002) or stopped smoking less than 15 years ago (P=0.033) compared with individuals who never smoked.

Conclusions  Adenocarcinoma is the most frequent EGFR mutation pathologic type in lung cancer. The likelihood of EGFR mutations in exons 18, 19 and 21 decreases as the number of pack-years increases. Mutations were less common in people who smoked for more than 15 pack-years or who stopped smoking cigarettes less than 15 years ago. These data can assist clinicians in assessing the likelihood of exons 18, 19, or 21 EGFR mutations in Chinese patients with lung cancer when mutational analysis is not feasible.

     

肺癌表皮生长因子受体基因测序分析

目的：探讨中国人肺癌患者表皮生长因子受体（Epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）基因突变状态。方法用基因测序的方法检测了416例肺癌肿瘤细胞标本EGFR基因第18、19、21外显子,并检测了其中11例EGFR第20外显子区域。23例肺癌患者血液标本作为对照。结果416例肿瘤标本中共发现118例（28.37%）EGFR基因突变,其中19外显子缺失突变占46.09%,21外显子点突变占42.19%,并发现了4例EGFR第20外显子区域突变（4/11）。23例肺癌患者血液标本均未发现突变。肺腺癌的突变率为32.52%,比鳞癌（12.96%）（P=0.004）、其他类型癌（13.89%）（P=0.021）增高,差异有统计学意义。EGFR基因突变在女性患者中（36.72%）所占比例比男性患者高（22.18%）（P=0.001）。结论女性、肺腺癌患者EGFR突变率高,提示可能在表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的治疗中获益。     

Tumor gene mutations and messenger RNA expression: correlation with clinical response to icotinib hydrochloride in non-small cell lung cancer

Background  Molecular targeted drugs is now widely used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) clinical treatment. Icotinib hydrochloride is a new type of oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). In this study, we examined the role of EGFR, K-RAS, B-RAF somatic mutations and EGFR mRNA expression in tumor specimens from advanced NSCLC patients as predicators of the efficacy of icotinib hydrochloride.

Methods  We analyzed tumor paraffin-embedded specimens, which were obtained from 14 of 40 patients with advanced NSCLC who enrolled in the stage I clinical trial of icotinib hydrochloride. Somatic mutations were evaluated by mutant-enriched liquidchip (MEL) technology, and EGFR mRNA expression was measured by branched DNA liquidchip (MBL) technology.

Results  In the 14 specimens, seven patients showed EGFR mutations, exon 19 deletion (3/7) and exon 21 point mutation (4/7); and two patients showed K-RAS mutation. No mutations in EGFR exon 20 or B-RAF were detected. In patients with EGFR mutation, one patient developed progress disease (PD), three patients had stable disease (SD), two patients had partial responses (PR) and one patient had a complete response (CR). In patients with wild-type EGFR, four patients had PD, three patients acquired SD, and none had PR/CR (P=0.0407). EGFR mutations were associated with better progress-free survival (PFS) (141 days vs. 61 days) but without a statistically significant difference (P=0.8597), and median overall survival (OS) (≥449 days vs. 140 days). EGFR mRNA expression levels were evaluated (three high, eight moderate, one low, and two that can not be measured due to insufficient tumor tissue) and no statistically significant relationships was observed with response, PFS or OS.

Conclusions  The EGFR mutation rate was consistent with that reported in the Asian population, so the MEL technology is reliable for measuring EGFR mutation with high throughput and rapidity. EGFR exon 19 deletions and exon 21 point mutation are predictive biomarkers for response to icotinib hydrochloride as second line treatment or above.

     

晚期非小细胞肺癌患者化疗前后血CEA EGFR等的检测及临床分析

目的了解晚期非小细胞肺癌患者化疗前后外周血肿瘤标记物癌胚抗原（CEA）、细胞角蛋白19片段21-1（CYFRA21-1）、神经烯醇化酶（NSE）和表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）水平的变化,探讨EGFR检测在肺癌患者诊断治疗中的临床意义。方法采用放免法及ELISA对40例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者化疗前后及19例良性肺病患者血CEA、CYFRA21-1、NSE和EGFR进行测定,并分析其差异及意义。结果肺癌组血CEA、CYFRA21-1和EGFR在化疗前后有明显变化,CEA、CYFRA21-1（P〈0.05）,EGFR（P〈0.01）,且肺癌组血CEA、CYFRA21-1和EGFR水平化疗前后均较对照组高,有统计学差异。血CEA水平与EGFR水平相关性分析具有统计学意义。结论EGFR在肺癌中表达较高,是一个有价值的肺癌标记物,有助于肺癌的诊断及化疗疗效的判断。     

EGFR基因在肺腺癌中突变的研究

目的:探讨表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因酪氨酸激酶域体细胞在肺腺癌患者中突变的相关因素。方法:分析和检测64例肺腺癌石蜡包埋标本EGFR基因突变状况,采用PCR和序列分析技术进行EGFR基因18、19和21外显子突变分析。结果:64例PAC患者中有16例(25%)酪氨酸激酶域存在体细胞突变。其中2例(3.1%)为18外显子,7例(10.93%)为19外显子,7例(10.93%)为21外显子。结论:肺腺癌(PAC)患者肿瘤组织中EGFR基因突变主要集中于19、21外显子突变,女性高于男性。     

激光显微切割技术富集肿瘤细胞在基因突变检测中的意义

目的 探讨激光显微切割技术富集肿瘤细胞对检测非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）基因突变检测的影响以及其临床病理学意义.方法 采用激光显微切割技术富集49例NSCLC患者的石蜡包埋样本的肿瘤细胞,采用PCR技术对EGFR基因第18、19、20、21号外显子片段进行扩增后直接测序,分析其结果并比较其与常规肿瘤组织筛选后进行EGFR基因突变检测结果的异同.结果 49例NSCLC样本中21例（42.9％）存在EGFR基因突变,包括第19号外显子13例,第21号外显子8例,没有发现两者同时突变的样本.分析外显子突变情况发现,利用激光显微切割技术富集的样本检测突变率42.9％（21/49）,高于利用常规筛选后的突变率34.7％（17/49）,两种方法的差异有统计学意义（P=0.045 5＜0.05）.且比较两种方法,可以发现前者检测得到的突变峰峰高明显高于后者.结论 利用激光显微切割技术富集肿瘤细胞能有效去除间质细胞对肿瘤细胞的基因组干扰,更能体现肿瘤细胞基因组状态,有效提高EGFR基因突变检测检出率,有利于患者靶向治疗的临床筛选.     

非小细胞肺癌18F-FDG摄取与EGFR突变的关系

【目的】 探讨非小细胞肺癌原发病灶18F氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)摄取与表皮生长因子受体突变的相互关系,及应用最大标准化摄取值预测EGFR突变以期指导临床酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的应用。【方法】从2006年11月到2010年9月,收集66例在抗肿瘤治疗之前行EGFR突变检测及PET/CT扫描的NSCLC患者,用SUVmax描述原发病灶的18F-FDG摄取情况,采用荧光定量PCR法检测患者EGFR的突变情况,分析FDG摄取与EGFR突变的关系。【结果】 本组病例中EGFR的19号及21号外显子的突变率为33%,突变型患者原发灶的SUVmax低于野生型患者(10 ± 5,14 ± 6,P = 0.006)。SUVmax与EGFR突变存在负相关关系(r = -0.344,P = 0.005)。在用SUVmax预测EGFR突变时,受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under receiver operating characteristic curve,AUC)是0.71,P = 0.006;当SUVmax取界值8.8时,约登指数达到最大值为0.44,SUVmax低于此界值的患者比高于此值的患者更容易发生EGFR突变(71%,20%,P = 0.000)。【结论】 原发病灶18F-FDG摄取与NSCLC患者EGFR突变存在着相关关系,低SUVmax的患者更容易发生EGFR突变,对非小细胞肺癌患者是否适用TKI治疗提供了一定的依据。     

EGFR与DEC1蛋白共表达促进肺腺癌肿瘤细胞淋巴结转移

目的探讨EGFR和DEC1在肺腺癌中的表达及与临床特征的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测75例肺腺癌癌组织及癌旁组织EGFR和DEC1的表达。结果在癌组织中,EGFR胞膜上的表达为45.3%(34/75),DEC1胞核上的表达为54.7%(41/75),两者均与癌旁组织的表达有统计学差异(P<0.001);EGFR的表达与组织分化(P=0.033)、淋巴结转移(P=0.006)和远处转移(P=0.043)相关,DEC1与年龄(P=0.026)和肿瘤大小(P=0.047)相关。表达模式为EGFR+/DEC1+的肺腺癌患者比EGFR-/DEC1-的患者发生淋巴结转移的百分率高,两者有统计学差异(P=0.024)。结论 EGFR和DEC1蛋白的共表达可促进肺腺癌患者淋巴结转移。