右位主动脉弓胎儿超声心动图诊断分析

目的总结右位主动脉弓胎儿超声心动图表现及其血管特征.方法对26例超声心动图诊断为右位主动脉弓胎儿的超声心动图表现进行总结分析并观察其临床结局.结果26例右位主动脉弓胎儿中12例为孤立右位主动脉弓,2例为双主动脉弓,2例合并永存左上腔静脉,7例合并法洛四联症,3例合并永存动脉干.26例右位主动脉弓胎儿超声心动图均在上纵隔三血管气管观作出诊断.其中21例为右位主动脉弓合并迷走左锁骨下动脉、左位动脉导管,形成围绕气管食管的“U”字形血管环;2例双主动脉弓形成围绕气管食管的“O”字形血管环;3例无上述典型超声心动图图像特征.26例中12例活产儿经产后超声心动图或X线检查证实为右位主动脉弓;2例双主动脉弓经外院胎儿磁共振检查证实为右位主动脉弓;10例合并复杂先天性心脏病的胎儿均引产(6例尸体解剖检查证实为右位主动脉弓,4例未行尸体解剖检查);2例失访.结论胎儿右位主动脉弓有特征性超声表现,上纵隔三血管气管观可作为诊断胎儿右位主动脉弓的主要切面观;右位主动脉弓可孤立存在或同时合并其他心脏畸形.     

综合影像诊断食管黏膜下海绵状血管瘤1例

病例男,45岁,因＂上腹部饱胀伴腹痛1个月＂来医院就诊。无吞咽困难,无胸痛、发烧、恶心、呕吐,无腹泻、黑便。X线食管钡餐造影：食管主动脉弓下见一6cm×3cm×2cm大小的半月形的光滑的充盈缺损。黏膜无中断、破坏,管壁柔软（图1）。CT及MRI：食管后壁明显增厚,     

复杂主动脉弓畸形的超声诊断

目的 探讨复杂主动脉弓畸形的超声表现及误、漏诊原因.方法 回顾性分析15例少见主动脉弓畸形的超声图像,包括主动脉弓离断9例、双主动脉弓1例、右位主动脉弓伴左侧动脉导管未闭3例、永存第五对主动脉弓2例.所有病例均经CT检查及术中发现证实.结果 15例患者的超声诊断中,主动脉弓离断1例漏诊(1/9),双主动脉弓1例漏诊(1/1),右位主动脉弓伴左侧动脉导管未闭1例误诊(1/3),永存第五对主动脉弓1例误诊(1/2)、1例漏诊(1/2),其余术前超声均获得正确诊断.结论 超声心动图对主动脉弓离断能做出较准确诊断,但对双主动脉弓、右位主动脉弓合并左侧动脉导管未闭及永存第五对主动脉弓等几类畸形易误诊或漏诊,增强认识并仔细扫查有望提高超声检出率.     

产前超声诊断胎儿右位主动脉弓的临床意义

胎儿主动脉弓畸形是指主动脉弓血管走行和(或)血管分支的异常,常见类型有右位主动脉弓伴迷走左锁骨下动脉或无名动脉、镜像型右位主动脉弓、双主动脉弓、围食管后主动脉弓、左位主动脉弓伴迷走右锁骨下动脉[1].右位主动脉弓是指主动脉弓部位于气管和食管的右侧,并跨越右主支气管下行,与降主动脉相连,它是一种常见的先天性主动脉弓畸形,其在成人中发病率为0.1%[2].     

胎儿完全性血管环的产前超声诊断研究

目的 探讨产前超声诊断胎儿完全性血管环的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析6例经引产后尸检证实的完全性血管环胎儿的产前超声表现,总结其声像图特点。结果 5例为右位主动脉弓伴左侧动脉导管构成的完整血管环;1例为双主动脉弓构成的完整血管环。在三血管-气管平面显示5例主动脉弓走行在气管右侧,与左侧动脉导管在气管后方交汇,构成“U”形动脉弓,包绕气管;1例主动脉弓在气管前呈“Y”形分支走行在气管两侧并在气管后方汇合,构成“O”形动脉环,包绕气管。结论 产前超声诊断胎儿双主动脉弓及右位主动脉弓伴左侧动脉导管构成的完全性血管环具有重要临床价值。三血管-气管平面是产前超声诊断胎儿血管环的重要切面。     

左位下腔静脉合并右肾静脉受压综合征及右位主动脉弓1例

<正>患者女，62岁，反复脐周疼痛（隐痛）不适伴腰酸、腰痛近半年，多于进食后出现，持续约30min后自行好转；患“脑动脉粥样硬化”，具体不详。查体未见明显异常。实验室检查：尿隐血（+）。胸腹部平扫CT示右位主动脉弓，奇静脉扩张，下腔静脉走行异常；CT血管造影（CT angiography,CTA）见主动脉弓跨越右主支气管后与右位降主动脉相连，自主动脉弓升部发出双侧颈总动脉及双侧锁骨下动脉（图1A）;     

右位主动脉弓合并食管癌两例报告

右位主动脉弓属少见的先天性大血管畸形,合并食管中上段癌更为罕见。现就我院所见二例报告如下: 例1:男性,50岁,进行性吞咽困难两个多月。起病初为吞咽不畅,胸骨后痛,后只能进食流质。食管钡餐检查见食管在主动脉弓上下水平有不规则的充盈缺     

产前超声三血管多切面和主动脉冠状及矢状切面诊断胎儿先天性血管环

目的 观察产前超声三血管多切面和主动脉冠状及矢状切面诊断胎儿先天性血管环的价值。方法 回顾性分析42胎经产前超声诊断的先天性血管环胎儿,于超声三血管多切面、主动脉冠状及矢状切面观察上腔静脉、主动脉弓、肺动脉及动脉导管与气管的位置关系等,并结合产后随访结果分析各切面用于诊断胎儿先天性血管环的价值。结果 42胎中,19胎为右位主动脉弓,其中16胎为右位主动脉弓+迷走左锁骨下动脉+左侧动脉导管,3胎为右位主动脉弓伴镜像分支+左侧动脉导管;17胎为左位主动脉弓伴迷走右锁骨下动脉;3胎为双主动脉弓,其中2胎为右弓优势型、1胎为均衡型;3胎为肺动脉吊带。15胎合并心内畸形。8名孕妇因胎儿染色体异常终止妊娠,9名孕妇于外院分娩而失访;25例新生儿超声心动图或CTA所见均与产前检查结果相符。结论 产前超声三血管多切面结合主动脉冠状及矢状切面有助于检出胎儿先天性血管环。     

左侧进胸食管癌根治术两种弓上吻合术式的临床观察

目的：探讨左侧进胸经食管床主动脉弓上食管胃吻合术的方法及并发症。方法：对改进的130例左侧进胸经食管床主动脉弓上吻合并用纵隔胸膜及大网膜包裹吻合与传统的138例胸腔内主动脉弓上吻合的疗效进行临床分析。结果：改进的吻合术式的术后并发症发生率明显低于传统的吻合术式，而吻合口漏、胃扩张无一例发生。改进的吻合术式并发症明显低于传统术式。结论：改进的吻合术式具有切除彻底、治愈率高、并发症少等优点。     

胎儿主动脉弓及其分支异常分型的再认识(连载二)

正[(连载一)见2017年第5期321~333页]四、右位主动脉弓根据心脏的胚胎发育推测右位主动脉弓(right aortic arch)主要发育异常有以下类型(表4)。由于右位主动脉弓多伴有血管或心脏的发育异常,其中这些类型中的主动脉弓异常几乎均可见相关文献报道。右位主动脉弓异常中最常见的类型是左锁骨下动脉迷走,左位动脉导管。(一)右位主动脉弓镜面分支1.镜面右位主动脉弓、左位动脉导管(ⅢA1型):(1)镜面右位主动脉弓、左位动脉导管、     

An intramural left ventricular fistula caused by left ventriculography

Congenital coronary sinus(CS)fistula is a rare form of cardiac abnormality.The fistula forms an abnormal communication between the cardiac chambers and the coronary arteries.The most common form of fistula arises from the right coronary arteries while the left ventricular and CS fistula is rare.Coronary slow-flow phenomenon(CSFP)is defined as a delayed opacification of distal vessels without any epicardial disease.[1]     

Normal left renal vein mimicking left renal artery aneurysm

On transverse ultrasound scans a small number of patients with a paucity of retroperitoneal fat show an initial false impression of a left renal artery aneurysm due to the confluence of two normal findings. The left renal vein is unusually prominent from the hilum of the left kidney to the area between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta; and part of the normal aortic wall, adjacent to the left renal vein, is incompletely imaged. Explanations for the prominence in the left renal vein and the partial visualization of the aortic wall are discussed, and various maneuvers that allow for accurate identification of both are described. The use of this analysis should prevent the incorrect diagnosis of a left renal artery aneurysm, which might lead to more invasive diagnostic procedures.     

老年高血压状态下左心室构型与左心房和左心室容积

背景:研究表明,左心房容积可反映左心室充盈压、心房结构重塑及神经激素的活动,左心房容积扩大是预测慢性心力衰竭不良预后的一个强有力的标志。目的:观察老年原发性高血压患者在不同左心室构型情况下左心房容积和左心室容积的变化。方法:采用超声心动图对129例老年原发性高血压患者(高血压组)和125名体检血压正常的老年人(对照组)的左心房容积和左心室容积相关指标进行测量,并依据Ganau标准对左心室几何构型进行分型;同时对老年高血压患者进行动态血压监测,依据血压节律进行分组比较。结果与结论:与对照组比较,高血压组左心房容积、左心房容积指数、左心室收缩末期容积、左心室舒张末期容积均明显增大(P<0.05);同时,在高血压组内,病程和动态血压昼夜节律对左心室几何构型的分布有影响,且左心室构型异常者上述指标较左心室构型正常者增大更明显(P<0.05)。提示,老年原发性高血压患者病程和非杓型血压节律对左心室构型存在重要影响,左心房容积和左心室容积的变化与左心室构型的改变相伴随。     

老年高血压状态下左心室构型与左心房和左心室容积

背景：研究表明,左心房容积可反映左心室充盈压、心房结构重塑及神经激素的活动,左心房容积扩大是预测慢性心力衰竭不良预后的一个强有力的标志。目的：观察老年原发性高血压患者在不同左心室构型情况下左心房容积和左心室容积的变化。方法：采用超声心动图对129例老年原发性高血压患者（高血压组）和125名体检血压正常的老年人（对照组）的左心房容积和左心室容积相关指标进行测量,并依据Ganau标准对左心室几何构型进行分型;同时对老年高血压患者进行动态血压监测,依据血压节律进行分组比较。结果与结论：与对照组比较,高血压组左心房容积、左心房容积指数、左心室收缩末期容积、左心室舒张末期容积均明显增大（P〈0.05）;同时,在高血压组内,病程和动态血压昼夜节律对左心室几何构型的分布有影响,且左心室构型异常者上述指标较左心室构型正常者增大更明显（P〈0.05）。提示,老年原发性高血压患者病程和非杓型血压节律对左心室构型存在重要影响,左心房容积和左心室容积的变化与左心室构型的改变相伴随。     

Echocardiographic evaluation of left superior vena cava to the left atrium

We report two cases of left superior vena cava draining directly to the left atrium in the absence of complex congenital heart disease. This is a rare finding causing a decrease in patient oxygen saturations. The location and diagnosis of this systemic venous anomaly requires diligence on the part of the cardiac sonographer, who should be able to identify the structure during the course of a thorough echocardiographic examination. Both adult and pediatric cardiac sonographers should be alerted to the possible presence of this vessel. Once the vessel has been successfully identified, repair and follow-up are relatively simple with positive patient prognosis.     

Tako-tsubo-like left ventricular dysfunction: transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome

Aims/objectives: This review examines the ‘tako‐tsubo‐like’ syndrome or transient left ventricular apical ballooning. The aim of this review is a complete evaluation of epidemiology, clinical and instrumental features, pathophysiological mechanisms, therapy and prognosis of this syndrome. Methods: We have evaluated the data from literature for a comprehensive consideration of multiple aspects of this syndrome. Results/findings: Transient left ventricular apical ballooning typically affects women, and the clinical presentation is comparable to acute coronary syndrome with chest pain or sudden dyspnoea, changes in ECG and elevated cardiac enzymes in the absence of significant coronary stenosis, with complete resolution of wall‐motion abnormalities in a period of days or weeks. This syndrome is triggered by marked psychological or physiological stress. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed, such as cathecolamine‐mediated cardiotoxicity, abnormalities in coronary microvascular function and multivessel coronary vasospasm. The highest incidence of transient left ventricular apical ballooning is in the Japanese population, but it has been recently identified also in the USA and Europe. Treatment is empirical and supportive. The prognosis is generally favourable, although some deaths have been reported, usually the result of irreversible cardiogenic shock, refractory ventricular arrhythmias, or other catastrophic cardiovascular event. Conclusions/interpretations: We conclude by emphasising the importance of a more deeper knowledge of this syndrome for general physicians and cardiologists and it should be often considered as a possible diagnosis occurring in emergency department and in patients admitted in the Chest Pain Units with a diagnosis of coronary acute syndrome.     

高血压病左房、室构型与心律失常

目的 探讨高血压病患者左房、室构型情况及其与心律失常的关系。方法 95例高血压病患者（EH组）依年龄分为＜60岁和≥60岁两亚组。全组经彩色超声心动图检测左房内径（LAD）,左室重量指数（LVMI）;经动态心电图（Holter）判定心律失常,并将相关指标进行对比分析。结果 EH组中检出左房扩大（LAE）63例（66.3％）,左室肥顾（LVH）45例（47.4%),两者比较有差异（P＜0.05）;其中单纯左房扩大37例,单纯左室肥厚19例,左房扩大并左室肥厚（LEH）26例,与对照组比较P＜0.01。EH组中≥60岁单纯左房扩大、左室肥厚及左房扩大并左室肥厚发生率与＜60岁亚组比较P＜0.05。EH组检出室性心率失常（VA）54例（56.8%）,房性心律失常（AA）71例（74.7％）,两才有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。EH组年龄≥60岁各种房、室性心律失常发生率与＜60岁比较P＜0。05。结论 高血压病除存在LVH外,还存在左房扩大并左室肥厚,其发生率高于左室肥厚。高血压病左房、室构型与心律失常有关,房性心律失常高于室性心律失常;老年高血压病者比中年人更易发生左房、室内型改变及各种心律失常。