小切口微创治疗单纯后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的探讨小切口微创治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法对32例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折,采用膝关节后内侧小切口入路治疗。结果术后骨折均一期愈合,1例有Ⅰ度后抽屉试验阳性,2例有10°～15°的屈膝受限,Lysholm膝关节功能评分(91.6±3.6)分。结论采用膝关节后内侧小切口入路治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折,避开了膝关节后方神经、血管,有安全,创伤小,术后功能恢复快等优点。     

后交叉韧带胫骨止点骨折的手术治疗

2002年10月～2005年6月,我院共收治单纯后交叉韧带(PCL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折12例,均在早期采用后侧入路行PDLLA可吸收螺钉内固定术,疗效满意。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组12例,男8例,女4例,年龄21～47岁。均为闭合性损伤。合并其它肢体骨折4例,另作相应处理。手术指征:抽屉试验( ),膝关节侧位X线片可见PCL胫骨止点骨折并向后移位,或膝关节MRI显示PCL胫骨止点骨折移位超过5mm。1.2手术方法连续硬膜外麻醉。于膝关节后方作“S”形切口,长8～10cm,探查可见PCL明显松弛,其胫骨止点撕脱骨折并向后移位,确认胫骨髁间隆突骨折面,骨折复位后用…     

膝后内侧小切口内固定治疗后交叉胫骨止点撕脱骨折

<正>2008年2月~2013年5月,我院采用膝后内侧纵形小切口进入显露、内固定治疗19例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者,效果满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组19例,男14例,女5例,年龄16~52岁。按照Meyers-Mckeever分型:Ⅱ型6例,Ⅲ型13例。查体:膝关节不稳定,后抽屉试验阳性。膝关节侧位X线片、CT三维重建、MRI均证实后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折且移位5 mm。受伤至手术时间3~10d。1.2手术方法硬膜外麻醉。患者俯卧位,在气囊止血带下手术。采用膝后内侧纵行小切口,长约4 cm,从腓肠肌     

CT在诊断膝关节交叉韧带断裂中的价值

目的　探讨CT对于确定交叉韧带断裂部位的价值。方法　对有膝关节外伤史、膝关节检查有可疑交叉韧带损伤者 ,分别摄双侧膝关节屈膝 90°前、后抽屉试验位X线侧位片。于X线片上 ,从股骨髁的中心点向胫骨平台前、后缘连线做垂线将后者分为前后两段 ,任何一段比健侧同段长 5mm以上则为阳性。即前段长者为前交叉韧带完全断裂 ,后段长者为后交叉韧带完全断裂。之后作膝关节部位的薄层CT扫描 (层厚、层距均为 1 5mm) ,观察胫骨上端前、后方有无撕脱性小骨块 ,以及股骨髁间窝处股骨外髁内侧或股骨内髁外侧有无撕脱性小骨块。结果　从 1994年 1月～ 1999年 11月按上述方法共诊断交叉韧带完全断裂者 18例。其中 ,前交叉韧带于胫骨止点处撕脱者 1例 ;后交叉韧带于胫骨止点处撕脱者 2例 ;前交叉韧带于股骨外侧髁起点处撕脱者 2例 ;后交叉韧带于股骨内侧髁起点处撕脱同时伴内侧副韧带股骨附着部撕脱性骨折 1例 ;1例膝关节脱位者伴腓骨小头撕脱性骨折及腓总神经损伤。其余病例自韧带实质部断裂。所有病例均经手术修复或重建 ,除 1例术前诊断为单纯前交叉韧带实质部完全断裂 ,而术中发现前交叉韧带实质部断裂约 90 %外 ,其余病例的术前诊断与术中所见均完全吻合。结论　CT对于确定交叉韧带断裂部位具有重要价值     

膝关节后内侧小切口治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点骨折

目的探讨膝关节后内侧小切口锚钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床效果。方法对53例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折行后内侧小切口切开,骨折复位,并以锚钉内固定。术后定期随访6个月,了解骨折对位及愈合、膝关节稳定性及活动度,Lysholm膝关节功能评分标准评估患肢功能恢复情况。结果术后6—8周,骨折均骨性愈合,无明显移位。术后6个月,仅有2例患者后抽屉试验呈弱阳性。均无伸膝受限。1例有轻度屈膝受限（20&#176;）,Lyshdm膝关节功能评分为（92．3&#177;2．2）分。结论膝关节后内侧小切口锚钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折操作简便、安全、内固定效果可靠。     

经膝后正中小切口可吸收螺钉固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的:探讨经膝后正中小切口可吸收拉力螺钉固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法:对2007年1月至2011年12月应用可吸收螺钉治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的50例患者资料进行回顾性分析。其中男38例,女12例;年龄18~62岁,平均36.8岁;病程1~52周。术中采用膝关节后正中小切口,注意保护血管神经。术后通过物理检查、Lysholm及IKDC评分来评价手术疗效。结果:术中无断钉,术后无感染、窦道形成、骨折块移位等并发症发生,仅1例切口愈合延迟。随访6~42个月,平均30个月,终末随访时患者均获骨性愈合。2例因未及时复诊出现膝关节活动受限。50例术膝后抽屉试验及Lachman征为阴性或Ⅰ度阳性。术后Lysholm评分高于术前,术后优42例,良5例,中3例。术后IKDC评分高于术前,术后IKDC评分A级41例,B级9例。结论:可吸收螺钉是治疗膝关节后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折安全有效的方法,可使患者免除二次手术,而采取后正中后小切口创伤小,能够缩短手术时间和减少血管神经损伤。用可吸收拉力螺钉治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折需要严格掌握手术适应证。     

髌骨鹰嘴化固定在治疗膝后交叉韧带损伤中的初步应用

目的 探讨髌骨鹰嘴化固定在治疗胫骨止点撕脱骨折型后交叉韧带损伤中的临床作用.方法 对3例膝后交叉韧带损伤患者,行髌骨鹰嘴化固定,斯氏针固定6周,维持膝关节活动度.结果 术后3个月骨折愈合良好,膝关节后抽屉试验阴性,膝关节活动范围与术前无差别.结论 髌骨鹰嘴化固定治疗胫骨止点撕脱骨折型后交叉韧带损伤,操作简单、创伤微小、...     

膝关节后正中小切口空心钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的观察膝关节后正中小切口切开复位空心钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-08—2017-12诊治的32例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折,取膝后正中入路,以腘横纹为标志,向远侧作一长3 cm左右纵形小切口,用手指分离腓肠肌内侧头与腘血管神经束之间的间隙,直达胫骨后侧皮质,显露后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折块及骨床,复位骨折,根据骨折块大小选用1或2枚空心钉固定骨折块,尽量达到双皮质固定,必要时可使用垫片。结果 32例均获得随访,随访时间18~36个月,中位时间26个月。1例出现腓肠内侧皮神经刺激症状,随访期间恢复。骨折均顺利愈合,无骨折再移位及内固定物松动。末次随访时屈膝活动度120°~145°,平均127°。末次随访时Rasmussen评分:优14例,良17例,可1例。结论膝关节后正中小切口空心钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折操作简单,手术入路位于组织间隙且显露并不困难,手术时间短,术中出血量少,空心钉固定可靠。     

关节镜手术治疗前交叉韧带上下止点同时撕脱骨折1例报告北大核心CSCD

前交叉韧带止点骨折占前交叉韧带损伤的比例很小,前交叉韧带股骨止点撕脱骨折的报道[1,2]不常见,前交叉韧带上下止点同时骨折临床罕见。2018年Samuelsson等[3]报道1例11岁滑雪少年外伤后前交叉韧带上下止点撕脱骨折,胫骨经过保守治疗后1年功能完全恢复。成人前交叉韧带上下止点同时骨折国内罕见报道,2021年6月我们关节镜下治疗1例成人前交叉韧带上下止点同时撕脱骨折,报道如下。     

经膝后下方小切口治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折导致膝关节后直向不稳定,若得不到及时正确的治疗,将严重损害膝关节功能,远期出现骨关节炎.自2002年3月至2006年3月,我们采用膝后下小切口微创治疗PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折47例,疗效满意.     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.