交感性眼炎临床相关因素的分析

目的探讨发生交感性眼炎的相关因素。方法对75例交感性眼炎临床资料进行回顾性分析，包括性别、年龄、眼别、致伤原因、受伤部位、潜伏期及临床体征等。结果交感性眼炎多发生于青壮年，致伤原因多为眼球穿孔伤，占88．00％；受伤部位为角膜缘者最多，占59．32％；潜伏期9天～36年，以2～8周者最多，占47．89％；年龄越小发生后段改变的可能性越高，潜伏期在8周～1年的病例越趋向于发生后段改变。结论交感性眼炎的发生与年龄及受伤部位有关，后段改变较多发生于年龄小及潜伏期长者。     

交感性眼炎30例临床分析

目的探讨交感性眼炎的治疗及预防方法。方法回顾分析30例交感性眼炎的年龄、性别、致伤原因、受伤部位、潜伏期、发生率、临床表现、治疗及预后,讨论交感性眼炎发病机制、环磷酰胺疗效、摘除伤眼问题及预防方法。结果伤口24小时以内修复的眼球穿孔伤和同期内眼手术发生交感性眼炎22例,复发4例,复发率18.18%;伤口24小时以后修复及未修复的眼球穿孔伤发生交感性眼炎8例,复发4例,复发率50%。二者之间无显著差异(χ2=3.04 P>0.05)。交感性眼炎发生后再摘除伤眼者既不能缩短病程,也不能防止复发。应用皮质类固醇、环磷酰胺等药物治疗,炎症控制,视力均提高。结论及时准确处理伤眼及内眼手术可减少交感性眼炎的发生和复发,交感性眼炎发生后摘除伤眼要慎重选择适应证,联合应用环磷酰胺、皮质类固醇药物治疗效果较好。     

交感性眼炎52例临床分析

目的探讨交感性眼炎的发病机制、诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析52例交感性眼炎的临床资料。结果交感性眼炎致伤物多种多样,眼球穿孔分别位于睫状区巩膜、角巩膜及角膜缘。病变部位以眼后段炎症为主者31例,占59．62％。外伤后发病时间最短15天,最长30年。人院时视力在0．1以下者32例,没有视力在1．0以上的病例,多数病人视力较差。经用糖皮质激素及免疫抑制剂治疗后视力恢复至0．2～0．9者14例,1．0及以上26例。视力存0．1以下者由32例减少至12例。视力较好和保留有用视力在0．2以上者共40例,占76．92％。结论穿孔性眼外伤可诱发交感性眼炎,尤其是眼球睫状区穿孔更为常见;用糖皮质激素或免疫抑制剂治疗本病取得了满意效果,说明交感性眼炎系自身免疫性疾病。     

Postoperative sympathetic ophthalmia

Although uncommon, SO is a fearful postoperative complication because of its potential to blind both eyes. It can result not only from penetrating ocular surgery but also from nonpenetrating ocular procedures. Thus, it is important to consider in any patient who has undergone ocular surgery and develops bilateral uveitis, particularly because prompt, sufficient treatment is required to maximize visual outcome. It is also important to note that the disease may present with a spectrum of clinical findings, none of which is pathognomonic. Thus, suspicion is important for making the diagnosis. Treatment should address the T-cell-mediated nature of the disease. With appropriate treatment, visual acuity of no less than 20/60 is likely. However, before the start of treatment, which consists of immunosuppressants, infection must be ruled out and potential side effects of treatments must be considered. Furthermore, any patient with a history of SO needs ample immunosuppressant coverage for ocular procedures. Better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease may lead to safer treatments that result in improved visual outcome and a cure. Meanwhile, because of its relapsing nature, SO requires continual, close surveillance, even after many years of quiescence.     

Indocyanine green angiography findings in sympathetic ophthalmia.

A 78-year-old woman with a recurrent retinal detachment in the right eye presented 2 years after her last surgery with clinical and fluorescein angiographic evidence of sympathetic ophthalmia in the left eye. Fluorescein angiography showed discrete multifocal areas of central hypofluorescence with a hyperfluorescent ring. After immunosuppressive therapy, fluorescein angiography displayed multiple hypofluorescent spots without the hyperfluorescent collar. Prior to systemic and periocular corticosteroid therapy, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) revealed multifocal hypo-fluorescent spots that became more prominent as the study progressed. The early stages of the posttreatment ICGA appeared normal, but the hypofluorescent spots reappeared in the late stage of ICGA. ICGA is a useful diagnostic adjunct to fluorescein angiography and clinical examination in helping to secure the diagnosis and monitor the treatment progress of sympathetic ophthalmia.     

Cataract surgery in sympathetic ophthalmia

PURPOSE: To analyze the results of cataract surgery in patients with sympathetic ophthalmia. SETTING: Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India. METHODS: This study comprised 66 patients (132 eyes) with sympathetic ophthalmia seen at the uveitis referral clinic between January 1990 and July 2001; 42 eyes (31.8%) had cataract. Cataract surgery was performed in 17 sympathizing eyes and 1 exciting eye (17 patients). The records of these 18 eyes were retrospectively analyzed. Three eyes had extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, 6 eyes had ECCE without IOL implantation, and 9 eyes had phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. The mean follow-up was 28.7 months (range 3 to 60 months). RESULTS: The causes of sympathetic ophthalmia were penetrating trauma (n = 8 eyes), ocular surgery (n = 6), perforated corneal ulcer (n = 2), and cyclocryotherapy (n = 1). The most common cataract type, present in 7 eyes (38.8%), was mixed (posterior subcapsular and posterior polar). Visual acuity improved after surgery in 13 eyes (72.2%). The main factors impairing visual recovery were submacular scar and optic atrophy, which were sequelae of the sympathetic ophthalmia. Posterior capsule opacification was noted in 14 eyes (77.7%); it was visually significant in 6 eyes. There was no significant difference in postoperative inflammation or disease reactivation between the 3 types of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Cataract extraction in cases of sympathetic ophthalmia can be safely and successfully performed with vigilant preoperative and postoperative control of inflammation, careful surgical planning, and meticulous surgical technique. The final visual outcome, however, depends on the posterior segment complications of the disease.     

Pigmentation associated histopathological variations in sympathetic ophthalmia.

The severity of inflammation in sympathetic ophthalmia is related to the degree of pigmentation, and the granulomatous response seems to be related to pigmentation. Eosinophilia is also associated with pigmentation, but this association appears to be fortuitous and is a result of the association of eosinophilia with severity of the inflammation.     

Recent advances in sympathetic ophthalmia

Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of sympathetic ophthalmia are helping to remove the pigmented cloud which has obstructed the view of researchers on this disease for many years. Clinical features, diagnostic testing, histopathologic variations and principles of treatment are evaluated in the context of our increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. The relationship of sympathetic ophthalmia to Harada's disease and phacoantigenic uveitis are reviewed.     

Visual prognosis and sympathetic ophthalmia

Sympathetic ophthalmia is probably the ocular disorder best known to practitioners outside of ophthalmology. It is characterized by a bilateral, nonnecrotizing granulomatous panuveitis that occurs after intentional or unintentional trauma to the exciting eye. So far, the identity of the inciting antigen has not been delineated with certainty. The sequelae from sympathetic ophthalmia have declined markedly in this century as a result of earlier diagnosis, use of corticosteroids, and better management of ocular injuries, in large part due to improved surgical techniques. Cases of sympathetic ophthalmia, however, still occur with their severe sight-threatening complications, which impose on ophthalmologists the importance of prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment in order to achieve good visual outcome.