腹腔镜在小肠出血诊治中的临床应用

目的:评价腹腔镜在小肠出血诊治中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2003年9月至2007年6月行腹腔镜诊治的55例小肠出血患者的临床资料,并对手术时间、术中失血、切口长度、术后排气时间、术后住院天数、并发症、术后病理和随访结果进行统计学分析。结果:腹腔镜探查不仅明确了所有患者小肠出血的原因,而且同时实施了相应的腹腔镜手术,其中包括7例完全腹腔镜下小肠肿瘤局部切除术;10例腹腔镜下小肠憩室切除术;37例腹腔镜辅助下小肠肠段切除术;1例腹腔镜辅助下右半结肠切除术。腹腔镜平均手术时间(70.0±28.6)min,术中平均失血(13.5±10.2)ml,平均切口长度(3.4±1.3)cm,平均术后排气时间为(2.2±0.8)d,术后平均住院(7.8±2.9)d。2例(3.6%)术后分别出现吻合口糜烂出血和束带粘连性小肠梗阻。术后随访29(5~50)个月,无复发病例。结论:腹腔镜技术在小肠出血诊治中具有良好效果,腹腔镜小肠手术是一种安全、有效的微创手术方法,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜在诊治小肠肿瘤中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜诊治小肠肿瘤的临床价值。方法:回顾分析18例小肠肿瘤患者的诊治过程中B超、CT、小肠镜、腹腔镜所起的作用,并对手术方法的选择进行分析。结果:16例术前诊断为小肠肿瘤的患者均经腹腔镜证实,2例术前检查未能确诊者亦在腹腔镜下发现病灶并得到了相应治疗,无一例出现并发症,患者恢复良好。结论:腹腔镜能明确小肠肿瘤的诊断,而且腹腔镜小肠肿瘤切除术安全可靠,患者创伤小,肠功能恢复快。     

腹腔镜在小肠肿瘤诊治中的应用

小肠虽占胃肠道总长的70％～80％，但小肠肿瘤仅占胃肠道所有肿瘤的5％，恶性肿瘤的1％～2％。常规的胃镜和结肠镜检查不能探及小肠病变，推进式小肠镜、小肠造影、放射性核素扫描、血管造影以及胶囊内镜又都因其一定的局限性使小肠肿瘤始终成为临床诊断的盲点和难点。随着各种现代检查技术的进步，越来越多的小肠肿瘤患者术前即得到明确诊断并接受了手术治疗。     

腹腔镜小肠切除术的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜小肠切除术的治疗价值。方法总结分析1993年3月至2000年12月施行的腹腔镜小肠切除术31例患者的临床资料。结果术式包括:腹腔镜辅助下小肠切除术25例;全腹腔镜下小肠切除术6例。25例腹腔镜辅助下小肠切除术平均手术时间(101.9±32.8)min;术中平均出血(65.3±28.5)ml;平均住院(5.5±1.6)d。6例全腹腔镜下小肠切除术平均手术时间(97.2±28.1)min;术中平均出血(59.6±22.1)ml;平均住院(5.1±1.3)d。两组各指标比较,差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。所有患者均在术后48d内恢复胃肠功能,并开始下床活动。仅3例术后使用止痛剂。全组手术无病灶遗漏,也无并发症、中转开腹和手术死亡发生。结论腹腔镜小肠切除术具有良好的治疗效果,器械的更新和经验的积累将使这项技术日臻完善。     

腹腔镜在胃肠疾病中的应用

<正> 1993年11月至1997年3月我院应用腹腔镜对18例胃肠疾病患者进行了手术治疗,现报告如下。 1 资料与方法 1.1 临床资料 男14例,女4例,25～68岁。急性阑尾炎腹腔镜阑尾切除9例,胆囊结石伴慢性阑尾炎腹腔镜胆囊切除、阑尾切除6例,十二指肠溃疡穿孔腹腔镜溃疡穿孔修补1例,乙状结肠腺瘤腹腔镜辅助腺瘤切除1例,直肠癌术后腹腔     

腹腔镜辅助下小肠部分切除术应用探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下小肠部分切除术的方法和治疗价值。方法回顾性分析我院2001年1月至2006年6月施行的腹腔镜辅助下小肠部分切除术42例患者的临床资料。结果42例手术均在腹腔镜辅助下顺利完成。平均手术时间95min（65～150min），术中平均出血65ml（40～160ml），术后平均排气时间42h，平均住院7．5d（5～11d）。术后病理诊断为小肠间质瘤20例，小肠恶性淋巴瘤6例，原发性小肠腺癌5例，小肠多发转移癌1例，小肠憩室5例，小肠结核3例，小肠系膜炎性肿块2例。所有患者无病灶遗漏，无手术并发症，均痊愈出院，随访4～65个月未见复发。结论腹腔镜辅助下小肠部分切除术创伤小，操作简便，治疗效果满意。     

腹腔镜技术在胰腺疾病诊治中的应用

腹腔镜手术视野清晰,微创优势明显,已逐步取代传统开腹手术成为绝大多数腹部良性疾病的首选术式,深刻影响着当代外科医生的手术理念。但由于胰腺解剖位置深在,血管毗邻关系复杂,手术技术要求高,术后并发症多,因此,腹腔镜在胰腺疾病中的应用显得落后。近年来,一些富有创新精神的胰腺外科医生认真学习并掌握腹腔镜手术方法,积极探索,使腹腔镜技术在胰腺疾病的诊疗中取得了令人鼓舞的成绩。     

影像检查与腹腔镜手术在诊治小肠出血中的应用

小肠出血在消化道出血诊治中是难点。特别是当出血量大、来势凶猛、病情危重部位一时难以确定、手术耐受性差时。尽管现代医学技术有较快发展。但对小肠出血病变的诊治仍是一个薄弱环节。近年我们收治4例小肠大出血的病人,应用介入放射血管造影等影像检查和腹腔镜手术技术收到了一定的治疗效果,现报告如下。     

腹腔镜联合小肠镜在小肠疾病诊断及治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨腹腔镜联合术中小肠镜检查对小肠疾病的诊断及治疗价值。方法回顾性分析接受腹腔镜联合小肠镜进行诊断和治疗的69例小肠疾病患者的临床资料。结果69例患者术中腹腔镜检查发现病变48例（69％）,未发现病变的21例患者联合术中小肠镜检查后病变均获明确。所有手术均于腹腔镜下顺利完成．其中完全腹腔镜下肠切除吻合术11例,腹腔镜辅助小肠部分切除术58例。术后未出现吻合口瘘、术后出血、肠梗阻、切口感染等并发症．所有患者均于术后7-9d痊愈出院。术后病理证实：血管畸形10例,胃肠间质瘤20例,小肠腺癌5例,小肠神经纤维瘤2例,憩室5例,小肠黏膜溃疡8例,肠结核3例,小肠术后储袋出血1例,小肠息肉6例．克罗恩病5例,Meckel憩室2例,肾癌小肠转移癌1例,肺癌小肠转移癌1例。经3个月至4年的随访,未见再次出血;2例胃肠间质瘤患者因局部复发伴肝转移而死亡;1例腺癌患者因局部复发伴胰头、十二指肠、肠系膜血管浸润死亡;2例转移癌患者因腹腔复发及肝转移死亡。结论腹腔镜联合术中小肠镜对小肠疾病的检出率高、定位准确、创伤小、恢复快。     

腹腔镜手术在胰腺疾病中的临床应用探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜手术在胰腺疾病中的临床应用效果。方法对12例胰腺疾病患者施行腹腔镜手术,其中包括胰腺囊性疾病9例,分别行保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术(4例)、胰体尾加脾脏切除术(2例)及单纯胰腺囊肿切除术(3例);胰岛素瘤2例,均行胰岛素瘤切除术;胰腺癌术后复发1例,行左侧内脏神经离断术。结果所有手术均获成功,其中完全腹腔镜下手术8例,经腹腔镜辅助手术4例。平均手术时间225min(100～420min),平均出血量80ml(2～150ml);1例术后发生胰瘘,经保守治疗治愈;术后平均住院时间7.2d(5～13d)。胰腺癌术后复发患者术后存活6个月,止痛效果满意;其余患者随访10～36个月,效果良好,无复发。结论腹腔镜手术治疗部分胰腺疾病安全有效,具有创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快、并发症少等优点,具有广阔的应用前景。     

腹腔镜诊治儿童小肠重复畸形15例报道

目的探讨腹腔镜在儿童小肠重复畸形诊治中的应用价值。方法2002年6月~2007年5月,采用腹腔镜治疗小肠重复畸形15例,年龄27天~10岁。均行腹腔镜探查,发现病变从脐孔或扩大右下腹戳孔提出,在腹腔外完成切除吻合。结果所有病例成功手术,无严重并发症。其中端-端吻合12例,单纯囊肿切除2例,囊壁黏膜切除1例。同时行阑尾切除2例及腹股沟斜疝环扎术1例。术后随访3~18个月,平均12个月。无腹胀、呕吐等肠粘连表现,无再出血及切口疝。结论腹腔镜的应用为儿童小肠重复畸形的诊断和治疗提供了一条极好的途径,在掌握适应证及禁忌证的前提下,疾病的诊断率高,并发症少。     

胶囊内镜联合双气囊小肠镜对可疑小肠疾病的诊断价值

目的评估胶囊内镜(capsule endoscopy,CE)联合双气囊小肠镜(double-balloon enteroscopy,DBE)对可疑小肠疾病诊断的临床价值。方法 2006年8月～2010年8月,对70例疑诊为小肠疾病的患者行CE检查,CE结果为可疑病变或阴性的34例进行DBE检查。结果行CE和DBE检查的病变检出率分别为80.0%(56/70)和79.4%(27/34),明确诊断率分别为51.4%(36/70)和76.5%(26/34)。结论 CE能够为DBE提供大致的定位诊断,以便临床医生选择经口或经肛途径,而DBE则能证实CE的发现并对部分病变给予内镜下治疗。二者联合应用能较大程度地提高小肠疾病的病因诊断率及病变的检出率。     

Laparoscopy for Small Bowel Obstruction Caused by Single Adhesive Band

Methods:A total of 62 patients were enrolled. The OT group underwent laparoscopy (n = 16), and the CT group (n = 46) did not. We compared early and late outcomes between the 2 groups.Results:Times to first flatus, oral intake, and defecation after treatment were shorter in the OT group (P = .030, .033, and .024), and the recurrence rate was lower in the OT group than in the CT group (6.2% vs 32.6%; P = .038). Time from discharge to first recurrence was longer in the OT group than in the CT group (172 vs 104.6 ± 26.5 days, P = .027).Conclusions:SBO related to a single adhesive band is not effectively treated by CT. However, laparoscopic OT provides notable success if the surgery is performed early. Therefore, it should be the preferred treatment.     

基层医院腹腔镜技术在急腹症中的应用

2002年1月～2011年3月我科应用腹腔镜对232例急腹症进行探查、手术,227例完成腹腔镜诊断和治疗,2例因胆囊三角冰冻样改变、3例因阑尾周围脓肿中转开腹手术。232例随访3～12个月,平均3.5月,其中随访>6个月89例:1例阑尾切除术后6个月左侧戳孔发生网膜内疝再次手术11 d后痊愈;1例阑尾切除术后12个月右下腹再发疼痛2次,考虑网膜粘连,给予消炎治疗后未再发;6例十二指肠球部穿孔有轻度嗳气、返酸等消化道症状;其余病人均无并发症发生。我们认为腹腔镜诊断和治疗急腹症安全、有效,其微创优势得到充分发挥,也适于女性右下腹急症明确诊断,尤其适合外伤性和病理性急腹症的早诊断、早治疗。严格选择适应证、合理中转手术是急腹症腹腔镜一体化诊疗能否顺利完成的关键。     

腹腔镜在儿童真两性畸形诊疗中的应用:附5例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜在儿童真两性畸形诊疗中的作用。方法2004~2006年在腹腔镜下诊治5例儿童真两性畸形。社会性别:男3例,女2例。染色体组型:46XX2例,46XY2例,45XO1例。性腺畸形:双侧型2例,单侧型2例,片侧型1例。3例选定作男性抚育者,腹腔镜下切除卵巢组织、子宫附件,隐睾下降固定,同期或二期尿道成形术;2例选定作女性抚育者,腹腔镜下切除睾丸组织或卵睾,同期行阴蒂成形。结果所有患儿术后无明显并发症,随访3~24个月,平均12个月,恢复良好,外观满意,保留性腺无恶变。结论腹腔镜在儿童真两性畸形的诊疗中可替代剖腹探查。     

宫、腹腔镜联合诊治不孕症133例分析

目的探讨宫、腹腔镜联合对输卵管不孕的诊断价值及治疗效果。方法2004年9月～2007年12月对133例经子宫输卵管碘油造影、宫腔镜诊断输卵管性不孕,行宫、腹腔镜联合检查、治疗,根据术中不同情况选择不同的手术方式。结果133例不孕症中255条输卵管中,术前阻塞180条,通而不畅57条,通畅18条;术后通畅211条,通而不畅24条,阻塞20条,手术疏通率81．4％（193／237）。术后随访92例,时间4～18个月,妊娠30例,妊娠率32．6％（30／92）,2例输卵管妊娠,28例宫内妊娠,其中术后6个月内妊娠22例,术后6～12个月妊娠8例。双侧输卵管通畅妊娠24例,妊娠率26．1％（24／92）,一侧输卵管通畅妊娠6例,妊娠率6．5％（6／92）。单纯输卵管不孕妊娠率22．8％（21／92）,有合并症输卵管不孕妊娠率9．8％（9／92）。结论宫、腹腔镜联合检查、治疗输卵管性不孕,可避免单独使用宫腔镜、腹腔镜的局限性,提高诊断的准确性及治疗效果。     

Staged Second-Look Laparoscopy to Evaluate Ischemic Bowel

Background and Objectives:

An open, second-look laparotomy often is required to assess ischemic bowel after extensive mesenteric lymphadenectomy to cytoreduce midgut carcinoids. Aggressive resection of tumor at the base of the mesentery may compromise the integrity of the blood supply to the involved segment of intestine. Long segments of bowel that initially appear ischemic are sometimes created. The surgeon is faced with the decision to perform a resection or to close the abdomen temporarily knowing that this patient will require a second-look laparotomy.

Methods:

Segments of bowel showing signs of possible ischemia were preserved based on signs of perfusion. A side-side anastomosis was performed in the standard fashion. A Jackson Pratt drain was placed in an area adjacent to the anastomosis and brought out through the abdominal wall, and the incision was closed. Forty-eight hours later, a laparoscopic second-look operation was performed. A pneumoperitoneum was established using the drain tubing as the CO₂ inflation port. The drain was removed, and a 5-mm trocar was inserted into the abdomen via its tract. Segments of previously questionable dusky bowel and the anastomosis were inspected with a laparoscope.

Results:

Our 3 second-look operations were completed in approximately 5 minutes, and the patients recovered without complication or prolonged hospital course. Our fourth patient progressed extremely well postoperatively and was able to avoid the planned second-look laparos-copy.

Conclusions:

This technique provides an easy solution for the intraoperative finding of questionable blood supply in the intestines.     

Correlations of Laparoscopy with Histology and Laboratory Studies on Liver Diseases in Bariatric Patients

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is prevalent in obese patients. Liver biopsy remains the best diagnostic tool for confirmation. We evaluated the effectiveness of macroscopic parameters of laparoscopy in diagnosis of liver diseases. Moreover, correlations of laparoscopy with histology and laboratory data were also studied. Methods From December 2004 to April 2006, 126 morbidly obese patients submitted to laparoscopic bariatric surgery at the En-Chu-Kong Hospital were prospectively studied. Results There were correlations of histologic steatosis with liver surface fat spot density, liver margin shape, and liver size. Histologic inflammation was related to liver color, vascularity beneath hepatic capsule, liver margin shape, liver size, and liver surface nodularity. Histologic fibrosis had relations to liver color, liver surface nodularity, liver size, varices of ligamentum teres. Spleen size was related to liver surface nodularity and spleen congestion. Relationships of laboratory data with laparoscopic findings included: aspartate transaminase (AST) level with liver size, alanine transaminase (ALT) level with liver color and liver size, albumin level with liver margin shape and liver surface fibrosis and liver size, total protein level with liver size, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level with liver surface fibrosis, blood glucose level with liver surface nodularity and spleen size, C-peptide with liver size. Besides, there were relations of γ-GT level with liver color, liver margin shape, liver and spleen size. Conclusion Besides histology and laboratory studies, laparoscopic inspection of the abdominal cavity provides important and additional information, which contributed to the final diagnosis of chronic liver diseases and detection of possible pathology in patients.