Methanolic extract of Pterocarpus santalinus induces apoptosis in HeLa cells

Ptercarpus santalinus (Fabaceae) has been used as a folk remedy in Korea, and it has been shown to exhibit antiinflammations, antiulcers and anticancer effects. In this study, therefore, we report the cytotoxic activity and the mechanism of cell death exhibited by the methanol extract of Ptercarpus santalinus (MEPS) against human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line, HeLa. Treatment of HeLa cells with various concentrations of MEPS resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as determined by cell viability, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and sub-G1 phase accumulation. In Western blot analysis, apoptosis in the HeLa cells was associated with the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into the cytosol, activation of caspases-3, -8, -9 and proteolytic cleavage of PARP. These results suggest that MEPS exhibits antiproliferative effect on HeLa cells via apoptosis, and it may be a potential candidate in field of anticancer drug discovery.     

羊栖菜多糖诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的研究羊栖菜多糖(SFPS)对人白血病HL-60细胞系增殖抑制和凋亡诱导作用。方法MTT法检测SFPS对HL-60细胞增殖的抑制作用;扫描电镜、透射电镜、琼脂糖凝胶电泳和流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。结果SFPS对HL-60细胞具有显著生长抑制作用,并呈量效和时效关系;药物浓度为300 mg/L和500 mg/L作用HL-60细胞后,观察到典型的细胞凋亡形态学特征;DNA凝胶电泳呈现梯状条带;DNA直方图出现亚G1峰。在一定浓度范围内,SFPS诱导细胞凋亡的作用呈现浓度和时间依赖性,同时G2/M期细胞比例增多。结论SFPS抗肿瘤作用与诱导细胞凋亡和G2/M期细胞阻滞有关。     

Oleanolic acid isolated from ethanolic extract of Phytolacca decandra induces apoptosis in A375 skin melanoma cells: drug-DNA interaction and signaling cascade

OBJECTIVE: Oleanolic acid(OA) has been reported to have anticancer effects, but the extent of its cytotoxicity, its ability to interact with nuclear DNA, its action against skin melanoma, as well as the molecular mechanism of its action against cell proliferation and in support of cell death are still unexplored. This led us to examine the efficacy of OA, a bioactive compound isolated from Phytolacca decandra, on these issues in the present investigation.METHODS: Studies related to analyses of cell viability, drug-DNA interaction, cell proliferation, cell cycle and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) activity were performed. To investigate whether cells undergo apoptosis, studies like fl uorescence microscopy, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) degradation, annexin V-fl uorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assay, alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential and activity of some relevant signaling proteins were performed.RESULTS: OA displayed a minimal and negligible cytotoxic effect on normal HaCaT cells(skin keratinocytes) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells but by contrast it reduced A375 cell viability significantly. OA interacted with nuclear DNA quickly after exposure. It acted as an antiproliferative agent. It suppressed EGFR activity. OA administration led the cells to mitochondriadependent caspase 3-mediated apoptosis.CONCLUSION: OA interacts with cellular DNA, inhibits proliferation possibly through modulating EGFR activity and induces mitochondria-dependent caspase 3-mediated apoptosis in A375 cells which would qualify it as a potent anticancer agent.     

槲皮素诱导HeLa细胞凋亡及caspase-3、caspase-8活化对凋亡影响的研究

 目的 研究槲皮素(quercetin诱导HeLa细胞(人宫颈癌细胞凋亡的作用,以及caspase-3、caspase-8活化对凋亡的影响。方法 采用噻唑蓝(MTT法观察槲皮素对HeLa细胞(人宫颈癌细胞和L-02细胞(正常人肝细胞的生长抑制作用;DAPI染色后荧光显微镜观察细胞的形态学变化;通过DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行DNA片段化分析,FITC-Annexin V/PI荧光标记流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况;比色法测定槲皮素诱导HeLa细胞凋亡过程中caspase-3、caspase-8活性变化。结果 MTT结果显示,槲皮素可选择性抑制HeLa细胞的生长,并呈剂量、时间依赖性,而正常人肝细胞L-02不出现生长抑制(P>0.05。160.0 μmol·L-1槲皮素处理HeLa细胞72 h,DAPI染色也可见核浓缩及边缘现象,DNA电泳出现特征性的凋亡条带。160.0 μmol·L-1槲皮素处理HeLa细胞24、48和72 h的凋亡率分别为（9.4±2.1%、（30.1±6.5%和（59.8±9.5%,caspase-3活性在48 h达最高（1.68±0.07U·μg -1,而caspase-8活性则在24 h达最高（1.83±0.06U·μg-1,两者与对照组相比均具有显著性差异（P＜0.05。结论 槲皮素可特异性地诱导人HeLa细胞凋亡,其诱导凋亡的机制可能与caspase-3、caspase-8活化有关。     

Cordyceps pruinosa extracts induce apoptosis of HeLa cells by a caspase dependent pathway

Aim of the study

Cordyceps is a parasitic fungus and has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat illnesses, promote longevity, increase athletic power, and relieve exhaustion and cancer. In this study, we reveal the mechanisms underlying apoptosis induced by Cordyceps pruinosa butanol fraction (CPBF) in the human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line, HeLa.

Materials and methods

Proliferation and apoptosis of cells were examined by MTT assay, DNA fragmentation, phosphatidyl serine distribution assay, Western blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry. To determine the association between CPBF related apoptosis and ROS, electron spin resonance (ESR) trapping experiments were used.

Results

CPBF inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner using a MTT assay, DNA fragmentation, and a phosphatidyl serine distribution assay. Western blot analysis showed that apoptosis in HeLa cells was caspase-3- and -9-dependent. Proteolytic cleavage of PARP and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol were significantly increased and the Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio was decreased. Apoptosis induced by CPBF was not prevented by various antioxidants.

Conclusions

These results indicate that apoptotic effects of CPBF on HeLa cells are mediated by mitochondria-dependent death-signaling pathway independent of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that CPBF might be effective as an anti-proliferative agent for cancer.     

A p‐Menth‐1‐ene‐4,7‐diol (EC‐1) from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dhnh. Triggers Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Changes in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells

Anticancer activities of p‐menth‐1‐ene‐4,7‐diol (EC‐1) isolated from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dhnh. were studied on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells by MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Anticancer activities also analyzed in EAC‐bearing mice by assessment of cancer growth inhibition, changes in cancer volume, changes in life span, and hematological parameters. Apoptosis was analyzed by fluorescence microscope, DNA fragmentation assay, and flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis‐related genes, Bcl‐2, Bcl‐X, PARP‐1, p53, and Bax, were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). EC‐1 significantly inhibited proliferation of EAC cells in vivo and restored the altered hematological parameters of EAC‐bearing mice. Cytological observation by fluorescence microscope showed apoptosis of EAC cells upon treatment with EC‐1. Also, DNA fragmentation assay revealed EAC cells' apoptosis following EC‐1 treatment. Increased mRNA expressions of p53 and Bax genes and negative expressions of Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐X were observed in cells treated with EC‐1. These findings confirmed the induction of apoptosis by EC‐1. In addition, MTT assay showed dose‐dependent anticancer activity of EC‐1 against EAC cell. Cell cycle analysis revealed that EC‐1 treatment caused suppression of EAC cells at S phase. To conclude, EC‐1 is a novel anticancer compound and showed antiproliferative and apoptotic activities in cellular and mice models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antiproliferative activity and apoptosis induction by trijuganone C isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen)

In this study, we found that the hexane fraction of Danshen, the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Lamiaceae), exerted antiproliferative effects on human leukemia cells. Phytochemical investigation of the hexane fraction achieved the isolation of the tanshinone diterpenes: dihydrotanshinone I ( 1 ), trijuganone C ( 2 ), trijuganone B ( 3 ), cryptotanshinone ( 4 ), tanshinone IIA ( 5 ), and tanshinone I ( 6 ). Compound 2 showed significant antiproliferative activities against human leukemia cells HL‐60, Jurkat, and U937. The antiproliferative activities of 2 against human cancer and normal cells indicated that 2 exhibited potent antiproliferative activities with IC₅₀ values less than 10 μM against HL‐60 and Jurkat cells as well as on the colon cancer cells DLD‐1, COLO 205, and Caco‐2. Compound 2 induced chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9, and the cleavage of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) in HL‐60 cells. Moreover, 2 activated Bid and Bax, leading to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and 2 induced the cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytosol. In contrast, Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL were unaffected by 2 . These results suggest that 2 exerts antiproliferative effects via apoptosis induction mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation. Compound 2 may serve as a candidate of potential chemotherapeutic agent for human leukemia.     

Tanshinone IIA isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE induced apoptosis in HL60 human premyelocytic leukemia cell line

Apoptosis is a new therapeutic target of cancer research. Tanshinone IIA isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE, a traditional oriental medical herb, was observed to induce apoptosis in HL60 human premyelocytic leukemia cell line. Tanshinone IIA induced DNA fragmentation into the multiples of 180 bp and increased the percentage of hypodiploid cells in flow cytometry after propidium iodide (PI) staining. Tanshinone IIA-induced apoptosis is accompanied by the specific proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the activation of caspase-3, a major component in apoptotic cell death mechanism.     

Acalypha wilkesiana extracts induce apoptosis by causing single strand and double strand DNA breaks

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The seeds of Acalypha wilkesiana have been used empirically by traditional healers in Southwest Nigeria together with other plants as a powder mixture to treat patients with breast tumours and inflammation.

Aim of the study

There is an increasing interest among researchers in searching for new anticancer drugs from natural resources, particularly plants. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer properties of Acalypha wilkesiana extracts and the characteristics of DNA damage against brain and lung cancer cells.

Materials and methods

The antiproliferative activity of Acalypha wilkesiana extracts (ethyl acetate, hexane, and ethanol) was examined on human glioma (U87MG), human lung carcinoma (A549), and human lung fibroblast (MRC5) cells.

Results

Cell viability MTT assay revealed that ethyl acetate extract of the plant possessed significant antiproliferative effects against both U87MG (GI₅₀ = 28.03 ± 6.44 μg/ml) and A549 (GI₅₀ = 89.63 ± 2.12 μg/ml) cells (p value < 0.0001). The hexane extract was found to exhibit crucial antiproliferative effects on U87MG (GI₅₀ = 166.30 ± 30.50 μg/ml) (p value < 0.0001) but not on A549 cells. Neither plant extract possessed noticeable antiproliferative effects on the non-cancerous MRC5 cells (GI₅₀ > 300 μg/ml). The ethanol extract showed no antiproliferative effects on any cell line examined. Haematoxylin &; Eosin (H &; E) staining and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) comet assay confirmed that plant extract-treated cells underwent apoptosis and not necrosis. SCGE comet assays confirmed that plant extracts caused both single strand (SSB) and double strand (DSB) DNA breaks that led to the execution of apoptosis.

Conclusion

The extracts (especially ethyl acetate and hexane) of Acalypha wilkesiana possess valuable cytotoxic effects that trigger apoptosis in U87MG and A549 cancer cells through induction of DNA SSBs and DSBs.     

姜黄素对HL-60细胞体内、体外抗癌作用的实验研究

 目的　研究姜黄素对急性粒细胞白血病HL-60细胞体内、体外抗癌作用。方法　应用台盼蓝拒染法、MTT法及电镜观察超微结构和DNA片断化分析观察姜黄素对HL-60细胞的体外抗癌作用;通过HL-60细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型,采用TUNEL,免疫组化等方法检测姜黄素对HL-60细胞裸鼠移植瘤的体内抗癌效应。结果　①姜黄素对HL-60细胞的增殖具有明显的抑制作用,呈时间和剂量依赖性;在体外可诱导HL-60细胞发生凋亡。②姜黄素抑制HL-60细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长,抑瘤率为54.35%;姜黄素在体内亦可诱导HL-60细胞凋亡,并使其Bcl-2蛋白的表达水平下降。结论　姜黄素在体内、外均可抑制HL-60细胞增殖,并诱导其凋亡;可能通过下调Bcl-2蛋白表达起作用。     

七叶皂苷钠抑制人白血病Jurkat细胞增殖的机制研究

目的研究七叶皂苷钠抑制人白血病Jurkat细胞增殖的作用及其机制。方法 MTT法分析七叶皂苷钠对Jurkat细胞增殖的抑制作用,Hoechst 33258染色、FITC-Annexin V/PI双染、DNA Ladder、流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期,Western blotting法分析凋亡相关蛋白变化。结果七叶皂苷钠呈质量浓度和时间相关方式抑制Jurkat细胞增殖;经七叶皂苷钠处理后的Jurkat细胞出现凋亡的形态学特征、DNA条带,Annexin V+/PI细胞(早期凋亡细胞)显著增加;七叶皂苷钠可活化Jurkat细胞中Caspase-8、Caspase-9、Caspase-3,引起PARP的切割,并减少Bcl-2蛋白的表达。结论七叶皂苷钠能有效地通过诱导细胞凋亡抑制Jurkat细胞增殖。     

天花粉蛋白抑制HeLa细胞增殖的实验研究

目的研究天花粉蛋白(TCS)对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞生长的抑制作用,探讨TCS抗肿瘤的作用机制。方法采用MTT法检测TCS对Hela细胞的抑制作用,形态学观察、DNA电泳及流式细胞仪检测TCS对HeLa细胞的诱导凋亡作用。结果TCS对HeLa细胞的生长具有明显的抑制作用,显微镜下可见细胞圆缩,胞浆凝聚等凋亡细胞的形态学改变,DNA凝胶电泳呈梯级格局,流式检测出现凋亡峰,凋亡比例具有剂量和时间依赖性。结论天花粉蛋白通过诱导细胞发生凋亡而抑制宫颈癌HeLa细胞的增殖。     

灵芝复方诱导HL-60白血病细胞凋亡的研究

应用体外集落与液体培养、细胞形态学观察、ＤＮＡ片段凝胶电泳及ＤＮＡ片百分率测定等方法观察灵芝复方对人骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ生长及ＨＬ－６０细胞增殖和凋亡的作用。发现灵芝复方在一定浓度范围内对人骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ生长有促进作用,而对白血病系ＨＬ－６０细胞集落生长则表现了剂量依赖性抑制;细胞形态学经为芝复方对ＨＬ－６０细胞凋亡具有剂量和时间依赖性诱导作用。８和１６ｍｇ／ｍｌ灵芝复方作用４８ｈ,可使ＨＬ－６０细     

异常黑胆质成熟剂醇提物诱导HepG2细胞凋亡机制的研究

目的:探讨异常黑胆质成熟剂醇提物的抗癌作用机理。方法:采用四氮甲基唑蓝法(MTT)观察样品对人肝癌细胞株(HepG2)体外生长的抑制作用;采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术、流式细胞术等观察样品对HepG2细胞凋亡的影响;采用逆转录-多聚酶链式反应技术(RT-PCR)观察样品对HepG2细胞凋亡相关基因mRNA表达的影响;观察样品对HepG2细胞Caspase-3活性的影响。结果:异常黑胆质成熟剂醇提物可明显抑制癌细胞体外生长(P<0.05);明显阻滞癌细胞周期、诱导癌细胞凋亡(P<0.05);明显提高抑癌基因p53、p21基因mRNA的表达,抑制抗凋亡基因Bc l-2 mRNA的表达,对Bax基因mRNA表达不产生明显的影响;明显提高Caspase-3活性。结论:异常黑胆质成熟剂醇提物抗癌作用可能与其抑制癌细胞生长、阻滞癌细胞周期、诱导癌细胞凋亡、调节凋亡相关基因表达、激活Caspase-3活性等功能有密切联系。     

Antiproliferative activity of Hungarian Asteraceae species against human cancer cell lines. Part I

Aqueous and organic extracts of 25 selected species from four tribes of Hungarian Asteraceae were screened in vitro for antiproliferative activity against HeLa (cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma), A431 (skin epidermoid carcinoma) and MCF7 (breast epithelial adenocarcinoma) cells, using the MTT assay. Twenty five of the 228 tested extracts from different parts of the species of Astereae (6), Inuleae (3), Heliantheae (5) and Anthemideae (11) demonstrated a substantial antiproliferative effect (at least 50% inhibition of cell proliferation) at 10 microg/mL against one or more of the cell lines. Complete dose-response curves were generated and IC(50) values were calculated for these active extracts, and their direct cytotoxic effects were determined. In summary, 11 of the tested 25 plants were found to be active and 4 of them (Anthemis ruthenica, Erigeron canadensis, Erigeron annuus and Inula ensifolia) had not been studied previously for either active compounds or anticancer properties.     

白背叶提取物A的体外抗肿瘤活性研究

目的观察白背叶提取物A对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用。方法采用四唑盐比色试验(MTT法),以半数抑制浓度(IC50)为评价抗肿瘤活性强度的指标,分别对HL60人白血病细胞、Hela人宫颈癌细胞、A375人黑色素瘤细胞、MCF7人乳腺癌细胞4种常见的人恶性肿瘤细胞进行抗肿瘤活性的筛选。结果白背叶提取物A在浓度为10μg/ml时对HL60(P<0.05)、Hela(P<0.05)、A375(P<0.05)、MCF7(P<0.01)即有明显抑制作用(P<0.05或P<0.01),其IC50分别为29.64,30.36,36.65,42.81μg/ml。结论白背叶提取物A对以上4种肿瘤细胞的增殖均有抑制作用。     

Protective effects of Wuyaoshunqisan against H2O2-induced apoptosis on hippocampal cell line HiB5

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative disorders. To investigate the protective effects of Wuyaoshunqisan against H2O2-induced apoptosis in the central nervous system, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method, flow cytometric analysis, and the DNA fragmentation assay were performed on cells of the hippocampal cell line HiB5. Through the morphological and biochemical analyses, it was shown that HiB5 cells treated with H2O2 exhibit classical apoptotic features, while the occurrence of such changes is reduced in cells pre-treated with Wuyaoshunqisan prior to H2O2 exposure.     

Haeamtang induces apoptosis of colon cancer HT-29 cells through activation of caspase-3

The effect of Haeamtang (HAT) on the colon cancer HT-29 cells was investigated in this study. A water extract of HAT significantly decreased the number of HT-29 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner as determined by a MTT assay. Flow cytometry results revealed a dose- and time-dependent increase of dead cells in HT-29 cells treated with HAT extract. The anticancer activity of the H AT extract is attributed to apoptosis induced in HT-29 cells, which was demonstrated by increased caspase-3 activity and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase fragmentation. A selective caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, inhibited the HAT-induced cell death. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HAT extract induces apoptosis in HT-29 cells.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigage the effects of celastrol-triggered HeLa cells autophagy and the molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The antiproliferative effect of celastrol was detected using MTT assay. Apoptotic rate and cell cycle were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis. Autophagy was detected using fluorescence microscope. Protein expression was evaluated using Western blotting. Tumor growth was evaluated by subcutaneous xenograft model in vivo. RESULTS Celastrol inhibited HeLa cells proliferation and induced HeLa cells autophagy and cell cycle arrest at G₀/G₁ phase, but not induced HeLa cell apoptosis in vitro. The protein expression of Beclin 1 was up-regulated and the conversion from LC3 ?? to LC3 ?? was increase in HeLa cells in vitro after treatment with celastrol. Moreover, celastrol promoted the protein expression of PTEN??p-ERK1/2??p-MEK1/2 and inhibited the phosphorylated of Akt, p70S6K and mTOR in HeLa cells. After pretreatment with 3-methyladenine (5 mmol??L^-1), the antiproliferative and induced-autophagy effects of celastrol were reversed. Furthermore, celastrol inhibited tumor growth and the protein expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR, but up-regulated the protein expression of LC3 ?? and Beclin 1 in vivo. CONCLUSION Antitumor effect of celastrol dependent on cells autophagy in HeLa cells via inhibition of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.