氯化铝毒性的初步研究

本文对混凝净水剂氯化铝毒性进行了初步研究。急性毒性试验结晶氯化铝小白鼠经口LD_(50)为3033mg/kg,属低毒;蓄积试验蓄积系数为1.45,属明显或强蓄积物质;Ames试验、微核试验结果均为阴性,骨髓细胞染色体畸变试验阳性,但属弱阳性;骨髓细胞分裂指数试验存在剂量-反应关系;SCE试验阴性,但氯化铝对人外周血淋巴细胞生长有轻度抑制作用;小鼠精子畸形试验阳性,且随着氯化铝剂量的增加,小鼠精子畸形构成比也发生改变。     

氯化硫酸铁毒性和水质净化效果研究

急性毒性、Ames试验、蓄积毒性、精子畸变等毒理学试验结果表明,氯化硫酸铁属无毒物质;不同剂量的氯化硫酸铁对测试菌株未表现出诱变作用;雌雄小鼠的蓄积系数分别为10.54、8.3,为弱蓄积性;对小鼠精子畸形率也无明显影响。实验室和水厂试验表明该产品对不同浊度的源水混凝效果良好,净化后水质符合国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》要求。     

霉敌的安全性毒理学评价

为了评价霉敌（１，２－苯并异噻唑啉酮的安全性，对其进行了急性毒性、蓄积毒性、Ａｍｅｓ、ＤＮＡ重组、小鼠微核、小鼠精子畸变、大鼠传统致畸和大鼠９０天喂养等试验。结果表明：霉敌属低毒物质，有中等蓄积毒性，无致突变、致畸作用。大鼠９０天喂养最大无作用剂量为３２．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ，建议ＡＤＩ为０．３２ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

对二氯苯毒性研究

结果表明蓄积毒性作用不明显（蓄积系数＞５），对眼无刺激性，对皮肤无致敏作用，但在皮肤多次刺激试验中具有轻度刺激作用；亚急性吸入试验未见肝肾功能的损害及其病理组织学改变；遗传毒性研究表明，在Ａｍｅｓ试验和中国仓鼠肺细胞染色体畸变检测系统中，无致突变作用。对二氯苯属低毒性物质，可以用作防霉防蛀剂     

JE-60#防锈防垢剂的毒性试验研究

目的：研究JE-60^#防锈防垢剂的毒性。方法：小鼠急性经口毒性试验、小鼠蓄积毒性实验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验。结果：JE-60^#防锈防垢剂雌、雄小鼠LD50均〉10000mg／kg，属实际无毒类物质；蓄积毒性试验为有轻度蓄积作用物质；Ames试验、微核试验结果均为阴性。结论：在本次实验条件下，JE-60^#防锈防垢剂属实际无毒类物质，有轻度蓄积作用物质，未显示有遗传毒性作用。     

巴沙蚊香的毒性实验研究

对市售巴沙蚊香进行了系列毒性实验研究,证明蚊香含纯度为96%的巴沙原液3.3%。实验结果还表明:巴沙蚊香急性吸入毒性不大,亚急性吸入毒性未发现异常,小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和Ames试验均为阴性,小鼠精子畸变作用不明显;蓄积试验结果:巴沙蚊香属弱蓄积性物质。以上实验结果提示:如巴沙原药的纯度确保在96%以上,其投药量控制在3.3%左右的巴沙蚊香,在实际使用中相对安全。     

溴氰菊酯毒性和致突变性的研究

目的　了解溴氰菊酯的毒性、刺激性、蓄积毒性、致敏性和致突变性。方法　按标准方法分别作大小鼠急性经口毒性 ;大鼠经皮、吸入毒性 ;皮肤、眼刺激性 ;大鼠蓄积毒性和亚慢性经口毒性试验 ;豚鼠致敏试验 ;致突变试验包括Ames、小鼠骨髓微核和睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验。结果　大小鼠急性LD50 分别为 2 78mg/kg和 5 6 2mg/kg ;大鼠经皮LD50 >2 0 0 0mg/kg ;急性吸入LC50 >3 0 0 0mg/m3 ;无皮肤刺激性 ,轻度眼刺激性 ;蓄积系数 2 3 ;致敏率为 0 ;Ames试验结果阴性 ;微核和染色体在高剂量组 ( 11 2 4mg/kg)与阴性对照组相比有高度显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;大鼠 90天亚慢性经口的最大无作用剂量为 2 82 5mg/kg。结论　溴氰菊酯有明显的蓄积作用 ,为弱致敏物 ,一定剂量下可引起骨髓微核和睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变率增加 ,提示它是一种可能致突变物     

氯乙酸甲酯的急性和亚慢性毒性实验研究

目的对氯乙酸甲酯的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性进行了实验研究。方法参照GB15670—1995《国家农药登记毒理学试验方法》,分别对60只成年大鼠,12只新西兰大耳白兔(简称大白兔)和120只刚断乳的大鼠进行了大鼠经口LD50和蓄积毒性实验,大白兔经皮肤刺激实验、眼刺激实验和亚慢性毒性实验。结果①大鼠经口LD50为172.08mg/kg,该受试物属中等毒性物质;②大鼠的蓄积指数IC为0,蓄积作用弱;③对大白兔有皮肤刺激和眼刺激作用,眼刺激作用属于中重度刺激;④亚慢性毒性实验发现氯乙酸甲酯对大鼠的肾脏和肝脏有毒性作用,最大无作用剂量为4.3mg/kg。结论氯乙酸甲酯具有一定的肝脏、肾脏和生殖毒性,制定车间和药物浓度标准是非常有必要的。     

CB饮水消毒剂对HBsAg的灭活及其毒理验试

随着研究工作的不断深入,1982年以后我们对改进的合成工艺获得的氯溴异氰尿酸又做了进一步的毒理试验及对HBsAg灭活效果的观察。本文主要介绍了上述试验的结果。氯溴异氰尿酸的急性毒性试验(LD50)对雄性小鼠为2.25±0.79g/kg;雌性小鼠为2.66±0.68g/kg,属低毒性。蓄积毒性试验(蓄积系数法)结果K>8.3,属弱蓄积物。致突变试验包括Ames试验,小鼠微核和细胞染色体畸变试验,小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验,其结果均为险性。     

781表面活性剂代替汽油清洗飞机发动机预防汽油中毒的研究

本文报道了781清洗剂及其七种组份的毒性,大白鼠急性毒性实验;经口灌胃,LD_(50)为3,243.0—17,768.9mg/kg;属中等蓄积作用;对家兔皮肤有轻度刺激作用,其5％水溶液对工人皮肤无刺激作用。未引起小白鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变,Ames试验阴性。 改用781代替汽油清洗飞机发动机后,车间空气中汽油浓度由 2,946.0mg/m~3降至不能用气相色谱检出。车间空气中环氧乙烷平均浓度为1.32mg/m~3。使用三年后未见有工人血脂升高及对健康有不良影响。     

烟嘧磺隆原药致突变实验研究

目的：探讨烟嘧磺隆原药的致突变性，预测其遗传危害和潜在致癌作用的可能性。方法：用昆明种小鼠经口灌胃染毒（骨髓细胞染色体畸变实验的剂量分别为250、500、1000mg/kg，睾丸细胞染色体畸变实验的剂量分别为300、1500、3000mg/kg），取其股骨或睾丸组织，常规制片，观察分散良好的中期分裂相，鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变(Ames)试验采用平板掺入法（剂量分别为0．032、0．16、0．84、4．0μg/皿）。结果：小鼠骨髓，睾丸细胞染色体畸变实验显示，烟嘧磺隆原药给药组与阴性对照组相比，差异无显著性（P＞0．05）；Ames试验显示各菌株的各测试浓度的回变菌落数均未超过自发回变菌落数的两倍。结论：在本实验范围内，烟嘧磺隆原药无效突变性。     

Protective Effect of Polysaccharides Isolated from <i>Tremella fuciformis</i> against Radiation-induced Damage in Mice

WTF-B, a type of water-soluble homogeneous polysaccharide, was isolated and purified from Tremella Fuciformis. To investigate the radioprotective effect of WTF-B, we employed a 30-day survival assay. Mice were treated with WTF-B once per day for three consecutive days before 8-Gy gamma irradiation. The treatment groups receiving 54 and 72 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of WTF-B showed 50% survival post-irradiation. The hematological parameters of the peripheral blood indicated that WTF-B, when administered at doses of 72 mg/kg b.w., significantly restored hemoglobin, white blood cell counts and red blood cell counts by the 14th day and 18th day. In addition, spleen colony forming units (CFU-S), the number of nucleated cells in bone marrow (BMNC) and spleen index were used to investigate the radioprotective effect of WTF-B on the hematopoietic system. The treatment groups receiving WTF-B at 18, 54 and 72 mg/kg b.w. doses presented significantly higher BMNC compared to radiation-only group. The group administered 72 mg/kg b.w. WTF-B presented a significant change in CFU-S compared to the radiation-only group. We also completed micronucleus and chromosome aberration assays to explore genotoxicity. The results of those assays indicated that the number of micronuclei induced by 2-Gy irradiation in a group treated with 72 mg/kg b.w. WTF-B decreased from 30.30‰ to 11.32‰. The chromosomal aberration produced by 3-Gy irradiation in the group receiving 72 mg/kg b.w. WTF-B decreased from 56.01% to 28.13%. The results of the present study indicate a potential use for WTF-B as a radioprotector.     

有机磷农药对小鼠骨髓细胞遗传物质的影响

目的探讨较长时间接触有机磷农药对动物骨髓细胞遗传物质的影响,为有机磷农药对农副产品污染的综合防治提供科学依据。方法选择昆明种成年小鼠经口灌胃染毒,1次/d,连续染毒21 d。敌敌畏(DDVP)染毒剂量为5.0,10.0和20.0 mg/kg,氧乐果染毒剂量为2.5,5.0和10.0 mg/kg,对照组给予等容积的生理盐水。观察染毒21 d后小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞(PCE)微核率和染色体畸变细胞率的变化。结果各染毒组微核率和染色体畸变细胞率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论有机磷农药的长期毒性作用可引起小鼠骨髓细胞遗传物质的损伤,导致遗传毒性效应。     

A study on the investigation of cadmium chloride genotoxicity in rat bone marrow using micronucleus test and chromosome aberration analysis

In this study, we investigated the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in Wistar rat tibia bone marrow cells, using the structural chromosomal aberration (SCA) and micronucleus (MN) test systems. CdCl2 was administered to adult female rats as repeated i.p. doses of 0.5 mg/kg b.w. for 18 week (four months) at 48 h intervals. Mitomycin C (MMC) was used as a positive control (2 mg/kg b.w.). This study shows that cadmium chloride treatment significantly induced the frequency of micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocytes in tibia bone marrow. This increase in micronucleus frequency shows that cadmium has a genotoxic effect on bone marrow at this level. Also, in order to determine cytotoxicity in bone marrow, the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes was calculated in bone marrow. The results of this study indicate that CdCl2 decreased this ratio. The decrease of this ratio in bone marrow shows CdCl2 may lead to cytotoxicity. We have reported that 0.5 mg/kg-level chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd) has an injurious effect on bone marrow. Our findings indicate that CdCl2 has a cytotoxic and genotoxic effect on rat bone marrow at chronic exposure.     

钝顶螺旋藻抗突变作用的研究

对钝顶螺旋藻的抗突变作用进行了研究。结果表明：钝顶螺旋藻在２０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量下,对环磷酰胺所致小鼠骨髓细胞微核增加有拮抗作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）,对丝裂霉素所致小鼠睾丸染色体畸变在染色体畸变细胞率指标上具有拮抗作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）,在性染色体单价体,常染色体单价体,具有拮抗趋势,但无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在６７,６７０ｍｇ／ｋｇ两个低剂量下,对环磷酰胺所致小鼠骨髓细胞微核和对丝裂霉素所致小鼠睾丸染色体畸变在染色体畸变细胞率增高的拮抗作用无统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

三硝基甲苯的生殖毒性

NT使胎鼠体重增长缓慢、胎鼠骨骼发育迟缓、肋骨畸形率增高、行为发育(?)常、雌鼠受孕率降低。800mg/kg 组妊鼠骨髓、脐带血及胎鼠肝血PCE(?)核率增高。TNT 染毒小鼠精子活动率降低、精子畸形率增高、精子数减少、睾丸细胞染色体畸变率增高,而且睾丸和卵巢形态学在电镜和光镜下均有改变。TNT 染毒大鼠血清E_2、FSH、LH 及T 含量亦有改变。结果表明(?)NT 对实验动物是具有生殖毒性的化学物质。     

苯酚的遗传毒性研究

通过小鼠骨髓染色体畸变和小鼠精子畸形试验，对苯酚的遗传毒性进行了观察．结果在５０、１００、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重３个剂量组中，染色体畸变率和畸变细胞百分率显著高于阴性对照组，且有统计学意义．在相同剂量范围内与阴性对照组相比，小鼠精子畸形百分率未有显著性差异。结合国外有关报道，可以认为苯酚是一种具有遗传毒性的诱变剂。长期职业接触可能会对作业工人产生远期危害．     

Cytogenetic effects of an agricultural antibiotic, captan, on mouse bone marrow and testicular cells

This paper deals with the cytogenetic effects of Captan on mouse bone marrow and testis. We used (a) the assays of micronuclei (MN) in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE), (b) the mouse chromosomal aberration test on bone marrow and testis, and (c) the assay of sperm morphology. The tested doses in these assays were 1000, 800, 400, 100, and 50 mg/kg. The results showed that Captan was remarkably mutagenic to bone marrow, the lowest dose inducing MN being 100 mg/kg, and to chromosome breakage, 400 mg/kg. It was also demonstrated that captan was mutagenic to cells of the mouse testis; there was a certain relationship between dosage and response. The lowest doses inducing mutagenicity of spermatocyte and primary spermatogonia and sperm-head abnormality were 50, 800, and 200 mg/kg, respectively.     

Evaluation of cytogenetic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on Wistar rat bone marrow by gavage administration

In this study, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), was administered to adult female albino rats (Wistar rats) by gavage dose of 6.12, 3.06, 0.8 mg/kg b.w. repeated for 13 days at 48 h intervals. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of LCT were investigated in bone marrow cells, using the structural chromosomal aberration (SCA) and micronucleus (MN) test systems. Mitomycin C (MMC) was also used as positive control (2mg/kg b.w.). All the doses of LCT increased the number of SCAs and the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes, with respect to the control group. Only the highest dose of LCT significantly increased the MN frequency compared with control (P < 0.01). It was also observed that LCT caused a significant decrease in the number of polychromatic erythrocytes compared with controls (p < 0.001). These observations indicate the in vivo suspectibility of mammals to the genetic toxicity and cytotoxicity potential of LCT.