缺铁性贫血对学龄前儿童身体做功能力的影响

本文试用PWC_(170)机能试验,在控制7个干扰因素使每组年龄、性别组成、体重、身高、头围、胸围、体表面积尽可能一致的情况下,研究了缺铁性贫血(IDA)对学龄前儿童身体做功能力(PWC_(170))的影响。结果表明IDA治疗组在补铁前PWC_(170)和最大吸氧量(VO_(2max))分别为172.47±25.29kg·M/min,1.53±0.09L/min低于对照组相应值(P<0.01),铁剂治疗80天后,分别增至198.52±44.53kg·M/min、1.65±0.17L/min,和治疗前比较P<0.01,且与对照组没有统计学差异(P<0.05)。IDA安慰剂组治疗前后PWC_(170)和VO_(2max)没有明显变化且都低于对照组相应值。IDA幼儿运动负荷后的心率高于正常幼儿,治疗后下降。本研究指示IDA对学龄前儿童身体做功能力有一定影响,并能被补铁治疗矫正。     

装甲步兵不同体力者的耐热能力

为了解装甲步兵不同体力乘员耐热能力的差异,为该兵种提供防暑工作的依据,于1985年6～7月在豫东地区进行了现场试验研究。方法采用PWC_(170)踏车法(指心率在170次/分时体力下的工作能力,以千克·米/公斤体重·分为单位),对全连60名19～24岁的战士进行体力普查,参考国人PWC_(170)正常值和美陆军体力标准,按照均值±标准差的范围进行体力分类:PWC_(170)>15kg·m/kg·     

轻度缺铁性贫血对儿童身体作功能力的影响

本文研究了130名轻度缺铁性贫血和正常的7岁儿童的身体作功能力。分别在治疗前、后30天及60天时采手指血分析Hb、FEP、FEP/Hb、SF;同时测定身体作功能力指标(PWC_(170)、R·PWC_(170)、W·HR、Vo_2max)。发现轻度缺铁性贫血儿童的各测定指标均与正常儿童有显著差异,但经硫酸亚铁(300mg/d)治疗60天后,各测定指标均恢复到正常水平。本文研究结果证明了轻度缺铁性贫血可使儿童身体作功能力明显降低。     

利氧灵提高人体高原劳动能力效果评价

本文通过高原现场观察,对利氧灵提高人体高原劳动能力的效果进行了评价。20名受试者以配对实验设计分为实验组(利氧灵组)和对照组,每组10人。先在平原测量无氧阈(AT_(GE)),PWC_(170)和定量负荷运动心率(HR)。而后,乘飞机到达海拔4370m高原,重复上述指标的测量。结果表明,在该高度上停留一周时间里,两组的AT_(GE)、PWC_(170)明显低于平原对照值,HR明显高于平原对照值。但在同一时间里,实验组的上述指标明显好于对照组,如第5天,实验组的TI_(GE)、PWC_(170)和HR分别为529.2kg·m/min,1216.4kg·m/min和160b/min;对照组分别为362.6kg·m/min(P<0.05),1016.1kg·m/min(P<0.05)和170b/min(P<0.05)。可见,利氧灵对提高人体高原劳动能力有一定作用。     

国人PWC_(170)正常值的初步探讨

PWC_(170)(physical Work capacity at a heart rate of 170 beatPer minute指心率170次/分时的体力工作能力)为一种定量负荷试验,是指受试者在劳动负荷中身体机能动员起来,处于稳定状态下,心率为170次/分时,单位时间内作功的量(即功率),以千克米/分表示。近年来国外主要应用于评定人体生理机能状态和衡量旨在提高有氧代谢能力的耐力训练之效果,我们拟应用作评价人的体力劳动能力和耐力的一     

不同年龄,性别和身体发育的学生体力作业能力

儿童在学校内学习期间经受各种各样负荷的作用,需要按统一标准最充分反映他们机体功能状况确定适宜的卫生学负荷量。在这方面,反映人的身体潜力、他们的心脏呼吸和肌肉系统状况的体力作业能力(CPPC)测定具有重要意义。按世界卫生组织推荐方法借助于PWC_(170)测验和根据需氧的供给量的大小——最大耗氧量(MnK)评价CPPC。在普通教育的学校没有系统地从事运动的学生中,CPPC研究的很少。关于学生CPPC水平     

不同年龄,性别和身体发育的学生体力作业能力

判定学龄儿童在校内学习期间适宜的卫生学负荷量、反映人的身体潜力、心脏、呼吸和肌肉系统状况的体力作业能力(ФРС)测定具有重要意义。按世界卫生组织推荐,可借助于PW—C_(170)测验和最大耗氧量(МПК)评价ФРС。调查了432名阿塞拜疆10～17岁健康的学生,他们在巴库不同地区3所普通学校学习。为判定ФРС采用了自行车记功器,测定PWC_(170)和МПК指标,同时测量了身体发育。按绝对数计算了每千克体重PWC_(170)和МПК的相对数,并按评价表判明的身体发育水平进行了资料分组。结果表明,从整体上看PWC_(170)绝对值随年龄而增长,但男、女孩均有特征性年龄的波动周     

低体重儿童心血管功能的评价

目的：探讨低体重营养不良对儿童心功能的影响。方法：将２７９名男生按身高标准体重法分为低体重和体重正常两组，进行安静心率和ＰＷＣ１７０负荷做功后心率的比较。结果：低体重儿童除安静心率外，两次负荷后即刻心率及恢复期心率均显著高于体重正常组儿童（Ｐ〈０．００１）。结论：低体重儿童心血管潜能降低，与正常儿童相比必须以较高的心率才能完成相同的负荷做功。     

低压仓内训练提高人体PWC_(170)机能的研究

本文通过12名16～22岁男自行车运动员,在低压仓内2000米、3000米、4000米模拟高度分别停留5、11、11天,每天上午踏车3小时,其余时间均在仓外进行一般体育训练的方式,观察了PWC_(170)的变化。结果表明,训练前PWC_(170)978±34kgm/min,训练后提高到1372±46kgm/min,增加40%(P<0.01)。说明:(1)所采用的阶梯性间断缺氧复合训练的方式共27天时间,明显提高了有氧代谢能力,有利于快速进入高原地区人员对缺氧的适应;(2)PWC_(170)可用于评定呼吸与循环机能,衡量体力和训练的效果;亦可试用于对高原适应能力作出前瞻性的估计。     

列车乘务员PWC170正常值的探讨

PWC1 70 (Physical Wor K Capacity at a heart rate of170beat per m inute,心率 170次 / min分时的体力工作能力 )是指受试者心率在 170次 / m in时 ,在单位时间内做功的量。PWC1 70 反映了人体的循环与呼吸功能 ,是评价劳动能力和耐力的一项客观指标 [1 ]。为了解列车乘务员身体素质状况 ,提高劳动工作能力 ,4～ 5月份对青岛客运分公司健康列车员进行 PWC1 70 测定 ,结果如下 :1　对象与方法1.1　对象　实验组选择身体健康 ,无急慢性疾病既往史 ,从事本职工作 1年以上 ,年龄 2 0～ 35岁之间的列车乘务员10 31例 ;对照组为青岛铁路…     

Marginal malnutrition and reduced physical work capacity of migrant adolescent boys in Southern Brazil

We measured the effect of marginal malnutrition on physical work capacity of adolescent children of agricultural migrant workers in Southern Brazil. Nutritional status was evaluated using 24-h dietary recall. Body size was evaluated anthropometrically. Biochemical assessments were also made. Physical work capacity (PWC170) was assessed by measuring heart rate, blood lactic acid levels, and oxygen consumption during submaximal bicycle ergometer work. The same tests were also carried out on a comparable group of local well-to-do boys of the same age in the same community who served as controls. The dietary results suggest that adolescent boys of migrant families were marginally malnourished. Their physical growth and development were retarded by at least 1 yr. They had significantly lower reserves of body fat and less muscle mass when compared with controls. Their Hb levels were normal. At the submaximal work loads measured (0, 25, 50, 75 W) the migrant children exhibited similar oxygen consumption and gross exercise efficiency as the control children, but achieved this work at a higher percentage of their maximum work capacity as shown by significantly higher heart rates for the same oxygen consumption. Higher blood lactic acid levels in the migrant children suggest that the available muscle mass was under greater stress to accomplish the same task. PWC170 was reduced one-third in the migrant children (migrant 643 +/- 162 kpm/min, control 905 +/- 345 kpm/min; p less than 0.005). These differences were largely associated with weight (migrant 20.6 +/- 5.9 kpm/min; control 18.8 +/- 4.3 kpm/kg/min; p greater than 0.1). These observations suggest that marginal as well as severe malnutrition affect physical work capacity at levels low enough to affect growth and development.     

负荷运动对大学生运动生理功能影响

目的探讨负荷运动对男、女大学生最大摄氧量(Vo2 max)、身体工作能力(PWC170)和心功能适应指数的效应,为进一步指导大学生体育锻炼提供参考。方法随机抽取右江民族医学院一年级180名男生和218名女生。采用二级阶梯负荷法测定其心率变化,计算Vo2 max、PWC170和心功能适应指数值。结果男生Vo2 max为(44.52±3.76)mL/(min.kg),女生为(42.74±3.47)mL/(min.kg);男、女生PWC170分别为(974.78±184.07)和(948.57±187.84)kg.m/min;心功能适应指数男生为(84.24±15.16),女生为(82.38±15.92)。在等级分组发现,Vo2 max增高,PWC170和心功能适应指数也随之升高,Vo2 max下降,PWC170和心功能适应指数也随之降低,男、女生优组与差组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论男生与女生的PWC170和心功能适应指数的变化与Vo2 max变化有显著相关,提示加强在校大学生体育训练,可增强体能。     

缺铁性贫血对0．5～7岁儿童智力、免疫功能及做功能力的影响

本研究采用中华儿科学会（１９８２）关于缺铁性贫血（ＩＤＡ）的实验室诊断指标为Ｈｂ＜１１０ｇ／Ｌ，ＦＥＰ＞５００μｇ／Ｌ，ＳＦ＜１６ｍｇ／Ｌ，通过补铁３个月后，Ｈｂ升高１０ｇ／Ｌ。以上４项中任选３项。同时对ＩＤＡ患儿的智力（ＩＱ）发育，免疫功能及做功能力进行测定。然后把ＩＤＡ患儿分成３组，第一组补铁加维生素Ｃ连续８０～９０天，第二组为食用安慰剂组，第三组为不贫血正常对照组。３个月后重复测定上述指标。结果证明６～３６个月婴儿患有ＩＤＡ占３０．５％，智能发育商ＤＱ值（Ｇｅｓｅｌｌ法），ＩＤＡ患儿为９５，３±９．７，正常儿为１０１，６±１０．３（Ｐ＜０．０１）；４～６．５岁幼儿中ＩＤＡ患病率为３６．８％，测得ＩＱ值（Ｗｐｐｓｉ法）包括语言ＩＱ，操作ＩＱ，总ＩＱ值均低于正常儿，补铁３个月后，ＤＱ值与ＩＱ值均有上升，前后有显著性差异，与正常对照组比较无明显差异，说明已恢复正常。ＩＤＡ对４～７岁幼儿做功能力ＰＷＣ１７０补铁前为１７２．４±２５．３，补铁后为１９８．５±４４．６，补铁后有显著提高。ＩＤＡ小儿免疫功能下降（ＰＨＡ刺激淋转为９３３０８±５０４０３ｃｐｍ／瓶），补铁后为１３０４２５±３４４４５ｃｐｍ／瓶；粪便Ｓ－?     

7～12岁儿童铁缺乏及补充对身体做功能力的影响

以１１６０名７～１２岁儿童为研究对象，共筛查出ＩＤＡ儿童２６９人，贫血患病率为２３．１９％。抽取６０名ＩＤＡ儿童分为二组（补铁组、安慰剂组），另选３０名正常儿童为对照组。补铁前后测Ｈｂ、ＦＥＰ、ＰＷＣ１７０、ＲＰＷＣ１７０、ＶＯ２ｍａｘ及血乳酸浓度值。补铁前，ＩＤＡ儿童反映ＰＷＣ大小的各项指标值与正常儿童之间存在显著性差异；经三个月补铁后，补铁组以上各指标值恢复正常水平。结果提示：轻度ＩＤＡ对７～１２岁儿童ＰＷＣ有明显影响，并能通过铁剂治疗得以矫正。     

Characteristics of the development of emotional stress in persons with different levels of physical fitness

Emotional stress is one of the most important problems. Until now scientists can't determine a norm of physical state which is characteristic of human stress resistance in the extreme conditions. The study is designed to analyze the dependence of stress resistance in young males on their physical fitness. Physical capacity for work has been established in young males aged 17-24 by means of PWC170 test. Modelling of the novelty with an element of personal risk has been carried out for the complex study of emotional stress. During the first appearance of those under experiment on the beam placed at the height of 10 m, the changes occurring in their omega-potential, vegetative indices according to heart rhythm and arterial pressure were investigated. Predominance of parasympathetic regulation and higher values of omega-potential in persons with general physical capacity for work of 18 kg.m/min.kg and higher were set forth. They could indicate their higher stress resistance and psychic capacity for work.     

武警新兵体格、体成分和体能及其相关性

目的了解某武警部队入伍战士体格、体成分和体能及其相互关系,为评价新入伍战士的体质及体育运动水平提供参考依据。方法用常规法测量370名新兵体格、体成分和体能各指标;用踏梯运动实验法测量VO2max、PWC170。结果被调查对象中营养不良占4.0%,超重占10.5%,肥胖占3.5%。粗壮型肺活量指数低于匀称型和细长型(P<0.01,P<0.05),匀称型肺活量指数低于细长型(P<0.01);细长型VO2max明显高于粗壮型和匀称型(P<0.01);BMI与肺活量指数、VO2max呈正相关(r=0.490,r=0.490,P<0.01),维尔维克指数与肺活量指数呈正相关(r=0.439,P<0.01),其他各指标间相关性无统计学意义。在显著性水平0.10的条件下,分别以PWC170、VO2max和肺活量为应变量,以身高、体质量、腰围、臀围、体密度、去脂体质量、体质指数等因素为自变量进行多元逐步回归分析,所选入的有显著性的因素分别是:去脂体质量与PWC170、体密度与VO2max呈正相关,去脂体质量、胸围、体密度与肺活量呈正相关,但体质指数与肺活量呈负相关。结论武警新兵超重较严重,体脂含量是影响体能和运动水平的限制性因素。     

Three days fast in sportsmen decreases physical work capacity but not strength or perception-reaction time

This study investigates, in young nonobese healthy athletes, the consequences of a 3-day fast coupled, or not, to enhanced physical activity. Eight male subjects, aged 21+/-2 years, fasted for 3 days on two separate occasions, 4 weeks apart. On the first occasion, subjects continued their daily training activities. On the second occasion, a daily physical exercise program was added to these activities. Subjects were evaluated before and after 24 hours and 72 hours of fasting. Evaluation consisted of body composition, basal respiratory exchange ratio, plasma metabolic parameters, perception-reaction time (both simple and discriminant), hand grip strength, and physical work capacity at 170 beats per minute (PWC170). Fasting determined significant reductions in body weight, body fat, and muscle mass. These reductions were not affected by enhanced physical activity. Basal respiratory exchange ratio decreased with fasting but was not influenced by increased training activities. Fasting determined a significant decrease in blood glucose levels, while plasma proteins, urea, uric acid, and free fatty acids increased. Perception-reaction time and hand grip strength were unmodified during fasting. By contrast, PWC170 was significantly and progressively reduced during fasting, and this decrease was not reversed by an increase in training activities.