TNFα对IFNr诱导肿瘤细胞HLA—Ⅱ抗原表达的影响

本文用ＩＦＮｒ诱导人肿瘤细胞株表达ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗，并观察ＴＮＦα，ＢＣＧ－ＰＳＮ对ＩＦＮｒ诱导ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗原表达的影响。发现两株肿瘤细胞当ＩＦＮｒ为５００ｕ／ｍｌ时，诱导第４天ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ抗原表达；当ＴＮＦα，ＢＣＧ－ＰＳＮ分别与ＩＦＮｒ合用时，能诱导肿瘤细胞ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗原的高表达率。有助于增加肿瘤细胞的免疫原性，提高宿主免疫应答能力。     

TNFα对IFNr诱导肿瘤细胞HLA－Ⅱ抗原表达的影响

本文用ＩＦＮｒ诱导人肿瘤细胞株表达ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗原，并观察ＴＮＦα、ＢＣＧ－ＰＳＮ对ＩＦＮｒ诱导ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗原表达的影响。发现两株肿瘤细胞当ＩＦＮｒ为５００ｕ／ｍｌ时，诱导第４天ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗原表达最高；单用ＴＮＰα或ＢＣＧ－ＰＳＮ不能诱导ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ抗原表达；当ＴＮＦα、ＢＣＧ－ＰＳＮ分别与ＴＮｒ合用时，能诱导肿瘤细胞ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类抗原的高表达率，有助于增加肿瘤细胞的免疫原性。提高宿主免疫应答能力。     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体在卵巢癌中表达的免疫组化 …

目的;检测血管内皮生长因子（ＶＥＧＦ）及其受体（ＫＤＲ０在卵巢癌中的表达,并探讨其与卵巢癌发生的关系。方法：采用ＳＡＢＣ免疫组化染色法,对６６例卵巢肿瘤中,ＶＥＧＦ和ＫＤＲ的表达进行检测。结果：恶性,交界性及良性卵巢肿瘤中,ＶＥＧＦ和ＫＤＲ的表达率分别为７２．９％,７５．００Ａ％,３８．４６及５４．０５％,４３．７５％〈７．６９％;恶性肿瘤及交界性肿瘤ＶＥＧＦ和ＫＤＲ的表达,明显高于良性肿瘤。     

成年大鼠星形细胞经LPS、前炎症因子和免疫调节因子刺激后β-趋化因子的分泌

目的研究在中枢神经系统（ＣＮＳ）的炎症性疾病中,作为构成血脑屏障结构的组成部分之一,可引起白细胞浸润的星形细胞分泌趋化因子的影响因素。方法通过星形细胞体外培养,经不同细胞因子刺激,用原位杂交检测成年大鼠星形细胞β－家系趋化因子的ｍＲＮＡ表达。结果ＩＦＮ－γ可引起ＭＣＰ－１,ＲＡＮＴＥＳ,ＭＩＰ－１α和ＭＩＰ－１β的ｍＲＮＡ表达;ＴＮＦ－α可引起ＲＡＮＴＥＳ和ＭＩＰ－１β的ｍＲＮＡ表达;ＬＰＳ可引起ＭＩＰ－１α和ＭＩＰ－１β的ｍＲＮＡ表达。ＴＧＦ－β和ＩＬ－１０下调由ＬＰＳ引起的ＭＣＰ－１和ＭＩＰ－１α和ＭＩＰ－１βｍＲＮＡ表达。ＴＧＦ－β和ＩＬ－１０可抑制由ＴＮＦ－α引起的ＭＣＰ－１和ＲＡＮＴＥＳ的ｍＲＮＡ表达。ＩＬ－１０还可下调由ＴＮＦ－α引起的ＭＩＰ－１βｍＲＮＡ表达。结论成年大鼠体外试验中的星形细胞可由ＬＰＳ和前炎症因子刺激,产生β－家系趋化因子ｍＲＮＡ的表达。而调节因子如ＴＧＦ－β和ＩＬ－１０可抑制由ＩＦＮ－γ、ＴＮＦ－α和ＬＰＳ引起的β－家系趋化因子的ｍＲＮＡ表达。     

转铁蛋白受体介导肿瘤坏死因子α基因转移的抗肿瘤效果

肿瘤坏死因子α(ＴＮＦα)对多种肿瘤细胞产生直接杀伤。使用超分子复合物载体,通过受体介导内吞作用使ＴＮＦα基因转移到肿瘤细胞并表达,提高肿瘤局部ＴＮＦα浓度,可能激发和加强机体抗肿瘤免疫效应。构建转铁蛋白(ＴＦ)和多聚赖氨酸交联蛋白,ｐＳＶｋ3ＴＮＦα为含人ＴＮＦα全序列ｃＤＮＡ的真核细胞复制表达质粒,与交联蛋白静电引力结合成超分子复合物。体外基因转移分3组:超分子复合物处理组,不处理组和质粒单独处理对照组。基因转移后ＥＬＩＳＡ检测ＴＮＦα浓度;抽提细胞总ＲＮＡ,进行ＲＴＰＣＲ,引物序列1:5′ＧＣＣＡＴＴＧＧＣ…     

AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF ECG USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

ＡＵＴＯＭＡＴＩＣＣＬＡＳＳＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＥＣＧＵＳＩＮＧＡＲＴＩＦＩＣＩＡＬＮＥＵＲＡＬＮＥＴＷＯＲＫＳＡＵＴＯＭＡＴＩＣＣＬＡＳＳＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＥＣＧＵＳＩＮＧＡＲＴＩＦＩＣＩＡＬＮＥＵＲＡＬＮＥＴＷＯＲＫＳＣ．Ｌ．Ｐｅｎｇ，Ｚ．...     

逆转录病毒载体介导入GM—CSF基因转染肿瘤细胞

应用逆转录病毒载体ｐＺＩＰＮｅｏＳＶ介导入ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因转染肿瘤细胞获得表达。经Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ将含有人ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因的重组逆转录病毒功茶ｐＺＩＰ－ＧＭ转染兼性病毒包装细胞系ＰＡ３１７，继之用病毒睡获感染人肝癌细胞ＳＭＭＣ７７２１和人胃癌ＢＧＣ－８２３，经ＧＭ－ＣＳＦＪ依赖细胞株ＴＦ１活活和双抗体夹心法ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定表明：人ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因在人肿瘤中获得稳定高效表达。     

IMAGING OF EEG BY SPHERICAL HARMONIC ANALYSIS

ＩＭＡＧＩＮＧＯＦＥＥＧＢＹＳＰＨＥＲＩＣＡＬＨＡＲＭＯＮＩＣＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＩＭＡＧＩＮＧＯＦＥＥＧＢＹＳＰＨＥＲＩＣＡＬＨＡＲＭＯＮＩＣＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＹａｏＤｅｚｈｏｎｇ；ＹａｎｇＳｈａｏｇｕｏ（Ｄｅｐ．ｏｆＡｕｔｏ，ＵＥＳＴｏｆＣｈｉｎａ，Ｃ...     

COMPARISON OF BREAST MASS SIZE ON ULTRASONOGRAPHY,CUT-SURFACE OF RESECTED SPECIMEN,AND PALPATION

ＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＯＦＢＲＥＡＳＴＭＡＳＳＳＩＺＥＯＮＵＬＴＲＡＳＯＮＯＧＲＡＰＨＹ，ＣＵＴ－ＳＵＲＦＡＣＥＯＦＲＥＳＥＣＴＥＤＳＰＥＣＩＭＥＮ，ＡＮＤＰＡＬＰＡＴＩＯＮＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＯＦＢＲＥＡＳＴＭＡＳＳＳＩＺＥＯＮＵＬＴＲＡＳＯＮＯＧＲ...     

HCMV感染对单核细胞HLA－DR表达的影响

本文采用细胞ＥＬＩＳＡ法，研究发现人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）感染对单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ的影响。结果表明ＨＣＭＶ感染后１ｄ，单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），以后逐渐降低，ｄ５降至对照水平；ＩＦＮγ（５００Ｕ／ｍｌ）．ＴＮＦ（２５０Ｕ／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－６（５００／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－１（５００／ｍｌ）均能不同程度地刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，细胞因子刺激ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达的水平在感染后ｄ５，较对照组均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＬ－１＋ＩＦＮ－γ及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ－γ在刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达时有协同作用；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，ＩＦＮ－γ＋ＩＬ－１及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ协同刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达水平较对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：在ＨＣＭＶ感染引起免疫抑制过程中，其引起单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达降低是一重要机制。     

Tumor necrosis factor induces tumor necrosis via tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-expressing endothelial cells of the tumor vasculature

Activation of endothelial cells, fibrin deposition, and coagulation within the tumor vasculature has been shown in vivo to correlate with the occurrence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced tumor necrosis in mice. In the present study we investigated which target cells mediate the TNF-induced necrosis in fibrosarcomas grown in wild type (wt), TNF receptor type 1-deficient (TNFRp55-/-), and TNF receptor type 2-deficient (TNFRp75-/-) mice. TNF administration resulted in tumor necrosis exclusively in wt and TNFRp75-/-, but not in TNFRp55-/- mice, indicating a dependence of TNF-mediated tumor necrosis on the expression of TNF receptor type 1. However, using wt and TNFRp55-/- fibrosarcomas in wt mice, we found that TNF-mediated tumor necrosis was completely independent of TNF receptor type 1 expression in tumor cells. Thus we could exclude any direct tumoricidal effect of TNF in this model. Soluble TNF induced leukostasis in wt and TNFRp75-/- mice but not in TNFRp55-/- mice. TNF-induced leukostasis in TNFRp55-/- mice was restored by adoptive bone marrow transplantation of wt hematopoietic cells, but TNF failed to induce tumor necrosis in these chimeric mice. Because TNF administration resulted in both activation and focal damage of tumor endothelium, TNF receptor type 1-expressing cells of the tumor vasculature, likely to be endothelial cells, appear to be target cells for mediating TNF-induced tumor necrosis.     

Activated T cells induce macrophages to produce NO and control Leishmania major in the absence of tumor necrosis factor receptor p55

The ability to activate macrophages in vitro for nitric oxide production and killing of Leishmania major parasites is dependent on tumor necrosis factor, although L. major-infected mice lacking the TNF receptor p55 (TNFRp55(-/-) mice) or both the TNFRp55 and TNFRp75 (TNFRp55p75(-/-) mice) are able to produce NO in vivo and eliminate the parasites. Here we report that activated T cells cocultured with macrophages results in TNFR-independent activation sufficient to control parasites and that both CD40/CD40L and LFA-1 contribute to T-cell-mediated macrophage activation. Thus, anti-CD3-stimulated T cells activated TNFR-deficient macrophages, while T cells from CD40L(-/-) mice were partially defective in triggering NO production by TNFRp55p75(-/-) macrophages. Moreover, in the presence of gamma interferon, anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (MAb) activated TNFR-deficient macrophages. Finally, MAb blockade of LFA-1 completely inhibited macrophage NO production. Our data indicate that T cells can activate macrophages in the absence of TNF, thus providing a mechanism for how TNFR-deficient mice can control intracellular pathogens.     

The resistance against Listeria monocytogenes and the formation of germinal centers depend on a functional death domain of the 55 kDa tumor necrosis factor receptor

The biological functions mediated by the death domain of the 55-kDa tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFRp55) in vivo are still elusive. TNFRp55 mutants lacking a functional death domain were expressed in TNFRp55-/- and in TNFRp55+/- mice as transgenes under control of the H-2Kb promoter. Analysis of these animals revealed that signals originating from the TNFRp55 death domain are indispensable for the protection against Listeria monocytogenes, the expression of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) in the spleen and the development of splenic germinal centers. Furthermore, the transgenic coexpression of the TNFRp55 mutants in TNFRp55+/- mice exerts a dominant negative effect on the signaling of the endogenous receptor chains in vivo.     

Expression and functional significance of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in human tumor cells

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the key factors in tumor neoangiogenesis, acting through its receptors KDR (VEGFR-2) and fit-1 (VEGFR-1) expressed on endothelial cells. Our data demonstrate that VEGFR-1 and to a lesser extent VEGFR-2 are expressed in a number of human tumor tissues and derived cells in culture. VEGFR-1 protein is expressed in 26 of 42 glioma tissues, 22 of which show a coexpression of VEGFR-1 with VEGFR-2; 1 glioma tissue expresses exclusively VEGFR-2. In the derived glioma cell cultures, we found VEGFR-1 mRNA expression in 6 of 11 cultures, with one coexpressing VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. Of four established glioma cell lines, two expressed VEGFR-1. In addition VEGFR-1 protein expression was demonstrated in 30 of 37 tumor tissues of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, with VEGFR-2 coexpression in 15 tissues and an expression of VEGFR-2 alone in 1 tissue. Derived tumor cell cultures showed mRNA expression of VEGFR-1 alone in seven of seven cases. Established melanoma cell lines expressed VEGFR-1 mRNA in four of five lines, with VEGFR-2 coexpression in two lines. Concerning the functional significance of VEGF receptor expression, VEGF treatment of VEGFR-1-expressing tumor cells induced the inhibition of cell proliferation by 25 to 55% and the inhibition of tumor cell migration by 29 to 55%. Thus our data indicate that the coexpression of VEGF and VEGFR-1 in tumor cells could have an inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation and migration, a mechanism possibly induced as a response to a deficiency in nutrient and oxygen supply.     

E-cadherin nuclear staining is useful for the diagnosis of ovarian adult granulosa cell tumor

We recently have demonstrated nuclear localization of E-cadherin in ovarian adult granulosa cell tumors (Histopathology 2011;58:423). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the diagnostic utility of E-cadherin nuclear staining for the differential diagnosis between ovarian adult granulosa cell tumor and its morphological mimics. Tissue samples taken from 81 ovarian tumors and 20 extraovarian tumors were immunohistochemically stained using monoclonal anti-E-cadherin antibody recognizing cytoplasmic domain (clone 36 supplied by BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). The ovarian tumors consisted of 30 adult granulosa cell tumors, 3 Sertoli-stromal cell tumors, 14 fibrothecomas, 5 carcinoid tumors, 1 large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, 18 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, and 10 poorly differentiated serous adenocarcinomas. Extraovarian tumors consisted of 16 uterine endometrial stromal neoplasms and 4 pulmonary small cell carcinomas. Only tumor cells with nuclear staining were considered positive in this study. Ninety percent of adult granulosa cell tumors, 67% of Sertoli-stromal cell tumors, 64% of fibrothecomas, 75% of endometrial stromal neoplasms, 75% of small cell carcinomas, and the one large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma showed E-cadherin nuclear expression, whereas all the ovarian carcinoid tumors, endometrioid adenocarcinomas, and poorly differentiated serous adenocarcinomas were negative. E-cadherin nuclear staining is useful in distinguishing between adult granulosa cell tumors and ovarian adenocarcinomas or carcinoid tumors. However, it is of limited use for distinguishing between adult granulosa cell tumors and endometrial stromal neoplasms or small cell carcinomas. E-cadherin should be included in the immunohistochemical panel for an accurate diagnosis of ovarian adult granulosa cell tumors.     

RB tumor suppressor gene expression in hepatocellular carcinomas from patients infected with the hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but definite mechanisms by which it could play an etiologic role have not yet been identified. Modifications of the function of the RB tumor suppressor gene, which regulates the cell cycle, could provide such a mechanism. In the present study, the expression of the protein product of RB, pRB, was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in HCC tissues from 25 patients from China and the United States, adjacent nontumorous liver from 19 of those patients, five human HCC cell lines, three human hepatoblastoma cell lines, and five specimens of normal human liver. Representative samples were also evaluated by western blot. Altered expression of RB was detected in eight HCC tissues (pRB undetectable in five HCCs and detected in <1% of nuclei of HCC cells in three others); all eight had detectable hepatitis B surface or core antigen in the adjacent nontumorous liver, indicating active HBV infection. pRB was detected in 10--95% of nuclei (normal expression) in the remaining 17 HCCs, and in many nuclei in all 19 nontumorous livers, and in the 5 normal livers. No pRB staining was detected in the nuclei of three HCC cell lines, but pRB was detected in > 90% of nuclei of the other HCC and hepatoblastoma cell lines. The relationship of pRB expression to mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene was also examined. The absence of detectable nuclear pRB by immunohistochemical staining was associated with the presence of presumed mutant p53 detected by immunohistochemical staining in four out of five HCC cases. In addition, all three HCC cell lines lacking detectable pRB also had a p53 mutation or a p53 deletion. HCCs with altered pRB expression included more grade III and IV tumors (8/8,100%) than did HCCs with normal pRB expression (7/17, 41%) (P < 0.02), suggesting that abnormal pRB expression may be associated with more advanced histologic grades of HCC. These data indicate that interference with the normal function of the tumor suppressor gene RB or its product pRB, often with concomitant p53 mutation, may be one of several mechanisms that contribute to the development or progression of HCC in humans infected with HBV. © 1994Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

外源EGFP表达对肿瘤细胞体外生物学行为的影响

 摘要：目的 探讨常用的可视化细胞标记技术--外源EGFP表达对肿瘤细胞生物学行为的影响。 方法 选择不同的携带EGFP的载体,利用脂质体转染或慢病毒感染技术,在不同肿瘤细胞系中强制表达外源EGFP,筛选稳定表达外源EGFP的细胞系,MTT法检测细胞体外增殖能力;细胞分析计数仪（CasyTT型）检测细胞大小的分布状况; Transwell体外迁移实验检测细胞体外侵袭能力。结果 成功建立了稳定表达外源EGFP的人结肠癌细胞系HCT116-GFP、HCT116-EGFP、COLO 320DM-EGFP和小鼠树突状细胞肉瘤细胞系DG6-EGFP。 外源EGFP表达后,HCT116-GFP细胞的增殖能力没有明显改变;而HCT116-EGFP细胞、COLO320DM-EGFP细胞和DG6-EGFP细胞的体外增殖能力明显降低。外源EGFP表达后,HCT116-EGFP细胞体积增大：平均直径分别为14.53 μm（HCT116）和18.28 μm（HCT116-EGFP）;DG6-EGFP细胞体积无明显改变,平均直径分别为：16.43 μm（DG6）和16.58 μm（DG6-EGFP）。外源EGFP表达后,HCT116-EGFP细胞的体外侵袭能力明显降低,DG6-EGFP细胞体外侵袭能力无明显改变。结论 外源EGFP可视化标记细胞后,可能会影响肿瘤细胞的生物特性,利用这些模型进行科研时,需注意对相关指标的影响。     

OY-TES-1在肿瘤组织中的表达及生物信息学分析

目的:了解OY-TES-1mRNA及其蛋白在肿瘤组织中的表达情况,初步探讨其结构与功能.方法:利用定量PCR和免疫组织化学技术检测肿瘤组织中OY-TES-1的表达,结合生物信息学技术分析其结构和功能.结果:肿瘤与瘤旁组织中目的基因mRNA的表达频率分别为61.95%和59.57%,其中肝细胞癌72.97%、脑膜瘤55.56%、胶质瘤57.50%,肿瘤组织中该基因mRNA的表达量明显高于瘤旁组织.目的蛋白在胃癌的阳性率为25.00%,肝细胞癌40.00%,结肠癌46.67%,而瘤旁组织与肺癌均为阴性反应.生物信息学分析提示目的蛋白富含螺旋结构,具有一个信号肽、多种修饰位点及sp32结构域,存在较多T、 B细胞表位且主要位于目的蛋白的羧基端.结论:OY-TES-1mRNA及其蛋白均可在肿瘤组织中表达,生物信息学分析结果提示该蛋白功能的多样性.     

Critical stages of tumor growth regulation in transgenic mice harboring a hepatocellular carcinoma revealed by distinct patterns of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta mRNA production

There is now good evidence that cytokines contribute to the regulation of tumor growth. The cytokine-driven modulation of tumor growth was investigated during the progression of a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in SV40 large T tumor antigen transgenic mice. In vivo, an increased rate of liver growth correlated with increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 mRNA expression, while the greatest amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA were detected earlier during tumor development. Conversely, no particular alteration of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma mRNA production could be reported. In vitro, hepatocyte-like tumor cell lines established at two stages, either before or after HCC differentiation, were characterized. The early-stage-derived cell line produced TNF-alpha mRNA, but had barely detectable expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA, while later-stage- derived cell lines showed the reciprocal pattern. All cell lines displayed a lack of sensitivity to TNF-alpha, although some degree of sensitivity to TNF-alpha could be observed in the presence of actinomycin-D or after treatment with IFN-gamma. The early-stage- derived cell line was sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of TGF- beta 1, but late-stage-derived tumor cell lines displayed a loss of sensitivity to TGF-beta 1 which correlated with the increased expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA. Altogether, this suggests that tumor cells contribute to the discrete TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 expression patterns during HCC progression. This model of HCC could be of valuable interest to assess the impact of various immunotherapeutic strategies on modulation of tumor growth.      

卵巢幼年型颗粒细胞瘤临床病理观察

目的：探讨幼年型颗粒细胞瘤的临床病理学特点及诊断要点。方法：对2例幼年型颗粒细胞瘤进行临床资料、病理形态学及免疫组织化学观察，并结合文献对其诊断及鉴别诊断进行探讨。结果：2例镜下可见肿瘤细胞卵圆形或短梭形，胞质淡染，部分空泡状，成巢分布，呈多结节样生长，与周围卵巢组织有明显分界，局部区域有黏液样变性，血管丰富，部分细胞生长活跃，核分裂易见(5~7个/HPF)，核沟不明显，未见Call-Exner小体。免疫组织化学染色结果：ER、PR、Vimentin和α-inhibit阳性，Ki-67增殖指数25%~40%不等。结论：卵巢幼年型颗粒细胞瘤是一种少见肿瘤，易与其他肿瘤混淆导致误诊，其临床病理特点应引起临床医师重视。