回收式自体输血的临床研究

目的 :探讨术中自体血回收的安全性和效果。方法 :选择 5 2例择期手术病人 ,估计术中出血量大于 6 0 0ml,采用美国产CellSaver 5自动血液回收机收集术中出血 ,处理后回输 ;失血前、失血后、回输后 3个时点采血测血色素 (Hb)、血球压积(Hct)、电解质和血气分析。结果 :平均回收量 2 196± 6 2 0ml,平均洗涤量 5 172± 6 15ml,平均回输量 12 6 4± 4 18ml,其中 82 .7%(42 / 5 2 )未输库血 ;失血后与失血前、回输后与失血后比较Hb和Hct有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;K+ 回输前后变化显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血气无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :术中回收式自体输血安全有效 ,可以节约大量血源。     

自体血液回输在腰椎手术中的应用探讨

目的　探讨自体血液回输在腰椎手术中应用的必要性 ,以减少并发症 ,节约血源。方法　应用自体 2 0 0 0型血液回输机对 3 1例腰椎手术患者进行术中血液回输。结果　 3 1例患者平均回收源血量 (12 0 1± 619)ml ,经血液回收机处理回收红细胞浓缩液 (671± 2 78)ml。全部患者术中均无异体血输入。结论　腰椎手术患者术中失血量较多 ,应用自体血液回输能有效地减少自体血丢失和异体血的输入量 ,既可节约血源 ,又可减少异体血输入可能引起的多种传染病。     

骨科重大手术术中自体血回输的护理

目的探讨骨科重大手术术中自体血回输的护理要点。方法对2009年6月-2011年6月间收治的40例骨科重大手术术中使用自体2000型血液回收机,进行术中自体红细胞回输的护理要点进行分析讨论。结果 40例患者术中总出血量57 650 ml,回收32 572 ml,平均每例回收814 ml,有5例输入异体浓缩红细胞400～2000 ml。所有回收的洗涤红细胞于术中回输给病人,护理操作过程中未发生一例血液污染现象。40例患者术后顺利恢复,未见回输血不良反应。结论在当前血源紧张的情况下,骨科一些重大手术采用血液回收机将术中出血进行回收然后回输,达到了充分利用自身血,节约血源,减少异体输血不良反应的目的。     

回收式自体输血在肝脾外伤手术中的临床应用

目的 观察回收式自体输血在肝脾外伤手术中的应用效果.方法 2007年1月至2008年4月在48例肝脾外伤手术中应用CATS型自体血液回收机回收、回输术野血,全部病人均选择气管插管静吸复合全麻,术中监测有创血流动力学指标、呼气末二氧化碳(PetCO2)和Ⅱ导联心电图.术中将回收的洗涤红细胞回输,记录术野回收血量、回输血量(即洗涤后的浓缩红细胞)、异体输血量及不良反应.结果 48例患者平均每例回收术野出血(含冲洗液)1561ml,经洗涤处理后回输浓缩红细胞平均每例623ml.全组病人除3例输入新鲜冰冻血浆400ml以外,无肺水肿、心衰及创面异常出血等并发症.结论 术中自体血液回输能有效减少肝脾外伤手术中红细胞的丢失,维持有效循环,同时节约大量库存血,也无输血相关并发症和后遗症.     

85例术中应用国产血液回收机经验介绍

目的 总结85例术中应用国产自体-2000型血液回收机经验。方法 用国产自体-2000型血液回收机对85例患者进行外科手术中自体血回输。并对手术前后血色素进行比较。结果 85例患者平均每例回收原血2450ml，经血液回收机处理后,其中84例回输给患者，回输量平均每例1396ml。术后血色素测定趋于正常。83例患者手术后顺利康复。结论 国产自体-2000型血液回收机能及时回收失血，有效减少术中血液的丢失．维持有效循环．提高抢救成功率，节约用血，减少输血并发症。     

自体血液回输在腹腔内出血治疗中的应用(附262例报告)

目的探讨自体血液回收在腹部创伤内出血中的临床应用。方法回顾性分析262例腹部创伤后内出血，使用自体血液回收机进行自血回输的临床资料。结果本组262例腹部外伤性内出血，术中经自体回收机回输洗涤红细胞共196788ml，平均每例回输自体红细胞751ml，262例患者得到及时的救治，输血过程中无不良反应。术后因多种因素死亡5例。结论自体血液回收既解决了血源紧缺，又减少异体血输血过程的不良反应、感染和肿瘤细胞种植的危险性。     

体外循环在大血管手术自体血回输中的应用

目的 :探讨体外循环装置和技术在大血管手术中自体血回输中的应用。方法 :采用体外循环装置回收术中自体血 ,再根据平均动脉压 (MAP)回输 ,并记录术中出血量、回收血量、回收血及术毕 2 4h患者血中游离血红蛋白含量、血液培养、尿量及尿颜色。结果 :平均出血量 (4916± 188.5 )ml;平均回收血量 (45 30± 135 .7)ml,回收率达 92 .1%。全组术中、术后 2 4h尿量 >5 0ml/h ,颜色清亮 ,无血红蛋白尿 ,回收血、术后 2 4h患者血液细菌培养阴性。结论 :利用体外循环装置和技术在大血管手术中作自体血回输 ,可达到节约用血、减少输血并发症、保护血液的目的     

术中自体血回输对机体酸碱值、电解质及凝血的影响

目的观察术中自体血回输对患者血液酸碱值、电解质及凝血功能的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期手术病人26例,A组14例采用自体血回输技术,B组12例为对照组完全输注库血补充。结果A组回收原血(1488.4±392.7)ml,回输洗涤红细胞(746.2±21.6)ml,A组所有病例在术中均未输库血和血浆;节约用血19350ml,对照组出血量(1398.2±414.7)ml,输异体血(723.1±289.2)ml。两组输注后PH值均有下降趋势,但均在正常范围,对电解质、PT、APTT及ACT无明显影响(P>0.05)。结论术中自体血回输对患者血液酸碱值、电解质及凝血功能没有明显的影响。     

洗涤式自体血回输在心脏外科手术中的应用研究

目的探讨自体血回输在心脏外科手术中的应用价值。方法对50例手术患者采用京精Z-2000A血液回输机进行洗涤式自体血回输,并对患者手术前、后血红蛋白、红细胞压积（HCT）、血小板、活化部分凝血酶时间（APTT）等进行分析。结果50例患者术中回收原血66352 ml,经回收机处理后每例患者获得洗涤后浓缩红细胞为855 ml。所有患者无一例回输血过程中出现寒战、发热、溶血等不良反应。结论回收式自体血液回输可有效减少心脏外科大手术中血液丢失,减少异体血输注量,特别是在经济落后以及爱滋病、传染病高发地区更有临床意义。     

洗涤式自体血回输技术在骨外科手术中的应用及护理对策

目的：探讨洗涤式自体血回输技术在骨科手术中的应用和护理对策。方法骨科手术患者63例,施行手术时应用京精自体血液回收机回收术中血液,经处理后形成浓缩红细胞回输给患者,在治疗过程中实施术前护理、术中护理、术后病情观察及随访。结果63例患者,术中回输血量500～1800 ml,平均650 ml;所有患者均无输血反应,无过敏、溶血、感染等并发症;术后复查血常规、凝血功能、电解质和尿常规结果正常。均不需输入异体血。结论骨科手术中应用洗涤式自体血回输效果好、安全,细致的护理是手术成功的关键。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.