正常眼压性青光眼确诊时各指标间病变程度的关系

目的　考察正常眼压性青光眼 (normalpressureglaucoma ,NPG)患者确诊时的临床表现 ,探讨各指标间病变程度的关系。方法　 10 5例NPG患者 ,分析眼压曲线的平均状态、波动幅度和双眼对称性 ,观察视野和眼底C/D垂直径比值、盘沿缩窄和视网膜神经纤维层 (RNFL)改变。结果　眼压曲线双眼对称 ,总体波动水平位于 16mmHg上下 ,最高值在 10AM ,最低值在 10PM ,但10PM最低值高于年龄可比的正常人群的平均眼压 (P <0 0 1)。单值眼压分布位于 10～ 2 1mmHg ,峰值与谷值相差约 4mmHg。视野在 5 5例患者为单眼损害 ,在 14 9眼的视野损害中 ,绝大多数损害形态和部位与眼压升高的原发性开角型青光眼 (hp -POAG)相符合 ,但旁中心损害侵入中心固视区者约占 2 2 % ,而在轻度损害中约占 1/3。眼底C/D值右眼为 0 77± 0 15 ,左眼为 0 71± 0 16,二者均大于一般群体上限和早期hp -POAG患者的C/D值 (P <0 0 1) ,但在不同程度损害的视野中差异不显著 (P >0 10 ) ,盘沿缩窄和RNFL缺损的发生率分别为 5 0 %以上和 60 %以上 ,二者差异不显著 (P>0 0 5 )。结论　NPG患者的眼压在绝对值、波动幅度和双眼对称性上均与正常眼压各指标相一致 ,对诊断无定性价值。确诊时眼底C/D值大于早期hp -POAG的C/D值 ,盘沿缩窄和RNFL缺损的     

眼压不对称性与原发性开角型青光眼的关系

目的 :评价眼压不对称性在 40岁以上人群横断面研究中的发生率及其与原发性开角型青光眼 (primaryopen angleglaucoma ,POAG)的关系。方法 :在参加北京城乡限定区域人群眼流行病学调查的 4451例 (40～ 10 1岁 )受试者中 ,在散瞳前用非接触式眼压计测量双眼眼压。眼压不对称性的定义是双眼之间的眼压差别≥ 3mmHg。POAG诊断根据为存在典型的青光眼性视神经、视野改变及前房角开放。结果 :眼压被可靠测量者 43 89例。右眼压平均 (16 0 3± 3 2 5)mmHg ,左眼压平均 (16 0 8± 3 17)mmHg。总人群的不对称性眼压发生率为 2 0 0 1% (878/ 43 89) ,且随着年龄的增长而增大 ,在 40～ 49岁年龄组不对称性眼压的发生率为 18 4% ,而在 70岁以上年龄组达 2 6 6% (P =0 0 0 0 )。此外 ,不对称性眼压的发生率随着眼压水平 (以双眼的眼压较高眼为准 )增大而增高 ,在眼压≤ 16mmHg的受试者不对称性眼压发生率 9 7% ,17～ 2 1mmHg者 2 6 1% ,大于 2 1mmHg者 50 7% (χ2 检验 ,Ρ =0 0 0 0 )。在POAG患者不对称性眼压者占 3 5 4% ,正常人则占 18 2 % (P =0 0 0 0 )。结论 :在 40岁以上的人群中 ,无论其眼压水平如何 ,眼压不对称性是POAG的一个非常重要的危险因素     

药物降低眼压对正常眼压青光眼的治疗意义

目的　探讨对正常眼压青光眼人群合理用药降低眼压对视功能的保护作用。方法　对 18例 2 8眼正常眼压青光眼患者进行前瞻性研究。随机分成两组 ,一组为非治疗组 ;另一组为治疗组 ,予以 0 5 %噻吗心安治疗 ,每日 2次 ,随访时间为 3～ 4年 ( 4 1 18± 3 77)个月。采用Humphrey 63 0型视野分析仪的中心 3 0 2检查程序 ,观察和记录每次视野和眼压检查结果 ,并对数据进行相关分析。结果　治疗组眼压明显低于非治疗组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。两组视野平均缺损深度均较观察前加深 ,对照组与观察前相比有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而治疗组的差异无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ,两组相比结果有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;治疗组与对照组相比 ,出现新的视野缺损的人数比例明显低于后者(P <0 0 5 )。MD值与眼压存在明显相关关系 (r =0 92 ,P <0 0 1)。结论　眼压对正常眼压青光眼的视野改变有直接影响 ,合理用药降低眼压可以延缓正常眼压青光眼 (NTG)的视功能损害。除眼压外 ,还存在其他因素影响疾病发展。     

甲基纤维素诱导兔慢性高眼压的实验研究

目的　探讨甲基纤维素诱导兔慢性高眼压模型的优缺点及最适浓度。方法　将2 0只大白兔随机分为 、 组 ,分别对其右眼前房内连续注入 10 g· L- 1 及 2 0 g· L- 1 甲基纤维素 ,左眼前房内连续注入平衡盐液 ,直接眼压计每周测量 1次眼压 ,并对诱发的高眼压模型进行观察 5周。结果　 组右眼平均眼压 ( 2 8± 10 ) mm Hg( 1k Pa=7.5 m m Hg) , 组为 ( 32± 8) mm Hg, 组左眼平均眼压 ( 14± 6 ) mm Hg, 组为 ( 15± 5 ) mm Hg。 组 1眼术后 3d破裂 ,5眼角膜增大变形 ,4眼角膜新生血管形成。 组 3眼术后 3d破裂 ,6眼角膜增大变形 ,6眼新生血管形成。 2组实验眼光镜及电镜检查均有高眼压性眼底改变。结论　甲基纤维素诱导兔慢性高眼压模型具有方法简单、有效、安全、易行的优点 ,10 g· L- 1 甲基纤维素较 2 0 g· L- 1 甲基纤维素引起的并发症少 ,易于控制 ,更为实用     

正常眼压性青光眼视神经损害的临床观察

目的　探讨正常眼压性青光眼 (NPG)患者视神经损害的临床表现 ,综合性医院眼科从临床角度对NPG进行早期诊断。方法　对 2 6例NPG患者视神经损害所致眼底和视野改变的临床特点作回顾性系统分析。结果　视神经损害眼底表现为视盘盘沿形态改变和视网膜神经纤维层 (RN FL)缺损。引入盘沿宽度比概念 :以自身鼻侧盘沿宽度N为标准和下方盘沿宽度I作比较 ,N≥I为阳性指标 ,检出N≥I者 42眼 (占 80 77% ) ;对照以颞侧盘沿宽度T和下方宽度I比较 ,T≥I者 2 2眼 (占 42 3 1% )。两种方法经统计学处理 ,差异有非常显著性 (χ2 =14 5 6,P <0 0 1)。检出RNFL缺损 44眼 (占 84 62 % ) ,其中局限性缺损 3 5眼 ,弥漫性缺损 9眼。视野情况 :平均缺损MD为10 87dB± 2 41dB ,平均视野敏感度MS为 15 5 8dB± 3 0 8dB。检出不同程度视野形态缺损 3 7眼 ,阳性率为 71 15 %。结论　正常眼压性青光眼视神经损害主要表现为眼底视盘盘沿形态改变和RNFL缺损。盘沿形态改变以自身鼻侧盘沿宽度N为标准与下方盘沿宽度I相比较较合理 ,N≥I有诊断意义。视野改变为其提供重要诊断依据。     

小梁切除联合羊膜植入和巩膜瓣松解缝线术治疗难治性青光眼

目的　探讨小梁切除联合羊膜植入和巩膜瓣松解缝线术治疗难治性青光眼的疗效。方法　对完成追踪观察的 5 8例 (6 7只眼 )难治性青光眼患者施行小梁切除术 ,术中巩膜瓣下及结膜瓣下植入新鲜或贮存羊膜 ,联合应用巩膜瓣松解缝线术控制房水渗漏量。结果　术后随访 5～ 38个月 ,平均 19 5个月 ,其中≥ 12个月者占 79 1%。术后 12个月时 ,新生血管性青光眼的眼压由术前 (43 86± 7 12 )mmHg(1mmHg=0 133kPa)降至 (19 6 3± 2 5 7)mmHg(t=4 96 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,人工晶状体植入术后青光眼的眼压由术前 (40 31± 4 79)mmHg降至 (18 0 9± 2 2 1)mmHg(t=3 5 4 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,无晶状体性青光眼的眼压由术前 (37 94± 5 6 3)mmHg降至 (2 0 14± 3 15 )mmHg (t=5 12 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,青少年型青光眼的眼压由术前 (32 4 8± 3 98)mmHg降至 (16 5 4± 1 84 )mmHg(t=4 2 3,P <0 0 1) ,葡萄膜炎性青光眼的眼压由术前 (36 0 1± 4 13)mmHg降至 (18 11± 3 4 0 )mmHg(t=4 4 7,P <0 0 1) ,滤过性手术失败的青光眼眼压由术前 (34 4 3± 5 2 8)mmHg降至 (18 31± 1 5 2 )mmHg(t=2 0 5 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;患者手术前、后眼压比较 ,差异均有显著意义。功能性滤过泡形成率为 80 6 %。无排斥反应和严重并发症。结论     

近视伴高眼压症的眼压与中央角膜厚度的关系

目的 :探讨近视眼患者中高眼压症的眼压与中央角膜厚度的关系及其临床意义。方法 :用超声角膜测厚仪及非接触眼压计对 14例 2 8眼近视伴高眼压症患者的中央角膜厚度和眼压进行测定 ,并采用SPSS 10 .0作统计分析。结果 :14例 2 8眼的眼压范围为 2 0～ 2 9mmHg,平均 (2 3.88± 2 .2 6 )mmHg ;中央角膜厚度为 5 33～ 6 70 μm ,平均 (5 86 .5 0± 31.91) μm ;屈光度为 - 0 .75～ - 3.5 0D ,平均 - (1.5 0± 0 .6 9)D。应用SPSS(10 .0 )软件进行相关分析 :眼压与厚度经回归分析 ,直线方程式为 :Y(中央角膜厚度 ) =4 4 5 .15 1+5 .92 0X(眼压 ) ;眼压与屈光度的相关系数r =0 .35 5 ,P >0 .0 5。结论 :眼压与中央角膜厚度成正相关 ,与屈光度无相关性。近视眼中高眼压症的眼压升高与中央角膜厚度增加有关 ,提示近视眼伴高眼压症患者的真实眼压可能是正常的 ,只是由于中央角膜厚度的增加而使眼压的测量值升高。检测中央角膜厚度有助于更正确地估计实际的眼压值。     

疑似青光眼患者24h眼压变化规律

目的：分析疑似青光眼患者24h眼压的变化规律。

方法：收集疑似青光眼患者48例96眼,使用Accupen手持眼压计(24-3000)和NCT非接触眼压计(CT-80)测量24h眼压,自7：30开始,每2h测一次眼压,共12次,其中7：30～21：30测量坐位眼压,23：30～5：30测量坐位及卧位眼压。

结果：两种眼压计测量的传统体位下24h眼压峰值均出现在7：30,非接触眼压计测得的结果为22.05±3.608mmHg,手持式眼压计测得的结果为19.79±4.147mmHg。手持眼压计测得习惯性体位下眼内压峰值出现在5：30,平均21.64±4.814mmHg,且两种体位24h眼内压谷值均出现在21：30,谷值眼内压平均值为15.73±3.649mmHg。两种体位均呈夜间眼压逐渐升高,白天眼压逐渐下降的趋势。

结论：疑似青光眼患者眼内压峰值多出现在清晨,夜间卧位眼压值较坐位眼压值高。     

闭角型青光眼持续高眼压状态下手术治疗的回顾性分析

目的：探讨治疗高眼压持续状态的急性原发性闭角型青光眼患者的方法及其疗效。

方法：回顾性分析2013-01/2015-01在我院眼科住院治疗的持续高眼压状态的原发性闭角型青光眼患者45例46眼,患者年龄43～81(56.9±9.4)岁,术前常规进行视力、最佳矫正视力、裂隙灯、眼底、眼压、视野和眼B超检查。Ⅰ期局部麻醉下对患者行前房穿刺术,术后局部用醋酸泼尼松滴眼液和妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏点眼,联合降眼压滴眼液和甘油果糖注射液静滴等进一步控制眼压。术后第2d行小梁切除羊膜植入+前房注气(部分病例进行睫状体扁平部穿刺放液术)。术后随访观察视力、最佳矫正视力、眼压,裂隙灯、眼底检查和记录并发症发生情况。

结果：患者眼压在前房穿刺术后1、2d分别为21.4±5.2、20.3±4.8mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg),与术前眼压相比显著降低(F=492.601,P<0.01); 青光眼滤过手术后1、3、7d,1mo随访时眼压分别为20.1±4.8、14.9±2.7、13.6±2.7、14.5±2.2mmHg,与术前眼压分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=857.508,P<0.01); 常规青光眼滤过手术联合前房注气术后1d眼压与术后3、7d和1mo随访的眼压比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=10.191、10.950、9.523,P<0.01)。末次随访时100%形成功能性滤过泡,手术完全成功率为94%,部分成功率为7%,最佳矫正视力较术前显著提高(P<0.05),大部分患者恢复了有用的视力。术后3眼发生浅前房、2眼脉络膜脱离,未观察到恶性青光眼、脉络膜上腔出血、眼球萎缩等严重并发症发生。

结论：对持续高眼压状态的急性原发性闭角型青光眼患者先行前房穿刺术后择期行青光眼滤过联合前房注气手术是一种安全有效可行的手术方法,减少了术中、术后严重并发症,并能获得良好的眼压控制,改善大部分患者的视力。     

24小时眼压测量在疑似正常眼压性青光眼患者诊断的临床应用

目的:评价24h眼压测量在正常眼压性青光眼疑似患者诊断中的意义。方法:选择正常眼压性青光眼疑似患者51人(51只眼),进行24h眼压测量。结果:进入研究的51只眼中,只有18只眼(35.3%)的眼压在正常范围内且昼夜眼压波动小于6mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),33只眼(64.7%)出现昼夜眼压波动过大或峰值眼压高于21mmHg。24h眼压的昼夜波动值、均值及峰值分别比门诊多次眼压高4.65mmHg、1.64mmHg及3.96mmHg,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:24h眼压测量与门诊多次眼压相比,能更好地发现高眼压和昼夜眼压波动异常。     

Correlation of asymmetric glaucomatous visual field damage and water-drinking test response

PURPOSE: To determine whether there is a correlation between asymmetric glaucomatous visual field (VF) damage and water-drinking test (WDT) response. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of VF and WDT data from 101 patients with glaucoma in clinical therapy, who were receiving treatment with the same topical medication in both eyes, and asymmetric VF defect. Eyes were classified according to mean deviation (MD) into "better" and contralateral "worse" eyes. Maximum mean difference in basal IOP was 2 mm Hg between both eyes. The peak IOP and fluctuation obtained with the WDT were compared between both groups. For the statistical analysis, the Tukey post hoc multiple comparison test and paired t-test were used. RESULTS: Better and contralateral worse eyes presented mean MDs of -4.6 +/- 5.3 and -9.0 +/- 7.4 dB, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean basal IOPs were 13.9 +/- 3.3 and 13.9 +/- 3.1 mm Hg, respectively (P = 0.67). Mean maximum IOPs after water ingestion were 16.5 +/- 3.8 mm Hg in the group with less severe VF defect and 17.2 +/- 4.1 mm Hg in the contralateral group with worse visual fields (P < 0.001). Mean fluctuation (maximum IOP - minimum IOP after water ingestion) was 3.6 +/- 1.8 and 4.4 +/- 2.2 mm Hg (P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: Eyes with worse MDs presented higher IOP peaks and fluctuation after water ingestion. This study demonstrates a lower capacity of eyes with worse glaucomatous lesion to respond to a stimulus that leads to a transitory elevation of IOP.     

Target intraocular pressure and risk factors for progression of visual field loss in primary open-angle glaucoma

PURPOSE: Evaluation of intraocular pressure(IOP) control below the target level stated by Iwata and study of risk factors for progression of visual field loss in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) despite successful reduction of IOP. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Statistical difference of visual field deterioration between 27 eyes of POAG with IOPs above target levels and 48 eyes of POAG with IOP below target levels was examined for 28.1 +/- 10.2(mean +/- standard deviation) months. The relationship between the progression of visual field loss and factors of initial visual field loss, mean IOP, variance of IOP, peripapillary atrophy (zone beta), records of glaucoma surgery, age, and sex were studied in 48 patients(48 eyes) with IOPs below target levels. RESULTS: Eight of the 48 eyes(16.7%) showed progression of visual field loss with IOPs below their target levels whereas 15 of the 27 eyes(55.6%) had IOPs above their target levels(p = 0.002). The risk factors for the progression of visual field loss in POAG despite good control of IOP were severity of initial visual field loss(p = 0.003), peripapillary atrophy(p = 0.002), and male sex(p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The control of IOP below target level is beneficial for patients with POAG. However, the risk factors which represent circulatory damage, such as peripapillary atrophy, may have a bad influence on the continuing deterioration of visual fields in patients with severe visual field damage, independently of good control of IOP.     

The influence of the intraocular pressure on the visual field of low tension glaucoma

To study the effect of the intraocular pressure (IOP) on the visual field (VF) damage in low tension glaucoma (LTG), we compared the IOP and the VF damage in both eyes of 46 LTG patients. As an index of the VF damage, we used the mean deviation (MD) value calculated by the Humphry (30-2) STATPAC program, and for the IOP data, the mean of 24 hour IOP measurements (diurnal IOP) and the mean of the IOPs measured at each visit to our outpatient clinics (follow-up IOP). In 13 cases, the diurnal and the follow-up IOPs were 0.3 mmHg higher or more in the more damaged eye than those in the less damaged eye, and in 7 cases they were 0.3 mmHg higher or more in the less damaged eye than those in the more damaged eye. Between these two groups, no significant difference was seen in the value of MD, but the diurnal IOP and the follow-up IOP was significantly higher in the former than in the latter group. By discrimination analysis, the two groups were distinguished at the diurnal IOP of 14.1 mmHg (hit rate 77.6%) and the follow-up IOP of 15.0 mmHg (74.2%). An analysis using the whole 46 LTG cases yielded the following results: when the diurnal or follow-up IOP of the more damaged eye was higher than the above determined level, the IOP in the more damaged eye was significantly higher than that in the contralateral less damaged eye.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effects of orally administered beta-adrenergic blockers and calcium-channel blockers on the intraocular pressure of patients with treated hypertension.

Little attention has been paid to the influence of orally administered antihypertensive drugs on intraocular pressure (IOP). Therefore, we evaluated the effects of oral medications on the IOPs and visual fields of 70 patients with systemic hypertension who had no ocular symptoms and had not visited any eye hospital. In patients with systemic hypertension treated with medication, the IOP value (mean, 18.3 +/- 4.2 mmHg; age range, 63.3 +/- 11.6 years) was significantly higher than in a control group with a similar age range who were not receiving oral medication (mean, 13.7 +/- 2.0 mmHg; age range, 62.5 +/- 7.8 years). In the group in which hypertension was controlled by medication, the IOPs were lower when orally administered beta-adrenergic blockers were given than in those patients with uncontrolled hypertension. In the group to whom calcium-channel blockers were administered orally, the IOPs were not lower. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors made the visual fields worse. This study suggests a modulating influence of orally administered drugs on the IOP and visual fields, which may be affected by whether or not the patient's blood pressure is controlled.     

体位对青光眼患者眼压的影响

目的：研究不同体位对青光眼患者眼压的影响。 方法：选择术前住院患者原发性开角型、闭角型青光眼和正常眼压者各30例,测量其坐位、半坐卧位、仰卧位、侧卧位、俯卧位时眼压的变化;观察30例住院的青光眼患者眼压增高时体位的情况。 结果：三组患者不同体位所测平均眼压值中,均以卧位最高。左右侧卧位时下一侧眼的眼压比上一侧眼的眼压高。两两比较时坐位与半坐卧位、仰卧位与俯卧位之间眼压值无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。仅坐位、半坐卧位与各种卧位之间比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察30例住院的青光眼患者眼压增高时以患侧卧位为主占70%,患者不能躺卧,被迫坐位。 结论：青光眼患者采取头高位及避免患眼侧卧位有利于眼压的控制。     

Long-term intraocular pressure fluctuation and visual field progression in glaucoma patients with low intraocular pressure after post-trabeculectomy phacoemulsification.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation and visual field progression in glaucoma patients with low IOP after post-trabeculectomy phacoemulsification. METHODS: A total of 688 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (CPACG) were included in this study. The patients always had an IOP below 18 mmHg after post-trabeculectomy phacoemulsification. Visual field testing using the standard automated perimetry was periodically performed at 3 months and for at least 3 years postoperatively. The mean deviation on visual field was compared according to the standard deviation (SD) of the postoperative IOP (SD < or = 2 mmHg group vs. SD > 2 mmHg group). RESULTS: Preoperative and postoperative IOPs during the follow-up period did not differ significantly between the two study groups. Even though the mean deviations on visual field at postoperative 3 months were not different between the two groups, the mean deviations at the last follow-up were significantly worse in the postoperative IOP SD > 2 mmHg group than the postoperative IOP SD < or = 2 mmHg group. CONCLUSIONS: Less postoperative IOP fluctuation was statistically associated with a slower progression of visual field damage in POAG and CPACG patients who kept low IOPs after the post-trabeculectomy phacoemulsification.     

Intraocular pressure with rebound tonometry and effects of topical intraocular pressure reducing medications in guinea pigs

AIM: To investigate the intraocular pressure (IOP) of adult guinea pig eyes with rebound tonometry (RBT), and assess the effects of four distinctive topical IOP reducing medications including Carteolol, Brimonidine, Brinzolamide and Latanoprost. METHODS: The IOPs of twenty-four 12-week-old guinea pigs (48 eyes) were measured every two hours in one day with RBT as baselines. All the animals were then divided into four groups (Carteolol, Brimonidine, Brinzolamide and Latanaprost groups, n=6). The IOPs were measured and compared to the baseline 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 15 and 24h after treatment. RESULTS: The mean baseline IOP of 24 guinea pigs (48 eyes) was 10.3±0.36 mm Hg (6-13 mm Hg) and no binocular significant differences of IOPs were observed (t=1.76, P>0.05). No significant difference of IOP in Carteolol group at each time point was observed before and after treatment (t=1.48, P>0.05). In Brimonidine group, IOP was 2.2±1.9 mm Hg lower than the baseline after one hour (t=3.856, P=0.003) and lasted for one hour. In Brinzolamide group, IOP was 1.4±1.1 mm Hg lower than the baseline after one hour (t=4.53, P=0.001) and lasted for 7h and the IOP declined most at 3h. In Latanaprost group, IOP was 2.1±1.3 mm Hg lower than the baseline after one hour (t=6.11, P=0.001) and lasted for one hour. CONCLUSION: The IOP of guinea pig eyes is relatively stable compared to human eyes. In four reducing IOP medications, no significant effect of Carteolol is observed. Brinzolamide has the longest duration, while the Brimonidine has the shortest duration and the maximum level of treatment.     

高眼压症中央角膜厚度与眼压关系的临床观察

目的 评价高眼压症患者中央角膜厚度(CCT)与眼压(IOP)的关系,并探讨CCT在判断高眼压症患者是否给予降眼压药物干预治疗中的临床意义.方法 对54例(108只眼)高眼压症患者进行非接触眼压计检测和超声角膜厚度测量,并对校正眼压＜21 mmHg的患者31例62只眼(占57.4%)不予降眼压治疗,追踪观察其眼压、视野、视乳头以及视网膜神经纤维层的情况.结果 IOP随CCT增加而增高,并呈正相关(CCT每增加100μm,IOP将随之增加2.1mmHg).对校正眼压＜21mmHg的患者不予降眼压治疗,随访24～36个月,平均30个月,其中1例2只眼出现视野改变,发生率为1.85%.结论 中央角膜厚度测量可以作为高眼压症与青光眼进行鉴别诊断,以及判断高眼压症能否发展为青光眼的重要依据,常规测量高眼压症患者的CCT并校正其眼压,对高眼压症患者的合理处置非常重要,对校正眼压＜21mmHg的患者可以不需降压药物干预治疗,仅需密切随访.     

Association between intraocular pressure and loss of visual field in chronic simple glaucoma.

This paper reports the analyses on data from 747 patients with chronic simple glaucoma (CSG) recorded in the King's College Hospital glaucoma data base between January 1970 and February 1985, having a mean follow-up time of 5.1 years (mode 8 years) with the object of determining the relationship of intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual field loss in CSG. A highly significant negative relationship was found between the presenting visual field coefficient (FC) and the untreated IOP (r = -0.26, p = 0.0001) - that is, the higher the IOP on detection, the worse is the visual field. A weak negative correlation was present between the change of FC per year and the treated IOP (r = -0.06), p = less than 0.05). At treated IOPs less than or equal to 18 mmHg visual field loss averaged 0.6 unit per year and for IOPs greater than 18 mmHg the average loss was 1.2 units per year. The data confirm both the importance of a raised IOP in the causation of chronic glaucomatous visual field loss and the importance of reducing the IOP in patients with chronic simple glaucoma.     

Correlation between intraocular pressure level and optic disc changes in high-tension glaucoma suspects

PURPOSE: To assess the correlation between intraocular pressure (IOP) and future optic disc changes in eyes of patients suspected of having high-tension glaucoma and to determine the target pressure in eyes of patients suspected of having high-tension glaucoma. DESIGN: Prospective, comparative, observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-seven eyes of 57 patients suspected of having high-tension glaucoma selected from 226 consecutive patients with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma. INTERVENTION: The status of the optic disc and visual fields was evaluated during an initial examination by confocal laser ophthalmoscopy and automatic perimetry, respectively. Fifty-seven eyes were followed up for at least 2.5 years and then underwent a final examination. IOP was measured every 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The correlation between changes in optic disc status and IOP control during follow-up was determined. Changes in the optic disc were evaluated by using the percentage change in total contour area, neuroretinal rim area, and cup-to-disc ratio. The control IOPs were evaluated on the basis of the percentage of time during which IOP was <18 mmHg (%<18 mmHg control) and <21 mmHg (%<21 mmHg control) during follow-up in each eye. The correlation between visual field changes and IOP control was also analyzed. RESULTS: Results from 48 (84.2%) of 57 participants were included. Patients were followed up for a mean 4.4 years. The %<21 mmHg control was significantly correlated with changes in neuroretinal rim area (r = 0.40; P = 0.0055) and in cup-to-disc ratio (r = -0.40; P = 0.0051) by linear regression analysis. The correlations were also significant if the difference in the length of follow-up was adjusted by multivariate regression analysis. There was no significant correlation between %<18 mmHg control and changes in disc parameters. Seven (14.6%) of 48 eyes had glaucomatous visual field defects at the final examination. The %<21 mmHg control was significantly lower in eyes with visual field changes compared with eyes with no changes (P = 0.0153; unpaired t test). In contrast, %<18 mmHg control was not significantly different between eyes with and without visual field changes (P = 0.3886). CONCLUSIONS: The IOP level correlates with topographic changes in the optic disc in eyes of patients suspected of having high-tension glaucoma. The target pressure for such eyes may need to be between 18 and 21 mmHg, and <18 mmHg is a safe target level in the treatment of patients suspected of having high-tension glaucoma to delay topographic optic disc changes.