Prevalence of overweight and associated factors in adults: a population survey in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil, 2007-2008

Population studies in Brazil have shown an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in adult populations in all regions of the country. The objective was to estimate prevalence and identify risk factors associated with overweight among adults in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil. The study included a cross-sectional population-based sample of 1,469 adults. Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression, taking overweight (BMI > 25kg/m2) as the dependent variable. Prevalence of overweight was 46.9%, higher among women. Overweight tended to increase with age in both men and women. Overweight was associated with socioeconomic, demographic, and morbidity variables such as hypertension and dyslipidemia. The high prevalence of overweight in adults of both sexes suggests a public health problem. Control measures and prevention of health risks associated with excess weight are necessary.     

Cancer mortality trends in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil, 1980-2006

Time trends in cancer incidence and mortality in the Western Amazon remain unknown. This study explored age-standardized cancer mortality rates according to anatomical site in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil, by constructing linear regression time trend models. Cancer mortality showed an increasing but inconstant trend in men and stability in women. At the end of the time series, the highest cancer rates among women were for the cervix, lung, liver and intrahepatic biliary tract, stomach, and breast. Among men, the highest rates were for cancer of the lung, prostate, liver and intra-hepatic biliary tract, stomach, and esophagus. The study showed an increasing mortality time trend for cancer of the prostate, breast, and lung and declining mortality rates for cervical cancer in women, lung cancer in men, and stomach cancer in both sexes. The high mortality rate from liver cancer merits attention, considering the high hepatitis B and C infection rates in the State of Acre.     

Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables by university students in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

This cross-sectional study with university students examined the prevalence of regular consumption of fruits and vegetables and associated factors among students at a Federal university in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil. 863 undergraduates were interviewed in 2010. Overall prevalence of regular consumption of fruits and vegetables was 14.8%. Factors associated with regular consumption of fruits and vegetables were: socioeconomic classes A and B (PR = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.10-2.62), living with a partner (PR = 1.53; 95%CI: 1.02-2.29), regular physical activity (PR = 1.69; 95%CI: 1.11-2.56), and consumption of fast food twice a week or less (PR = 1.49; 95%CI: 1.04-2.13). A minority of the students met the recommendation to consume fruits and vegetables 5 or more days a week. Regular fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with socioeconomic status and healthy habits such as physical exercise and low consumption of fast food.     

Self-rated health and associated factors in adults: a population survey in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil, 2007-2008

The subjective concept of health included in the self-rated health process allows identifying factors associated with good self-rated health in populations. This cross-sectional population-based study in 2007-2008 focused on self-rated health and associated factors among adults (n = 1,516) in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil. The multivariate analysis used Poisson regression, with fair/poor self-rated health as the dependent variable. Differences in gender, age group, level of schooling, and income negatively affected individuals' self-rated health. After adjusting for age, gender, and self-reported illness, the estimated risks for fair/poor health were higher for the unemployed, obese, and those with some self-reported illness. The results suggest that differences in living conditions for adults in Rio Branco are associated with precarious self-rated health.     

Factors associated with non-participation in screening for cervical cancer in Southern Brazil

Early detection of cervical cancer substantially increases the probability of cure. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with non-participation in cervical cancer screening among women 15 to 49 years of age in Rio Grande, Southern Brazil. A representative survey was carried out using a systematic sample based on a census tract. Trained interviewers used standard, individualized, household questionnaires to interview the women. Data analysis used logistic regression according to a previously determined hierarchical framework. Among 1,302 women interviewed, 57% had never had a Pap smear. The risk factors most closely associated with non-participation in screening were black or brown skin color, young age, low family income, low schooling, living alone, and first childbirth after 25 years of age. Coverage for early detection of cervical cancer was very low. In addition, women at high risk of developing cervical cancer were shown to have a significantly higher risk of non-participation in this type of screening.     

Breastfeeding patterns in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil: a survey of reasons for weaning

This paper presents a preliminary profile of infant feeding practices in a peri-urban Amazonian community. A random sample of 180 households with at least one child under the age of five years were interviewed in 1996 as part of a maternal-child health survey conducted in a peri-urban neighborhood in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Since some households had more than one child under the age of five, data were collected for a total of 250 children. The results of the survey indicate that initiation of breastfeeding is nearly universal, with 96.0% of women breastfeeding their infants at birth. However, many mothers terminate breastfeeding before the recommended age. Forty-five percent of infants are weaned before six months and 62.0% are weaned before 12 months. The survey also reveals that mothers give supplemental food and drink at an early age. Finally, while women give a variety of responses for why breastfeeding was terminated, the most common answer (42.0%) was that the infant refused the breast. The meaning and implications of this response merit further investigation.     

Prevalence of antidepressant use and associated factors among adults in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 2006

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and determinants of antidepressant use among adults in a city in southern Brazil. The cross-sectional study was based on interviews with adults 40 years or older living in the urban area of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 2006. The chi-squared test was used for comparisons between proportions. Non-conditional logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis, with robust adjustment for variance. A total of 1,327 adults were interviewed, of whom 9.3% had used antidepressants. Use of antidepressants was significantly associated with female gender (OR: 2.45; 95%CI: 1.50-4.02), higher socioeconomic status (OR: 2.07; 95%CI: 1.28-3.34), and unemployment (OR: 1.65; 95%CI: 1.06-2.55). The prevalence of antidepressant use was higher than in other studies. Identification of individual determinants of use can serve as the basis for strategies to decrease the consumption of antidepressants in these groups.     

Evolution of uterine cervical cancer mortality from 1979 to 1998 in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

A decrease in uterine cervical cancer (CC) mortality has been observed in developed countries. However, mortality data in Brazil suggest that CC is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death in women; it is the fourth cause of death from cancer in women in Rio Grande Sul State. A time-trend ecological study was performed to analyze CC mortality trends in Rio Grande do Sul from 1979 to 1998. Data were collected from the Mortality Information System, Brazilian Ministry of Health (DATASUS). Standardized mortality ratios were calculated and linear regression was used for time-trend analysis. The impact of cervical cancer death on life expectancy was also estimated for the study population using potential years of life lost (PYLL). Standardized mortality ratios during the study period revealed a positive linear trend of 0.17, and the mean annual mortality rate was 7.58/100,000. Cervical cancer accounted for 21.9 +/- 1.33 PYLL during the period. In conclusion, although CC is a preventable and curable disease, an increase is observed in mortality from this cause in Rio Grande do Sul State, which may suggest failure in screening programs for cervical cancer.     

Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Adults from Rio Branco,Acre in the Western Brazilian Amazon

This study aimed to assess factors associated with overweight and obesity in adults from Rio Branco, Acre, in the western Brazilian Amazon. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in Rio Branco, which used data on individuals aged 18 years or older collected by the 2019 National Health Survey. Software R version 4.0.5 was used to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Multiple analysis was performed by Poisson’s regression with robust variance and hierarchical selection of variables. This study included 1217 adults. The prevalence of overweight was 58.2% (95%CI: 54.7–61.6) and of obesity, 20.1% (95%CI: 17.2–23.4). The factors associated with overweight were arterial hypertension (AdjPR: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.31–1.61), physical inactivity (AdjPR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.04–1.36), age group (25–39 years, AdjPR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.10–2.00; 40–59 years, AdjPR: 1.69; 95%CI: 1.28–2.23; 60 years or older, AdjPR: 1.37; 95%CI: 1.01–1.87); and smoking (AdjPR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.41–0.93). The factors associated with obesity were arterial hypertension (AdjPR: 1.80; 95%CI: 1.41–2.30) and diabetes mellitus (AdjPR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.08–2.13). Smoking and female sex remained in the hierarchical model for obesity, even without statistical significance. Despite intervention guidelines for these chronic diseases, there is a need for the public recognition of overweight and obesity and their possible associated factors in the Amazon and other regions with similar socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.     

Prevalence of childhood stress and associated factors: a study of schoolchildren in a city in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

This was a cross-sectional school-based study of 883 fourth-grade elementary schoolchildren at private (5), municipal (18), and State (11) schools in a city in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The objective was to identify the prevalence of childhood stress and its associated factors. The assessment used the Lipp & Lucarelli Childhood Stress Scale (2005) and a parental questionnaire. The results showed 18.2% stress prevalence in the schoolchildren. Factors associated with stress according to bivariate analysis were: gender (female), age (> 10 years), type of school (public), parents' marital status (not married), family relationship (fair/bad), social interaction (fair/bad), child's autonomous activities (lack of), and parents schooling' (elementary). After Cox regression, gender and social interaction remained in the final model as the factors associated with stress, demonstrating that girls and children with fair or bad social interaction had an increased likelihood of stress. The results point to the importance of early detection of childhood stress and the need for preventive measures to relieve the suffering caused by stress in so many children.     

Prevalence and spatial distribution of intestinal parasitic infections in a rural Amazonian settlement, Acre State, Brazil

A population-based survey of the prevalence and spatial distribution of intestinal parasitism was carried out in an agricultural settlement in the Amazon Basin of Brazil (Granada, Acre State). More than half (53.4%) of the 429 stool specimens from subjects in all age groups, living in 113 households, had cysts, ova, or larvae of intestinal parasites. The most prevalent parasites were Giardia duodenalis (19.6%) and soil-transmitted helminths (12.7%); 105 (24.5%) subjects were infected with more than one species of parasite. Significant age-related differences in prevalence were only found for G. duodenalis (children < 1 year and adults > 30 years were less affected). Six households (5.3%), situated within a radius of 690m, comprised 48.1% of all subjects harboring soil-transmitted helminths in our study area. Households within this cluster were poorer and more crowded than those outside the cluster. The observed spatial clustering of infections with soil-transmitted helminths provides valuable information for the spatial targeting of sanitary interventions in this area.     

Prevalence of wheezing and associated risk factors among infants in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil

The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of wheezing in infants (< 1 year of age) in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil, and to identify associated risk factors. Sample and methods: the study was performed according to the protocol of the International Study of Wheezing in Infants (EISL) in children ranging from 12 to 15 months of age. The sample was analyzed for presence or absence of wheezing. A total of 1,071 parents of children ranging from 12 to 15 months of age were interviewed. Prevalence of wheezing in the first year of life was 43%, with no difference between the sexes. Wheezing in the first year of life was associated with pneumonia, family history of asthma, more than nine episodes of upper airway infection, and the first cold before six months of age (p < 0.001). Prevalence of wheezing in the first year of life was high in Recife. Early onset (and high number) of colds, family history of asthma, and pneumonia were associated with wheezing in these children.     

Pap smear screening for the control of cervical cancer in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 2002

This article analyzes the implementation of Pap smears by the Cervical Cancer Control Program in 2002 in women 25-59 years of age residing in 850 municipalities (counties) in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Cluster analysis was performed to classify municipalities by: number of Pap smears performed; test findings; and adequacy of slides. The variable "satisfactory slide, but limited by" was the principal factor for classifying municipalities into 5 clusters. Spatial representation of clusters indicated a more critical situation in the North, Jequitinhonha, Vale do Mucuri, and Vale do Rio Doce "meso-regions" of Minas Gerais and identified operational problems resulting from inadequate collection of material, with more "desiccated" slides observed in the North of the State and more slides with "absent endocervical cells" in the Center and South. The methodology allowed identifying clusters of municipalities with problems in the screening process, related to quality of sampling and fixing and reading of slides.     

Congenital malformations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

This study aims to estimate the prevalence of congenital malformations and their correlation with socioeconomic and maternal variables. The design was cross-sectional, based on a sample of 9,386 postpartum women after admission for childbirth in maternity hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were collected through interviews with mothers in the immediate postpartum, as well as by consulting the patient records of both the mothers and newborn infants. Prevalence of congenital malformations at birth was 1.7%, and minor malformations were the most frequent. Neural tube defects were the most frequent major malformations. According to multivariate analysis, congenital malformations were statistically associated with: maternity hospitals belonging to or outsourced by the Unified National Health System (SUS) and inadequate prenatal care (相似文献   

Time Trend of Overweight and Obesity in Adults from Rio Branco,Acre, Western Brazilian Amazon (2006–2020)

This study aimed to analyze overweight trend and obesity in adults from Rio Branco, Acre, Western Brazilian Amazon, from 2006 to 2020. This is a time series study, with data from Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL). To estimate annual percentage change (APC) and 95% confidence intervals, the software Jointpoint Regression Analysis v.4.6.0.0., was used. In Rio Branco, overweight prevalence ranged from 44.0% in 2006 to 58.9% in 2020, with a bigger frequency among men than that among women. Obesity prevalence has increased from 12.5% in 2006 to 21.4% in 2020, similar between both sexes. From 2006 to 2020, overweight APC was 5.2% (95% CI: 1.4; 9.1) by 2010, and decreased to 1.3% by 2020. Public policies to control obesity and its risks must be both, implemented as strengthened.     

Prevalence and factors associated with dental pain that prevents the performance of routine tasks by civil servants in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of dental pain preventing the performance of routine tasks and to assess its association with socioeconomic factors, minor psychiatric disorders, number of missing teeth, and dental consultation patterns. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-completed questionnaire answered by 4,030 administrative employees at a university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (the Pró-Saúde Study). Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Prevalence of toothache preventing the performance of routine tasks in the two weeks prior to the interview was 2.9% (95%CI: 2.5-3.6). Men (OR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1-2.4), individuals with minor psychiatric disorders (OR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2-2.6), individuals with extensive tooth loss (OR = 3.4; 95%CI: 1.5-7.8), and those failing to appear for regular dental checkups (OR = 2.5; 95%CI: 1.8-17.3) showed increased odds of experiencing dental pain. Dental pain was an important problem in this population. Unfavorable living conditions and lack of regular dental checkups increased the odds of dental pain.     

Immunization stress-related responses presenting as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures following HPV vaccination in Rio Branco,Brazil

ImportanceThe absence of a positive diagnosis of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) in immunization stress-related response (ISRR) clusters may have not only a direct impact on affected patients’ health but may also reduce compliance to national vaccination programs. It is therefore crucial to develop efficient diagnostic tools and a feasible proposal for proper communication and treatment of ISRR.PurposeTo explore the psychogenic nature of patients’ convulsive seizures in a suspected outbreak of an ISRR cluster following human papillomavirus vaccination in Rio Branco, Brazil.MethodsTwelve patients with convulsive seizures were submitted to prolonged intensive video-electroencephalography monitoring, brain magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid diagnostic testing, laboratory subsidiary examinations, and complete neurological and psychiatric evaluations.ResultsTen patients received the positive diagnosis of PNES, and two patients received the diagnosis of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. No biological association was found between the HPV vaccine and the clinical problems presented by the patients.ConclusionsProlonged VEEG monitoring can contribute significantly to the positive diagnosis of PNES in ISRR clusters and to avoid hesitancy to vaccinate.