宿主与HIV-1病毒的相互作用

人类获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)主要由人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)引起。近10年对HIV-1编码基因的功能研究结果促进了抗病毒药物的发展,如能直接抑制HIV-1基因编码的酶(逆转录酶和蛋白酶)的药物。但由于病毒突变所导致的耐药性及药物的不良反应等使这些药物不能很好的控制AIDS的发展。若没有合适的宿主因素,病毒将不能进行复制及引起疾病,通过调控宿主因素有可能防治病毒引起的疾病。本文对近年宿主与HIV-1相互作用的研究进展作简要论述。     

HIV-1NefR作用机制的研究进展

人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)在病毒学上属于逆转录病毒科,慢病毒属。目前发现两种HIV,分别为人类免疫缺陷病毒-1(HIV-1)和人类免疫缺陷病毒-2(HIV-2),两者具有相似的病毒结构和传播途径。HIV-2毒力和传播力都低于HIV-1,它引起的艾滋病(AIDS)病程也较缓和。HIV-1是目前引起全世界AIDS流行的主要病原,其感染人群占全球HIV感染者的     

重组腺病毒表达载体介导艾滋病毒Vif蛋白调控KSHV潜伏感染的初探

目的:利用AdEasy腺病毒载体系统包装含人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(艾滋病毒:HIV-1)病毒体感染性因子(Vif)的重组腺病毒,使之感染原发性渗出性淋巴瘤细胞系BCBL-1细胞,并检测Vif蛋白对细胞中卡波济肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(Kaposi'ssarcomaassociated herpesvirus,KSHV)潜伏感染与...     

人免疫缺陷病毒基因分型研究概况

人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)是获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的病原体。根据血清学反应和病毒核酸序列测定将HIV分为HIV-1和HIV-2两型,本文就HIV-1基因的分子特性、HIV基因分型技术、HIV-1基因亚型分类、HIV-1亚型流行特点及其地域分布及HIV-1基因分型在病毒研究中的作用等进行讨论。     

抗耐药性HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂的分子设计策略

在抗艾滋病化学治疗中,HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂发挥着重要的作用,但是随着HIV-1病毒不断变异产生的耐药性,如何开发出抗耐药性的HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂已成为抗艾滋病药物研发的热点。同时,多种抗耐药性HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂的分子设计策略被提出并用于抗艾滋病药物研究,这些策略包括：基于“底物包膜”假说的设计策略、最大限度增加抑制剂与HIV-1蛋白酶的亲和力和寻找新作用部位的抑制剂。本文对这些分子设计策略在艾滋病药物研究与开发上的应用进行综述,以期为药物研究工作者提供思路与方法。     

艾滋病病毒储主

人免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(HIV-Ⅰ)在其活动和引起艾滋病(AIDS)及其相关疾病之前能在体内潜伏数年。现已发现血流中的一组细胞(即CD4~+T细胞)是HIV-Ⅰ病毒的储主。Schnittman等人报道,在所有被HIV-Ⅰ感染的病人中都有HIV-Ⅰ特点的含有DNA顺序(前病毒DNA)的CD4~+T细胞;全面发作的AIDS病人中,前病毒     

HIV-1进入抑制剂的研究进展

高效抗逆转录病毒治疗法(HAART)是目前用于抗人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染的主要方法，随着HAART的广泛应用, 诸如药物交互作用、不良反应和耐药毒株等问题也相继出现，因此人们致力于其他抗HIV药物的研究。HIV-1进入抑制剂是颇具前景的抗艾滋病药物，该类药物作用于病毒黏附、辅助受体结合和膜融合的过程，能有效阻断HIV-1侵入细胞，抑制病毒感染。具有作用于细胞外，毒性较低，不易产生耐药性等诸多优点，目前已有多种HIV-1进入抑制剂上市或进入临床研究，本文综述近年来HIV-1进入抑制剂的研究进展。     

HIV-1潜伏库研究进展

HIV-1在未经治疗的艾滋病患者体内虽可以持续复制,但也可潜伏在细胞内以逃避宿主的免疫清除,这一现象即病毒潜伏。病毒潜伏对抗病毒治疗带来了挑战,也引起人们的高度关注。本文对HIV-1病毒潜伏库的研究进展进行了综述。     

如何处理妊娠合并艾滋病

艾滋病是获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的简称,是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引起的一种恶性传播疾病,HIV分为HIV-1和HIV-2两种,HIV-1又分为A、C、D等亚型,目前世界范围内流行的HIV以HIV-1为主,约占95％左右。HIV-1非合胞诱导NSI表现的存在和较高的病毒载体。可以增加其母婴传播的危险性。     

人免疫缺陷病毒及其亚型测定方法

人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）的病原体,由于其基因组的高度变异性,形成了众多具有相对独立基因序列特征的亚型.现就HIV-1基因的分子特征、HIV-1的基因亚型分类、近年来报告的几种HIV-1基因亚型的测定方法作一综述.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.