中医内治法治疗糖尿病周围神经病变临床研究进展

糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)是糖尿病常见的慢性并发症之一,其患病率及致残率较高,属于难以根治的慢性疾病。近些年随着临床对DPN的不断深入研究,治疗DPN的方法也呈现出多种多样的趋势,文章从病因病机、内治方法综述中医内科治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的研究进展,以期为中医内治法治疗糖尿病周围神经病变提供临床指导。     

糖尿病周围神经病变的中医药治疗进展

糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）是糖尿病常见的慢性并发症之一,其发病机制尚未完全明确,临床上也无特异性药物和治疗方法。众多研究表明,中医药在治疗DPN上取得了较大进展,现将近年来中医药治疗DPN的近况作一综述。     

糖尿病周围神经病变的中医研究进展

糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)是糖尿病最常见的慢性并发症之一,其不但引起糖尿病患者的致残率升高,而且带来了复杂的医疗、护理问题,也是造成糖尿病患者反复住院的主要原因。近年中医对该病研究有了不断的发展,文章将近年关于糖尿病周围神经病变的中医治疗进展进行综述,以进一步促进对该病的研究。     

糖尿病周围神经病变的发病机制及中药木丹颗粒干预研究新进展

糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）是糖尿病患者的常见并发症之一,其发病机制十分复杂,并发DPN严重影响患者的生活质量。在治疗方面,目前尚无特效的西药。中药木丹颗粒成分多样,对DPN有多层面的保护作用。本文就木丹颗粒对DPN的发病机制的干预及临床疗效的研究进展做一综述,为DPN的中医药综合防控策略提供依据。     

糖尿病周围神经病变的发病机制和诊断技术的研究进展

糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)是糖尿病患者常见的慢性并发症之一,近年来,DPN的研究成为热点,但其发病机制尚未明确,主要有高血糖途径、血管损害和生长因子缺乏。临床上是基于临床体征和症状,以及通过临床感觉神经定量检测仪、肌电图检查、皮肤交感反应、皮肤神经活检及角膜共聚焦显微镜等检测技术来诊断DPN。DPN可导致患者四肢出现感觉、运动和自主神经功能丧失,探讨DPN的相关发病机制及诊断技术对改善患者预后有重要意义。     

糖尿病周围神经病变发病机制及中医药治疗研究进展

糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)是糖尿病最常见的并发症,其发病率高,受累神经广泛,给患者的工作和生活带来诸多不便.然而,DPN的发病机制众说纷纭,尚无明确定论,至今亦无确切有效的治疗药物.近年来,中医药治疗DPN具有一定的优势.现就近年来DPN机制的研究及中医药治疗进展综述如下:     

前列地尔联合疏血通治疗老年糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效及其机制探讨

糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）是糖尿病最常见的慢性并发症之一，目前DPN的病因和发病机制尚未完全阐明，因此临床上无确实有效的治疗方法。传统治疗方法是在有效控制血糖的基础上应用B族维生素治疗。近年来，我们在临床上应用前列地尔联合疏血通治疗DPN患者，疗效较好；另外，目前氧化应激理论在DPN发病机制中的地位倍受关注。因此，本研究通过应用前列地尔联合疏血通治疗老年DPN，观察其疗效，并进一步探讨其抗氧化机制。     

糖尿病周围神经病变中医药治疗概况

近年来,全球糖尿病的发病率逐年增加,发达国家糖尿病发病率已达3％-5％,我国约为1％-2％,而且以每年 0．2‰的速度递增。糖尿病神经病变(DPN)是糖尿病患者最常见的慢性并发症,也是引起糖尿病患者致残的最常见原因。经电生理检查,其患病率可达90％以上。一些研究表明其发生与血管病变、代谢紊乱、神经生长因子减少、遗传因素、自身免疫功能及血液流变性改变等多种因素共同作用有关。由于现代医学在治疗该病方面尚无显著的治疗手段,因此中医治疗DPN的良好效果日益引起医疗界的重视。近年中医药治疗该病显示出了一定优势,现将有关中医药治疗进展综述如下:     

补阳还五汤治疗糖尿病周围神经病变研究进展

作为糖尿病最常见的慢性并发症之一,糖尿病周围神经病变（diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN）的发病率与糖尿病病程长短有关。在现代医学中经常使用降糖药联合镇痛药和抗癫痫药物治疗DPN,效果确切,但存在毒副作用大、耐药性高、依从性差等问题。传统医学治疗DPN的特点是辨证论治,运用中药复方,有作用靶点多,疗效机制广和药物毒性低的优点。补阳还五汤是治疗气虚血瘀证型的代表方剂,具有补气活血、通经活络的功效。本文主要从基础方证分析、临床研究和基础研究三个方面探讨补阳还五汤对DPN的治疗作用,旨在研究其治疗DPN的新进展,以期为临床诊疗提供更广阔的思路。     

红景天改善糖尿病周围神经病变的研究进展

糖尿病周围神经病变（diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN）是糖尿病最常见的慢性并发症之一,随着糖尿病患病率的日益升高,DPN的有效疗法逐渐成为的研究热点。红景天作为中国传统医药,具有降血糖、抗氧化应激、修复和保护神经功能、镇痛等药理作用,且安全性高,在治疗糖尿病周围神经病变方面具有广阔的用药前景。本文现将近年来红景天在治疗DPN方面的药理学机制与临床研究综述如下,以期为DPN的防治提供更多思路和方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.