Th17和IL-17在中性粒细胞性哮喘发生发展中作用的研究进展Progress research in effects of Th17 and IL-17 in occurrence and development of neutrophilic asthma

中性粒细胞性哮喘对于哮喘常规治疗方案反应不佳,已成为临床关注的焦点。辅助性T淋巴细胞17（Th17）主要通过分泌白细胞介素17（IL-17）来发挥其生物学作用,可诱导气道中性粒细胞性炎症、杯状细胞增生、黏液高分泌、肌纤维母细胞分化和气道平滑肌增生肥大,在该疾病的病理生理过程中扮演着重要角色。现总结分析Th17/IL-17在中性粒细胞性哮喘气道炎症、激素抵抗和气道重塑中的作用机制,以进一步认识Th17/IL-17在中性粒细胞性哮喘发生发展过程中所发挥的重要作用,并阐述以其为靶点治疗中性粒细胞性哮喘的可行性及最新进展,以便系统深入地探讨国内外相关研究的现状和不足,为中性粒细胞性哮喘的进一步研究提供新的方向,为其治疗提供新的思路和策略。     

哪些炎症不需用消炎药

引起人体组织发炎的原因较多，根据引起炎症的原因不同，可把炎症分为感染性炎症和无菌性炎症两大类。当人体受到病原微生物如细菌、病毒、原虫等感染并引起人体产生渗出、坏死和增生等炎症反应时。统称感染性炎症。如果是物理、化学等因素引起的炎症反应，统称无菌性炎症。     

严重烧伤患者外周血粘附分子的变化及其意义

严重烧伤后早期 ,机体表现为非感染性的全身炎症反应。过去几年的研究表明 ,白细胞尤其是中性粒细胞的激活及与内皮细胞的粘附是该全身炎症反应的重要的病理基础。而中性粒细胞与内皮细胞的粘附则依赖于中性粒细胞膜上粘附分子CD11/CD18与其内皮细胞上的受体细胞间粘附分子 - 1(ICAM 1)的结合[1] 。这说明粘附分子变化在严重烧伤后病理发展中可能具有重要的作用。既往我们的动物实验证实 ,严重烧伤后早期外周血中的粘附分子表达是增高的 ,而白细胞在肺组织内的粘附扣留则主要依赖于这些粘附分子的高表达[2 ] 。尽管如此 ,至今尚无明确的…     

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在肝细胞癌中的作用

炎症反应参与许多急慢性疾病、肿瘤的病理进程。中性粒细胞是肿瘤中常见的炎症浸润，近年来中性粒细胞在肿瘤发病机制的重要作用逐渐被人们所重视，随着研究深入，中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网的存在引起了研究者的关注。该文就中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在肝细胞癌中作用的研究进展展开综述。     

肿瘤相关中性粒细胞在宫颈癌中的研究进展

肿瘤的生长依赖肿瘤微环境,炎症与肿瘤的发生和预后存在密切联系,而中性粒细胞是肿瘤微环境中参与炎症反应的主要细胞,是存在于肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞,与肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关。肿瘤微环境中的中性粒细胞称为肿瘤相关中性粒细胞,其中N1型抑制肿瘤生长,N2型促进肿瘤的发生和发展。在微环境中,外周血和肿瘤组织中性粒细胞数量的增加及其分泌的细胞因子在宫颈癌的发生、转移和免疫抑制性微环境形成中扮演重要角色,其作用越来越受人们的重视。未来,进一步了解免疫细胞在肿瘤微环境的作用,将为宫颈癌的治疗和预后研究提供新思路。     

炎症不必都用消炎药

许多人认为有了炎症就要用消炎药，其实并不是这样。当人体受到病原微生物如细菌、病毒等感染并引起炎症反应时，称感染性炎症。如果是物理、化学等因素引起的炎症反应，统称无菌性炎症。     

中性粒细胞自发性凋亡及槲皮素对其影响的研究

中性粒细胞是机体早期炎症反应中最重要的炎症细胞,它在炎症反应中处于核心位置。中性粒细胞具有快速地组成自发凋亡的内在生命特征。通过自发性凋亡这一机制,保持中性粒细胞的正常消亡,使其达到动态平衡和内环境稳定。有证据表明,炎症部位老化的中性粒细胞通过自发性凋亡的形式逐渐丧失其生物学功能,最终被周围吞噬细胞吞噬清除掉。然而,炎症细胞被清除的机制只要在时空、位置、强弱、速度、细胞／分子间相互作用等方面调控不当,则可能出现自身的炎症细胞对自身组织细胞的损伤。     

中性粒细胞减少症伴绿脓杆菌败血症坏疽性口炎一例报道

中性粒细胞减少症患者最容易招致细菌感染,但常无感染性炎症或化脓反应,缺乏寻常感染症状,多仅出现发热与乏力虚弱症,且易扩散,迅速转变为败血症与内毒素血症。今介绍本院患者因中性粒     

中性粒细胞来源微颗粒在脓毒症中的作用研究

脓毒症是具有感染证据的全身炎症反应综合征,可导致重度脓毒症及脓毒症休克,是危重症患者常见的并发症和主要死亡原因之一。其发病机制复杂,影响因素众多。中性粒细胞来源微颗粒是中性粒细胞活化和凋亡时产生的微小囊泡样物质,具有特殊的生物学特性。作为一种炎性介质,中性粒细胞来源微颗粒在炎症的发生、发展过程中起到快速抗炎反应、保护炎症血管及调节免疫等多样化的作用。     

虎杖甙对脂多糖刺激下中性粒细胞趋化反应的影响

目的从白细胞趋化性变化中探讨虎杖甙治疗感染性休克的作用机制。方法以趋化寡肽fMLP为趋化因子,用趋化小室观察了正常时中性粒细胞的趋化活性以及脂多糖(LPS)、虎杖甙(PD)和PD对LPS刺激后中性粒细胞的趋化指数的改变。结果正常情况下,中性粒细胞表现出一定的趋化活性(趋化指数为4.96±0.69)。在10、100、1 000 ng/ml LPS刺激后,中性粒细胞趋化性较正常时显著增强(白细胞趋化指数各为8.94±1.73,10.31±1.180和7.12±1.46,LPS刺激组显著高于正常对照组)(P<0.05)。PD在0.8~0.008 mg/ml范围内均能抑制LPS的作用,使增高的白细胞趋化细胞数减少,以PD浓度0.08 mg/ml时效果最显著,其趋化指数可达1.95±0.17。PD作用5~60 min,均能导致白细胞的趋化细胞数下降。当LPS浓度在10~1 000 ng/ml时,各PD治疗组与正常对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。但不同浓度PD对正常中性粒细胞趋化性没有明显作用(P>0.05)。结论PD可调节LPS性炎症反应条件下白细胞的趋化性,可能对防治炎症和感染性休克有重要作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.