叶黄素安全性与生物学功能研究进展

<正>叶黄素是构成玉米、蔬菜、水果、花卉等植物色素的主要组分。叶黄素在羽衣甘蓝、菠菜等深绿色蔬菜及金盏花中含量最高,中草药、茶叶、鸡蛋蛋黄、金枪鱼中也含有丰富的叶黄素。在木瓜、芒果、柑橘等水果中有丰富的叶黄素酯,香肠是叶黄素的良好载体。叶黄素是α-胡萝卜素的衍生物,分子式为C40H56O2,相对分子质量为568.88,没有维生素A活性。叶黄素分子含有多个共轭双键,具有较强的抗氧化和清除自由基能力。叶黄素分子为高度不饱和结构,对光、热     

猪苓多糖抗肿瘤机制研究进展

目的总结猪苓多糖抗肿瘤机制的研究,为其进一步研究、开发抗瘤新药和临床应用提供科学依据。方法回顾性分析近年来国内外相关文献,综述猪苓多糖抗肿瘤机制的研究进展。结果猪苓多糖主要通过抗氧化、清除自由基,抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,诱导凋亡,影响肿瘤基因表达和增强免疫功能等方面发挥抗肿瘤作用。结论猪苓多糖可以多途径、多靶点发挥抗肿瘤作用,在医疗方面表现出良好的应用前景。     

生长抑素类似物治疗原发性肝细胞肝癌研究进展

原发性肝细胞肝癌是临床常见的恶性肿瘤。生长抑素及其类似物除能通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖及血管生成、诱导肝癌细胞凋亡等途径直接发挥抗肿瘤效应外,还可通过抑制一些能够刺激肿瘤细胞增长的激素分泌而起到间接抗肿瘤作用。生长抑素及其类似物所发挥的宏观抗肿瘤效应依赖于其与肝癌细胞表面相应受体之间的相互作用及随后发生于细胞内的一系列信号级联反应。因而肝癌细胞表面生长抑素受体的表达在其数量、与配体的亲和力、持续时间等方面都与该类药物的临床疗效密切相关。     

人参皂苷Rg3抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

人参皂苷是人参的主要有效成分,其中人参皂苷Rg3是主要的抗肿瘤活性成分,其可通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、降低肿瘤细胞侵袭及转移,提高机体免疫力等方面发挥抗肿瘤的作用。本文通过查阅近年来关于人参皂苷Rg3抗肿瘤作用的文献作一综述,以便全面了解其抗肿瘤的作用机制。     

抗肿瘤DNA疫苗的构建及其免疫效果的研究

抗肿瘤DNA疫苗是一种全新的肿瘤疫苗,在肿瘤防治中发挥越来越重要的作用。本文就抗肿瘤DNA疫苗的构建,影响其免疫效果的因素及安全性等问题做简单的概述。     

二甲双胍抗肿瘤作用机制

二甲双胍是目前治疗2型糖尿病的一线用药,近年来,国内外大量研究发现,二甲双胍在发挥其降血糖作用之外,还具有抗肿瘤作用,可抑制肝癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌等恶性肿瘤的增殖及生长,延缓肿瘤的发生、发展,但其抗肿瘤机制尚不明确。目前,国内外关于二甲双胍抗肿瘤机制的实验室及临床研究相继开展。本文对二甲双胍抗肿瘤作用机制的相关研究进行综述。     

基于抗肿瘤活性的达玛烷型人参皂苷（元）结构修饰

现代社会中恶性肿瘤己经是常见病、多发病,对人类生命健康造成了极大的威胁。常规化疗药物往往不仅对肿瘤细胞具有毒性,对正常细胞也有较大毒性,限制了其在临床上的应用。人参是一种被广泛应用的传统中药,临床前和临床研究已证实其具有抗肿瘤活性,而人参皂苷是其发挥抗肿瘤疗效的主要物质基础。作为人参皂苷的主要组成部分,达玛烷型人参皂苷在其抗肿瘤活性方面发挥了重要作用,其结构修饰成为了研究热点。综述了达玛烷型人参皂苷结构修饰的主要反应类型和抗肿瘤构效关系,为人参皂苷在抗肿瘤方面的开发利用提供参考。     

灵芝多糖抗肿瘤免疫机制的研究进展

灵芝多糖因其免疫调节功能、抑制肿瘤生长且无不良反应等特点,被认为是通过调节机体免疫功能达到抗肿瘤目的的一味良好的药物。其抗肿瘤作用可能通过抑制肿瘤细胞增殖并诱导凋亡、抑制肿瘤血管新生、调节机体免疫等途径实现,其中调节细胞因子、机体固有免疫系统、T/B淋巴细胞及黏膜免疫系统等的免疫机制可能是其发挥抗肿瘤作用的主要机制。     

丙酮酸乙酯抗肿瘤作用及其机制的研究进展

丙酮酸乙酯（ ethyl pyruvate , EP）是一种丙酮酸酯类衍生物,具有广泛的药理作用,其抗肿瘤作用的研究日益受到国内外学者关注。它可通过抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡、抗血管生成及阻滞细胞周期等机制发挥抗肿瘤作用,现就近年来EP抗肿瘤作用的研究进展进行简要综述。     

叶黄素酯的生物转化研究

目的对叶黄素酯进行微生物降解,以获得游离态叶黄素。方法采用青霉菌摇瓶发酵转化法,并考察了pH、发酵时间、接种量对转化结果的影响。结果青霉菌在pH值为6.0,接种量为2菌塞,发酵24 h叶黄素酯转化彻底,所得叶黄素纯度为91.6%,延长转化时间使叶黄素纯度增加,但是叶黄素质量浓度降低。结论青霉菌在发酵过程中会产生能转化叶黄素酯为游离态叶黄素的酶,发现制备叶黄素的一种新方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.