颅内动脉瘤破裂风险评估中CTA的有效性及形态学特征分析

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤（intracranial aneurysm,IA）风险评估中CT血管造影成像（CTA）应用有效性,并对其形态学特征进行系统分析。方法回顾性研究2017年1月至2019年5月103例IA病人临床资料,对比破裂和未破裂者CTA影像形态学表现,并分析与瘤体破裂的相关性。结果103例病人中,瘤体破裂78例（84个瘤体）,未破裂瘤体25例（28个瘤体）;IA破裂以后交通动脉为主,其次是前交通动脉、大脑中动脉、大脑前动脉、后循环,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;破裂组和未破裂组病人的瘤体大小、瘤体位置、瘤体高度和瘤颈宽度比（AR）、瘤体深度和载瘤动脉直径比（SR）、动脉瘤面积与瘤颈处载瘤动脉面积比值（面积比）及子囊数差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05~P < 0.01）;logistic回归分析表明,瘤体大小、AR、SR、面积比是动脉瘤瘤体破裂独立危险因素（P < 0.05）。结论CTA可清晰、准确显示颅内动脉瘤形态学特征,瘤体大小、AR、SR及面积比等形态学表现可作为IA破裂风险的独立评估指标。     

CT血管造影对颅内动脉瘤破裂的危险因素分析

目的 探讨CT血管造影（CT angiography,CTA）形态学参数在评估颅内动脉瘤破裂风险中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析兰溪市人民医院2016年12月至2021年12月收治的113例颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料,以数字减影血管造影（digitalsubtractionangiography,DSA）和CTA检查结果为判断依据,将发生动脉瘤破裂患者纳入破裂组（n=75）,未发生动脉瘤破裂患者纳入未破裂组（n=38）。测量载瘤动脉直径（carrier artery diameter,Dv）,计算瘤体深度与宽度比值（ratio of tumor depth to width,AR）、瘤颈宽度与载瘤动脉直径比值（ratio of tumor neck width to parent artery diameter,NPR）、瘤体深度与载瘤动脉直径比值（size ratio,SR）、动脉瘤面积与瘤颈处载瘤动脉面积比值（面积比）。采用Logistic回归分析颅内动脉瘤破裂影响因素,受试者操作特征曲线分析CTA形态学参数对颅内动脉瘤破裂的预测价值。结果CTA检查出动脉瘤未破裂有44个,破裂有85个...     

垂直瘤体高度/瘤颈管径比值与动脉瘤破裂风险的相关性

目的：探讨前交通动脉（AComA）动脉瘤垂直瘤体高度与瘤颈管径的比值（AR）与动脉瘤破裂的关系。方法：回顾性分析2010年10月至2016年1月温州医科大学附属第一医院神经外科收治的650例AComA动脉瘤患者的动脉瘤形态参数,其中破裂动脉瘤578例,未破裂动脉瘤72例。分别收集2组动脉瘤的垂直瘤体高度及瘤颈管径,同时分析两者的比值AR值与AComA动脉瘤破裂的关系。结果：578例破裂动脉瘤的垂直瘤体高度为（3.57±1.96）mm、瘤颈管径为（3.07±1.17）mm、AR为1.24±0.67;72例未破裂动脉瘤的垂直瘤体高度为（2.59±1.85）mm、瘤颈管径为（2.71±1.15）mm、AR为0.97±0.60。破裂动脉瘤组的垂直瘤体高度、瘤颈管径及AR均大于未破裂动脉瘤组,2组间数据分别进行比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。AComA动脉瘤的AR值经ROC曲线分析后,其曲线下面积为0.64,最佳截断值为0.935。结论：AR值的大小与AComA动脉瘤破裂有明显关系,临床可将AR值做为参考因素,对AComA动脉瘤患者进行早期风险评估,降低致残率,改善预后。     

选择性能谱纯化技术双能CT血管造影在诊断颅内动脉瘤中的应用价值

目的探讨具有选择性能谱纯化技术（SPS）的双能量扫描技术（DE）在CT血管造影（CTA）诊断颅内动脉瘤中的应用价值。方法对70例临床怀疑颅内动脉瘤的患者先后行CTA和三维数字减影血管造影（3D-DSA）检查,CT扫描采用SPS-DE技术,对SPS-DE-CTA的图像质量进行主观评分,对两种方法显示的动脉瘤部位、数目、瘤颈显示程度以及瘤长径、短径和瘤颈宽度进行对比研究。结果SPS-DE．CTA的图像质量均在4分以上,能满足诊断要求;以3D-DSA为诊断标准,SPS-DE-CTA检测动脉瘤的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度均为100％。SPS-DE-CTA共检出63个动脉瘤,瘤长径、短径和瘤颈宽度分别为（4．96±1．47）mm、（4．01±1．59）mm和（3．02±0．75）mm。3D-DSA共检出63个动脉瘤,瘤长径、短径和瘤颈宽度分别为（4．89±1．52）ml／l、（3．89±1．56）mm和（2．91±0．73）ram。以313．DSA为诊断标准,两种检查方法所得动脉瘤部位、数目及测量数据比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,且两种检查方法测得的瘤长径（r=0．963）、瘤短径（r=0．968）和瘤颈宽度（r=0．856）有很好的相关性（P：0．000）。结论SPS-DE-CTA诊断颅内动脉瘤有较高的诊断准确性,可作为一种无创性的常规筛查方法。     

不同部位大脑中动脉动脉瘤CT血管成像形态学的差异

目的探讨不同部位大脑中动脉（MCA）动脉瘤CT血管成像（CTA）形态学的差异。方法回顾性纳入2009年1月至2018年12月温州医科大学附属第一医院563例患者的612个MCA动脉瘤。通过观察CTA图像将MCA动脉瘤按部位分为分叉处动脉瘤和其它部位动脉瘤,采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析比较不同部位动脉瘤形态学表现的差异。结果612个MCA动脉瘤中位于分叉处409个（66.8%）,其中破裂动脉瘤280个,发生率远高于其它部位（P=0.001）。分叉处动脉瘤在动脉瘤大小、瘤颈宽度、动脉瘤高度、动脉瘤高度与血管径比（SR）、垂直高度与瘤颈宽比（AR）、血管角度、血流角度、血管管径、动脉瘤形状、冠状面朝向和横断面朝向等方面与其他部位动脉瘤的差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示MCA不同部位动脉瘤形态差异显著的参数为SR（OR=1.143,95%CI：1.002~1.303,P=0.046）、血管角度（OR=1.016,95%CI：1.009~1.024,P=0.000）、动脉瘤形状（OR=1.648,95%CI：1.118~2.431,P=0.012）、冠状面朝向（OR=0.519,95%CI：0.336~0.802,P=0.003）。结论MCA动脉瘤部位与动脉瘤的破裂有关,MCA分叉处的动脉瘤更易发生破裂,可能与CTA动脉瘤形态学参数SR、动脉瘤形状、血管角度及瘤顶冠状面朝向有关。     

后交通动脉瘤的形态学特征及破裂风险评估

目的：研究后交通动脉瘤的形态学特征与其破裂风险的相关性,初步预测后交通动脉瘤的破裂风险。方法回顾性分析该院2011年1月—2014年12月连续收治的单发后交通动脉瘤病例193例,按破裂情况分为破裂组80例和未破裂组113例,根据三维CTA模型,记录并比较两组间其瘤体平均大小,瘤体长度与瘤颈宽度的比值(A R值),不同瘤顶指向,有无子囊,采用多因素Logistic分析后交通动脉瘤破裂风险的独立危险因素。结果破裂组的瘤体平均大小为(6.55±2.85)mm,未破裂组的瘤体平均大小为(6.38±3.71)mm,两组差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果为：有子囊(OR=12.895,P=0.001);A R值(OR=4.899,P=0.001);瘤顶指向后下外(OR=7.498,P=0.029)。结论后交通动脉瘤的形态学特征中的瘤体长度与瘤颈宽度的比值(A R值)、有无子瘤、瘤顶指向后下外可以作为后交通动脉破裂风险的评估指标。     

颅内囊性动脉瘤几何特征与破裂风险的关系

目的 分析反映颅内囊性动脉瘤几何特征的相关指标与破裂风险的关系.方法 对473例颅内囊性动脉瘤患者资料进行回顾性研究,破裂组和非破裂组分别有426例和47例患者,测量瘤体长径,瘤颈宽度及计算瘤体长径和瘤颈宽度的比值(AR值),分析以上3项指标与破裂风险的关系.结果 破裂组平均瘤体长径为(5.9±3.0)min,平均瘤颈宽度为(3.0±1.2)mm,平均AR值为2.1±0.9;未破裂组平均瘤体长径为(8.0±4.2)mm,平均瘤颈宽度为(4.8±2.4)min,平均AR值为1.7±0.6,两组间3项指标差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 AR值不受动脉瘤分布部位影响,是代表动脉瘤内血流动力学的良好指标.动脉瘤破裂风险随着AR值的增高而增大,但目前没有一个明确AR值可用来界定动脉瘤破裂风险.     

头颈部CTA对颅内破裂动脉瘤早期诊断价值研究

目的 以数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography, DSA)为标准,探讨头颈部CT血管成像(computed tomography angiography, CTA)对颅内破裂动脉瘤病变部位、大小、形态特征早期诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月—2021年10月本院收治的发病在5天内因颅内动脉瘤破裂致蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage, SAH)行CTA检查并行DSA检查的患者61例的临床资料。比较分析这两种方法测量破裂的动脉瘤部位、形态参数,分析灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、颅内动脉瘤的直径、瘤颈宽度,动脉瘤颈部和母体动脉的三维关系、图像质量优良率比较。结果 CTA和DSA检查破裂动脉瘤部位、动脉瘤颈部和母体动脉的三维关系比较、瘤体直径及瘤颈宽度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CTA与DSA检查的图像质量优良率之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对于直径<4 mm的破裂颅内动脉瘤,CTA的灵敏度为90.0%,特异度为71.43%,阳性预测值为90.0%,阴性预测值为71.4...     

颅内动脉瘤血管内治疗分级

目的探讨影响颅内动脉瘤栓塞方案选择和栓塞效果的因素,建立一套应用于颅内动脉瘤血管内治疗的新的分级系统。方法前瞻性采集经血管内治疗的151例患者156个颅内动脉瘤的临床资料,分析性别、年龄、动脉瘤的数字减影血管造影特点（部位、形状、瘤体最长径、瘤颈宽、囊颈比）、是否出血、急性期栓塞等因素对栓塞技术选择和栓塞即时效果的影响。结果Logistic回归分析显示影响栓塞技术选择的有意义因素为动脉瘤部位（OR=3．734,P=0．018）、瘤颈宽（OR=16．279,P=0．000）和囊颈比（OR=4．090,P=0．003）,影响栓塞效果的有意义因素为瘤体最长径（OR=2．725,P=0．024）、瘤颈宽（OR=2．600,P=0．033）和囊颈比（OR=3．144,P=0．003）。以动脉瘤部位（颈内动脉系0分,椎基底动脉系1分）、瘤体最长径（〈8mm 0分,≥8mm 1分）、瘤颈宽（〈4mm0分,≥4mm或无瘤颈1分）和囊颈比（〉1．20分,≤1．2或无瘤颈1分）为评分指标建立颅内动脉瘤血管内治疗分级（IAES）,将颅内动脉瘤分为4级,0～1级为一般动脉瘤,2～4级为复杂动脉瘤。结论IAES有助于临床上制定个体化栓塞方案和预测栓塞效果。     

CTA在脑动脉瘤初步筛选中的价值

目的探讨CT脑血管成像（CTA）检查在脑动脉瘤初步筛选中的价值及临床意义。方法对32例疑似动脉瘤患者进行CTA检查,所得数据结果进行图像处理工作站重建,得到MIP、MPR和VR等重组图像进行分析诊断,并对检查结果与数字减影血管造影（DSA）或术后结果比较。结果 CTA检查诊断32例患者患有动脉瘤37个,20例经DSA或手术证实,术中发现1例较小动脉瘤术前CTA检查漏诊,诊断符合率95.65%;对20例DSA或手术证实的动脉瘤大小与CTA检查比较,瘤体长轴、瘤体短轴、瘤颈宽度之间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 CTA检查安全、无创,显影清晰,能明确诊断脑动脉瘤,临床可作为脑动脉瘤疑似患者的首选检查方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.