视网膜睫状体冷凝联合小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的评价广泛视网膜睫状体冷凝联合丝裂霉素C及小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床效果。方法采用广泛视网膜睫状体冷凝联合丝裂霉素C及小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼20例（20眼），观察术后眼压、视力及并发症等。结果术后随访6个月～1a，18眼眼压得以控制；各眼视力无明显变化；功能滤过泡占80％：出现一过性高眼压、前房积血等并发症，经对症处理，均在1周内恢复。结论广泛视网膜睫状体冷凝联合丝裂霉素C及小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼可以有效控制眼压。     

新生血管性青光眼的联合手术治疗观察

目的:探讨视网膜光凝或视网膜冷凝联合小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效。方法:新生血管性青光眼64例64眼,首先行视网膜光凝或视网膜冷凝,再行小梁切除术,术后观察视力、眼压、虹膜新生血管、球结膜滤过泡及手术并发症等。结果:术后随访6～12mo,视力均无明显改善,平均眼压自术前47.89±6.74mmHg随访末降至18.41±2.16mmHg,控制在21mmHg以下者53眼(73%)。结论:视网膜光凝或视网膜冷凝联合小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼有较好的长期疗效。     

复合式小梁切除术联合睫状体冷凝治疗晚期新生血管性青光眼

目的探讨复合式小梁切除术联合睫状体冷凝治疗晚期新生血管性青光眼的疗效。方法晚期新生血管性青光眼16例（16眼）．一次性施行180°睫状体冷凝联合复合式小梁切除术．观察术后眼压、新生血管消退情况及手术并发症。结果术后随访6—48个月,视力均无明显改善,平均眼压自（57．48±10．00）mmHg降至（12．46±4．36）mmHg,控制在21mmHg以下者13眼（占80．12％）,手术眼压控制较好。结论一次性施行复合式小梁切除术联合睫状体冷凝对晚期新生血管性青光眼有较好的长期疗效。     

新生血管性青光眼睫状体及视网膜冷凝联合复合式小梁切除术

目的 评价睫状体及周边视网膜冷凝联合复合式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼的效果.方法 对53例(53眼)新生血管性青光眼施行睫状体及周边视网膜冷凝联合复合式小梁切除术,术中应用丝裂霉素C 0.33 mg/mL及可调整缝线.术后观察眼压、结膜滤过泡及眼前段反应等,随访6～12个月.结果 53例术后第1周眼压(10.36±2.53)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),较术前眼压(47.89±6.74)mmHg明显降低;随访时47例不用降眼压药物眼压(18.41±2.16)mmHg(88.68%);5例用1～2种降眼压药物治疗眼压＜30 mmHg;1例手术失败.47例结膜滤过泡弥散隆起,6例较扁平.术中有4例前房少量积血.术后浅前房2例,无前房继发性积血或眼球萎缩等.结论 睫状体及周边视网膜冷凝联合复合式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼,经随访证明能有效降低眼压,痛苦小,为一种较安全而有效的综合性治疗新生血管性青光眼的方法.     

前部视网膜、睫状体冷凝联合复合式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床研究

目的探讨前部视网膜、睫状体冷凝联合复合式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床疗效。方法 2007年2月至2011年3月我院共收治新生血管性青光眼患者32例(32眼),均采用前部视网膜、睫状体冷凝联合复合式小梁切除术治疗,术后随访6～12个月,观察患者术后一般疗效、视力、眼压及并发症等情况。结果 32眼中手术完全成功28眼,条件成功2眼,失败2眼,手术成功率为93.8%。术后25眼视力有所提高,2眼丧失视力,其余患者保持术前视力,未有明显变化。28眼眼压在正常范围内波动;2眼眼压在术后3个月、4个月时升高,给予抗青光眼药物治疗后眼压得以控制;2眼眼压高于30mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg),二次手术后控制在正常范围内。术后并发症主要有前房积血、浅前房、前部葡萄膜炎、玻璃体出血等。结论前部视网膜、睫状体冷凝联合复合式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼,术后疗效确切,并发症少。     

改良小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼

目的 探讨改良小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效.方法 难治性青光眼患者32例(42眼),采用改良小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗,术后随访3 ～12个月,观察患者术后3个月、6个月的眼压、滤过泡、视力及并发症等情况.结果 术后3个月、12个月眼压分别为(13.4±2.8) mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg)、(15.8±3.7) mmHg,与术前(35.6±6.3)mmHg相比,差异均有显著统计学意义(均为P＜0.01).术后3个月、6个月功能性滤过泡分别占90.5％、95.2％.术后3个月、6个月视力较术前均有不同程度提高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05).术后仅4眼新生血管性青光眼由于滤过泡瘢痕化,经局部加用抗青光眼药物后眼压仍大于21 mmHg;所有患眼均无明显并发症和羊膜移植排斥反应.结论 改良小梁切除术联合羊膜移植治疗难治性青光眼疗效确切,并发症较少.     

综合手术治疗晚期新生血管性青光眼的临床观察

目的：：观察综合手术治疗晚期新生血管性青光眼的疗效。方法：对2010-10/2013-10期间在我院住院的39例39眼晚期新生血管性青光眼患者使用视网膜及睫状体冷凝联合小梁切除术及前部玻璃体切除术治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：所有患者出院后随访6~12 mo。39例术后第1 wk眼压(12.94±2.33mmHg)较术前眼压(57.31±6.72mmHg)明显降低,患者疼痛明显缓解。随访12 mo时35例不用降眼压药物眼压为17.25±2.24mmHg,4例用1~2种降眼压药物治疗眼压<21 mmHg。39例虹膜及房角新生血管均有不同程度回退。34例结膜滤过泡弥散隆起,5例较扁平。术后无浅前房或眼球萎缩。结论：视网膜及睫状体冷凝联合小梁切除术及前部玻璃体切除术治疗晚期新生血管性青光眼,能有效降低眼压,改善患者临床症状,为一种较安全而有效的综合性治疗方法。     

新生血管性青光眼联合手术治疗疗效观察

目的 探讨联合手术治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效.方法 对3l例(31只眼)新生血管性青光眼患者采用联合手术治疗方法:标准小梁切除术,应用丝裂霉素C,羊膜植入,全视网膜冷凝术.结果 术后5～7 d眼压7～18 mmHg(平均12.5 mmHg),术后3个月(31只眼)眼压10～29 mmHg(平均13.5 mmHg),术后6个月(28只眼)眼压10～31 mmHg(平均17.5 mmHg),术后12个月(24只眼)眼压11-31mml-1g(平均17 mmHg);术后3个月(31只眼)眼压低于21mmHg为完全成功有25只眼,条件成功有4只眼,成功率93.5%;术后6个月(28只眼)完全成功有19只眼,条件成功有5只眼,成功率85.7%;术后12个月(24只眼)眼压完全成功有12只眼,条件成功有7只眼,成功率79.1%.术后6个月(28只眼)有功能性滤过泡14只眼,非功能性滤过泡14只眼;术后12个月(24只眼)有功能性滤过泡11只眼,非功能性滤过泡13只眼.术后3月(31只眼)虹膜新生血管消失24只眼,术后12个月(24只眼)虹膜新生血管消失18只眼.手术后并发症:前房出血有11只眼;有3只眼前房渗出;有6只眼有脉络膜脱离;元前房消失,有1只眼恶性青光眼.结论 对新生血管性青光眼行联合手术:标准小梁切除术,应用丝裂霉素C,植入羊膜,全视网膜冷凝术效果肯定,并发症少,安全有效.     

部分睫状体冷凝联合小梁切除治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的评价部分睫状体冷凝联合小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼的效果。方法对32例（32眼）药物难于控制的新生血管性青光眼,首先进行180°范围内睫状体冷凝然后联合施行巩膜瓣下小梁切除与虹膜周边切除,术中巩膜瓣下应用丝裂霉素C。术后处理同常规小梁切除术。随访时间6～12个月。结果32例术后第1周眼压较术前明显降低。随访期间眼压控制良好。功能性滤过泡（Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型）87．96％,非功能性滤过泡（Ⅲ型）5．06％,薄壁滤过泡3．65％。结论采用180°范围内睫状体冷凝联合施行巩膜瓣下小梁切除联合应用MMC治疗新生血管性青光眼,是一种较安全有效的综合治疗方法。     

两种三联手术治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效比较

目的:比较视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷冻联合小梁切除术与视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷冻联合全视网膜光凝术两种三联手术治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效。方法:回顾分析2006-01/2010-04中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的69例71眼新生血管性青光眼病例,其中视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷冻联合小梁切除术治疗37例37眼,视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷冻联合全视网膜光凝术治疗32例34眼,观察治疗前后视力、眼压、虹膜新生血管消退情况及术后并发症。结果:两种方法治疗的患者术前与术后视力、眼压及虹膜新生血管消退情况均有统计学差异。术后并发症视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷冻联合全视网膜光凝术低于视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷冻联合小梁切除术。结论:视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷冻联合小梁切除术及视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷冻联合全视网膜光凝术两种方法治疗新生血管性青光眼均有明显疗效,但视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷冻联合全视网膜光凝术术后并发症发生率较低。     

基层医院开展新生血管性青光眼手术疗效观察

目的:探讨基层医院对中晚期新生血管性青光眼(neovascular glaucoma,NVG)手术术式的选择和疗效观察。方法:选取20例21眼中晚期NVG患者,其中7例7眼行睫状体冷凝联合小梁切除术,11例12眼行全视视网膜联合睫状体冷凝术,2例2眼行睫状体冷凝联合涡静脉附近巩膜板层切除术。结果:术后所有患者疼痛症状明显好转,术后3mo眼压<24mmHg者19眼,2眼控制不稳定,最高时达28mmHg。视力5眼提高,14眼无变化,2眼眼球萎缩。所有患者虹膜新生血管全部消退。结论:在没有很好医疗条件的基层医院或患者经济条件不好的情况下,简易的手术方法同样可以解决患者的痛苦,挽救患者的眼球和有用视力,易于被患者接受。     

前部视网膜冷凝联合小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼的远期疗效观察

目的 探讨前部视网膜冷凝联合小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼的远期疗效.方法 对38例(38眼)新生血管性青光眼行前部视网膜冷凝联合小梁切除术,术中使用丝裂霉素C(0.4 g·L-1).观察术后1个月、3个月、6个月、1 a、3 a、6a的眼压、视力及中晚期并发症情况.结果 术后1个月、3个月、6个月、1 a、3 a、6 a的眼压控制率分别为100％、97.37％、92.11％、84.21％、82.26％、82.35％;术后1个月眼压控制率与3个月、6个月比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05);3个月与6个月比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但3个月与1 a、3 a、6 a之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05);6个月与1 a、3 a、6 a之间比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P ＞0.05);1a、3 a、6a之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后1个月、3个月、6个月时38例中均有12例视力较术前提高,无视力下降者;术后1 a时38例中10例视力较术前提高,2例下降;术后3a时29例中6例视力较术前提高,4例下降;术后6a时17例中3例视力较术前提高,5例下降.术后并发症主要是黄斑水肿、黄斑变性、黄斑出血和白内障等.结论 前部视网膜冷凝联合小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼,经长期随访证明大部分患者能有效安全控制眼压,部分患者可提高视力,且远期疗效稳定.     

Preventing condensation of objective lens in noncontact wide-angle viewing systems during vitrectomy

AIM: To assess the optimal conditions for preventing condensation of objective lens during vitrectomy with noncontact wide-angle viewing systems (WAVSs). METHODS: We explored the effectiveness of the coating with ophthalmic viscoelastic device (OVDs) on the corneal surface and the soaking the objective lens in warm-saline for preventing condensation of objective lens. First, to find the optimal soaking time to keep the objective lens warm, we measured the temperature of objective lens every minute after soaking in warm saline. Second, to find optimal distance between cornea and objective lens, which provide as wide a view as possible and less condensation at the same time, we measured the condensation time with different distances. With the obtained optimal soaking time and distance, we explored the effect of coating cornea with OVDs and soaking objective lens in warm saline on condensation time. RESULTS: One and 5min of soaking in warm saline was most effective for keeping the lens warm enough (45.1℃±2.1℃ for 1min and 46.4℃±1.0℃ for 5min, P=0.109). The mean condensation times for the control group at 1, 3, and 5 mm from corneal surface to objective lens were 1±0.4, 4±1.4, 190±26.1s, respectively, thus 5 mm was most optimal distance for vitrectomy with WAVSs. For the OVD coating group, the mean condensation times were 1.5±0.3, 13±1.4, and 200±23.9s at 1, 3, and 5 mm distance and borderline significant compared with control group (P=0.068, 0.051, and 0.063, respectively). With the 1-minute warm saline soaking group, the mean condensation time were extended to 188±34.4, 416±65.7, and 600±121.3s at 1, 3, and 5 mm distance and statistically significant compared with control (P=0.043, 0.041 and 0.043, respectively). CONCLUSION: OVD coating on corneal surface shows no difference on condensation time with control group. However, soaking the objective lens in warm saline revealed statistically significant extension of condensation time compared to control group. Therefore, keeping the objective lens warm with soaking in warm saline is a simple but effective to prevent condensation of objective lens during vitrectomy. The thermodynamics between objective lens and cornea during vitrectomy warrants further investigation.     

小梁切除术合并丝裂霉素联合视网膜冷凝治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的：：探讨小梁切除术合并丝裂霉素联合视网膜冷凝治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效及对患者眼部血流动力学的影响。方法：将45例45眼采用改良小梁切除术联合睫状体视网膜冷凝治疗的新生血管性青光眼患者纳入本研究,观察术后疗效、视力、眼压及并发症等情况,并采用彩色多普勒成像技术检测患者健侧眼与患侧眼术前及术后2 wk的眼部血流动力学指标。结果：术后6 mo手术成功率为84%,功能性滤泡形成率为82%,并发症发生率为27%;术后1、3、6 mo的眼压均较术前显著降低(P<0.05),且术后1、3、6mo的矫正视力较术前显著提高(P<0.05);术后1、3、6mo患侧眼血流动力学参数PSV、EDV、RI均较术前显著改善( P<0.05)。结论：小梁切除术合并丝裂霉素联合视网膜冷凝治疗新生血管性青光眼的手术成功率高,能有效控制患者眼压,改善视力和眼部血流动力学指标。     

前部视网膜冷凝联合玻璃体切除术治疗中早期NVG

摘要目的:探讨前部视网膜冷凝联合玻璃体切除术治疗中早期新生血管青光眼(neovascular glaucoma,NVG)的临床效果。方法:采用前部视网膜冷凝联合玻璃体切除术治疗中早期新生血管青光眼31例31眼,术中全视网膜光凝。结果:患者31眼,术前眼压41.1±6.2mmHg,术后观察3~25(平均9.8)mo,眼压22.6±6.9mmHg,术前术后眼压差别具有统计学意义(P=0.002);25例眼压控制正常,眼压19.8±2.4mmHg,6例眼压34±8.2mmHg,其中3例局部药物治疗眼压控制正常,2例行二次手术,玻璃体腔青光眼阀植入术后,眼压控制满意,1例无效,患眼无光感,疼痛,行眼内容摘除术。20眼视力有不同程度的提高,5例视力不变,5例视力下降,1例无光感。30例虹膜面新生血管绝大部分或完全消退,角膜透明,前房无积血,所有病例眼部疼痛消失或明显缓解。结论:前部视网膜冷凝联合玻璃体切除术可消退虹膜面的新生血管,有利于术后眼压的控制,恢复部分视力,为中早期新生血管性青光眼提供了一个行之有效的治疗方案。     

孤立性脉络膜血管瘤合并视网膜脱离的治疗

目的：探讨孤立性脉络膜血管瘤合并视网膜脱离的治疗方法。方法：７例脉络膜血管瘤合并视网膜脱离者,采用单纯氩激光治疗。９例脉络膜膜务管瘤合并视网膜明显脱离,视网膜下积液较多者,采用巩膜冷凝,排出视网膜下液联合氩激光治疗。结果：治疗后１３例的瘤体萎缩或缩小,渗出性视网膜脱离减少,视力幸或保持不变,单纯激光治疗组,有效率为７１．４３％。联合治疗组有效率为８８．８９％。结论：脉络膜血管瘤合并视网膜浅脱离者,     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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