The effects of exposing dental implants to the maxillary sinus cavity on sinus complications.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether dental implant exposure to the maxillary sinus cavity increases the risk of maxillary sinus complications. STUDY DESIGN: An implant was placed bilaterally in the maxillary sinus of 8 adult female mongrel dogs in a way that it penetrated the bone and mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus floor to the extent of 2 mm, 4 mm, or 8 mm. The implants were left in place for 6 months. RESULTS: Radiographic and histologic examinations did not show any signs of pathologic findings in the maxillary sinus of the 8 dogs. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that implant protrusion into the maxillary sinus cavity is not related to the development of sinus complications in canines.     

A retrospective study of the effects on sinus complications of exposing dental implants to the maxillary sinus cavity.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether dental implant exposure to the maxillary sinus cavity increased the risk of maxillary sinus complications. STUDY DESIGN: Nine patients with 23 implants that had been inserted into the maxillary sinus more than 4 mm without lifting the sinus mucous membranes were evaluated for sinus complications 6 to 10 months after implant insertion, using a questionnaire and computerized tomography (CT). RESULTS: There were no clinical signs of sinusitis in any patient. However, CT scans showed postoperative sinus mucous thickening around 14 of the 23 implants. CONCLUSION: This study showed that implant exposure to the maxillary sinus cavity can cause sinus mucous thickening around the implants.     

微种植钉植入上颌后牙区的安全区域分析

目的:探讨上颌双尖牙与磨牙间不同水平断层和不同矢状层面的微种植钉植入安全区域,为临床植入微种植钉时提供参考。方法:利用CT轴层(横断面)图像,将上颌第一双尖牙和上颌第一磨牙区域的横断面划分为从牙槽嵴向根方的SL1到SL9共9层,每层间隔1.0mm。将每一横断面从颊侧向舌侧沿牙根间隙平分线Pb划分10层矢状面Pv,每层间隔1.0mm。分别测量每一横断面中不同矢状面Pb与双尖牙和磨牙牙根的距离;测量上颌第一双尖牙和上颌第一磨牙牙根表面到颊腭侧牙槽骨表面的距离;测量牙槽骨厚度。结果:牙根间隙最大为8.0mm,位于SL9的Pv第6层;最小为2.6mm,位于SL4的Pv第4层。Pb与上颌第一双尖牙牙根表面的距离:从横断面看,从SL1到SL9总体是从小到大;从矢状面看,Dp1到Dp10是两侧大、中间小,即牙根间隙从颊侧到中间和从舌侧到中间均是由大到小。Pb与上颌第一磨牙牙根表面的距离:从横断面看,从SL1到SL9总体变化不明显;从矢状面看,Dm1到Dm10在SL1到SL5是两侧大、中间小,即牙根间隙从颊侧到中间和从舌侧到中间都是由大到小;SL6到SL10,Dm从颊舌侧向中间过渡时,开始是由大变小,但在接近中间时再变大,体现双根牙的特征。牙根表面到牙槽骨表面的距离:上颌第一双尖牙牙根表面到腭侧牙槽骨表面的距离从SL1的1.39mm到SL9的5.05mm,由小到大变化明显,其余牙根表面到牙槽骨表面的距离从SL1到SL9无明显渐进性变化。牙槽骨厚度从SL1的13.89mm到SL9的16.25mm,呈现明显由小到大的变化。结论:在不同的区域牙根间隙及牙根周围骨质量存在差异,植入微种植钉时应根据具体情况选择不同的位置和路径。     

Benign osteoblastoma of the maxillary sinus

The benign osteoblastoma is an uncommon bone tumor. It is a benign but actively growing neoplasm that must be differentiated from more aggressive bony lesions. A review of the literature indicates that 14% of benign osteoblastomas are located in the head. The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features and treatment of the benign osteoblastoma are discussed. In addition, the third case of a benign osteoblastoma of the paranasal sinuses, and the first of the maxillary sinus, is described.     

Benign osteoblastoma of the maxillary sinus

Benign osteoblastoma is an uncommon fibro-osseous neoplasm with a predilection for the vertebrae and long bones, and a 2-to-1 male-to-female ratio of occurrence. Peak incidence occurs in the second decade, with 80% of all patients being under 30 years of age. The clinical, radiographic, and histologic presentation of a large maxillary sinus osteoblastoma is reviewed. Preoperative embolization of this vascular neoplasm is advocated.     

In vitro and in vivo performance of a novel surface treatment to enhance osseointegration of endosseous implants.

OBJECTIVE: This article shows the in vitro and in vivo characterization of a new biomimetic treatment developed to enhance the osseointegration of titanium dental implants. STUDY DESIGN: A novel biomimetic treatment of titanium was developed. Its physicochemical properties and biologic and in vivo performance were considered and studied. Mineralization capability was assessed by soaking test in simulated body fluid solution, and cytocompatibility was assessed using osteoblast-like MG63 cell culture. Histomorphometric analysis was performed at 3 time points using a sheep animal model. RESULTS: In vitro tests confirmed the biomimetic potential of the considered novel treatment. Histomorphometric analysis indicated its potential for rapid and good-quality osseointegration. CONCLUSION: The in vitro and in vivo test results indicated that the proposed novel treatment possesses a significant potential to increase the rate of osteointegration of titanium for endosseous dental implants.     

Mechanobiology of bone and mechanocoupling of endosseous titanium oral implants

OBJECTIVE: To provide an evidence-based overview and critical evaluation of the mechanobiology of bone and mechanocoupling of osseointegrated oral implants and the consequences of varying clinical and potential artificial loading regimens on bone tissue differentiation around implants. METHODS: The literature was searched, using medline and manual tracing of references cited in key papers as well as submitted fundamental studies otherwise not elicited, for original research articles and review articles relating to the mechanobiology of bone and load-bearing endosseous implants and the time-dependent biological and biomechanical outcome of conventional-, early-, immediate-, and artificial-loading regimens on initial and long-term effectiveness of oral implants. CONCLUSIONS: Implant design, particularly implant surface, has a decisive role on interface force transmission but not on the long-term clinical effectiveness of oral implants. Overloading and stress shielding have often been cited as the primary biomechanical factors leading to marginal bone loss around implants, although there is no consensus on these factors. Low-magnitude, high-frequency mechanical signals may be future candidates for promoting osseointegration and increasing bone density and bone mass around load-bearing osseointegrated implants. Computational technologies and (bio)sensors used for mechanobiological/biomechanical evaluation of bone and oral implants are still at their early stages of application, which results in a little pool of evidence on mechanocoupling of oral implants and biomechanical evaluation of various clinical loadings.