Efficacy of milnacipran on cognitive dysfunction with post-stroke depression: preliminary open-label study

The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of the serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), milnacipran, on both cognitive impairment and depression in post-stroke depression (PSD) patients. A total of 18 PSD patients, approximately 3 months after stroke, were divided into two groups, milnacipran and control. A total of 10 patients were assigned to the milnaciprane group and eight were assigned to control group. Their cognitive impairment and mood symptoms were measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) both at the time of admission and at discharge, an interval of approximately 3 months. This study examined the changes in both MMSE and HAM-D scores during the study period. A significant time-by-group interaction for results of the MMSE was observed, although there was no significant difference between the two groups on the HAM-D. Amelioration of cognitive impairment was greater in the milnacipran group than the control group. For PSD patients, milnacipran is effective in improving cognitive dysfunction.     

抗抑郁治疗对老年脑卒中后抑郁及康复的影响

目的:观察抗抑郁治疗对老年缺血性脑卒中后抑郁症状及神经功能康复的作用.方法:将老年脑卒中后抑郁患者356例分为文拉法辛组128例、阿米替林组116例及对照组112例,于治疗前后进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和神经功能缺损量表(CSS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)评定.结果:文拉法辛组和阿米替林组治疗第2周HAMD评分和第12周CSS评分较治疗前和对照组均明显降低;文拉法辛组和阿米替林组3个月后ADL亦明显改善(P均＜0.05),但阿米替林组不良反应明显高于文拉法辛组.结论:抗抑郁治疗有利于老年脑卒中后抑郁患者神经功能康复,提高生活能力,减少并发症.     

Effects of acupuncture treatment on poststroke motor recovery and physical function: a pilot study

This pilot study obtained preliminary data on the effects of acupuncture treatment combined with a standard inpatient stroke rehabilitation program on poststroke motor recovery and physical function. Thirty-two patients with acute stroke were recruited and randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms: standard rehabilitation (control group) or a combination of acupuncture and standard rehabilitation (acupuncture group). Baseline and discharge assessments were obtained on motor recovery as measured by the Fugl-Meyer (FM) Assessment and on physical function as measured by the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Comparisons were made between the acupuncture and control group in total FM and FIM as well as for each subscale of the FM and FIM. No differences between treatment groups were found in the total FM or the total FIM. However, statistically significant benefit due to acupuncture was observed for the FM lower extremity motor function subscale (P = 0.01) and the tub/shower transfer mobility subscale of the FIM (P = 0.03). Marginally significant benefit due to acupuncture was noted for the toilet transfer mobility subscale of the FIM (P = 0.09). The effectiveness of acupuncture as an adjunct to standard poststroke rehabilitation programs may be demonstrated when more specific measures of stroke motor recovery and physical function are used.     

脑卒中偏瘫患者康复期抑郁、生活质量的相关因素研究

目的探讨脑卒中偏瘫患者康复期抑郁情绪与生活质量的关系,及其与生理和社会因素的关系。方法采用自编一般状况调查表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD)、脑卒中专用生活质量量表(SS-QOL),对61例脑卒中偏瘫患者的生理与社会因素、抑郁情绪以及生活质量进行评定,并进行三者间的相关分析。结果(1)脑卒中抑郁患者SS-QOL评分明显低于无抑郁患者(P<0.01);(2)HRSD评分中除个别因素外,均与SS-QOL各项评分呈负相关(r=-0.773,P<0.01);(3)社会因素中,社会支持对抑郁的影响最大,其次是月收入,再次为受教育程度;(4)生活质量的重要影响因素有社会支持、并发症及病程。结论(1)脑卒中偏瘫患者康复期的抑郁情绪能直接导致生活质量的明显下降;(2)有效的社会支持、合并症的控制及相关心理健康知识的学习是改善脑卒中偏瘫患者康复期抑郁情绪、提高生活质量的主要措施。     

娱乐康复对卒中后抑郁及神经功能缺损改善的疗效分析

目的 观察娱乐康复对卒中后抑郁及神经功能缺损改善的影响.方法 160例卒中后抑郁患者随机分为对照组和干预组,各80例.均采用常规治疗,干预组则在此基础之上给予娱乐康复.治疗前后分别采用Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、神经功能缺损程度评分标准（NFDS）、日常生活能力量表（ADL）进行评定.结果 干预前两组患者各项指标组间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,治疗3月后SDS、HAMD、NFDS、ADL评分较治疗前均明显改善（P＜0.05）,且干预组上述指标改善幅度均优于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 娱乐康复对改善卒中后抑郁及神经功能缺损效果显著.     

氟西汀早期干预卒中后抑郁的临床研究

目的观察卒中后抑郁的发生率以及氟西汀早期治疗对卒中后抑郁的干预作用及对神经功能康复的影响。方法选取2005-01～2005-04住院的脑卒中患者66例,随机分为氟西汀治疗组和常规治疗组,常规治疗组仅给神经内科常规治疗,氟西汀治疗组在常规治疗1周后加用氟西汀口服4周。对2组病人均在病程的1周及5周时采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、日常生活能力量表（ADL）、神经功能缺损评分标准（SSS）进行评定。结果卒中后抑郁发生率为38.24%,治疗后氟西汀治疗组HAMD抑郁评分低于常规治疗组（P〈0.05）,2组患者SSS,ADL分值均有好转,在好转程度上,氟西汀治疗较常规治疗明显（P〈0.05）。结论卒中急性期卒中后抑郁发生率高;早期应用氟西汀治疗可减轻PSD症状、促进神经功能康复。     

'Insistence on recovery' as a positive prognostic factor in Japanese stroke patients

Aim:  The present study used two-step analyses to examine the effect of acceptance of disability or 'insistence on recovery' in Japanese stroke patients: first on their functional improvement and second, on their psychological symptoms.
Methods:  Disability was assessed using functional independence measurements (FIM), examining the stage of acceptance of disability by observation using Fink's theory (from shock to defensive retreat, acknowledgement, and acceptance/change stage), and estimation of insistence on recovery (on a scale of 1–4) by observation. The differences over time and the effects on the improvement in their FIM were then assessed. Depression was measured using the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS); apathy was measured using the Apathy Scale (AS), and the correlation with the acceptance stage or insistence on recovery was analyzed.
Results:  The acceptance stage and functional improvement progressed significantly, but insistence on recovery did not change significantly during hospitalization. Multiple regression indicated that the insistence on recovery score (but not the acceptance stage) was a good predictor of the degree of improvement in FIM (FIM gain per week) in the elderly group. Post-hoc testing showed that the SDS or AS score decreased from the first stage to the fourth stage (but increased at the third stage) of acceptance; whereas for insistence on recovery score, the SDS and AS scores decreased as insistence on recovery score changed from 1 to 3, and then increased as insistence on recovery score changed from 3 to 4.
Conclusions:  The appropriate level of insistence on recovery reduced depression and apathy, resulting in enhanced improvement of disability after a stroke in elderly stroke patients.     

卒中后抑郁患者交感神经皮肤反应特点及临床意义

目的探讨卒中后抑郁(PSD)患者交感神经皮肤反应(SSR)的特点及临床意义。方法共采集脑卒中患者88例,根据汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分将脑卒中患者分为无抑郁组、轻中度抑郁组、重度抑郁组,选取22名健康人群作为健康对照组。各组患者分别进行SSR测定,记录首次达峰时间及SSR波幅并进行比较分析。结果本组脑卒中患者PSD发生率为67.05%,PSD组与健康对照组相比,SSR首次达峰时间延长;波幅减低(均P0.05)。PSD组与无抑郁组相比,SSR首次达峰时间延长;SSR波幅减低(P0.05)。重度抑郁组与轻中度抑郁组相比,SSR首次达峰时间延长;SSR波幅减低(均P0.05)。结论 PSD患者SSR明显异常,抑郁越重,其异常程度越明显,SSR检测可有助于PSD诊断。     

焦点解决模式对梅尼埃病患者康复训练依从性及焦虑抑郁情绪的影响

目的 分析焦点解决模式对梅尼埃病患者的焦虑抑郁情绪及康复依从性的影响.方法 选取我院2017年3月～2020年3月收治的131例梅尼埃病患者作为本次研究的主体对象,按随机数字表法将研究对象随机分为观察组和对照组,两组患者均给予基础治疗,对照组65例患者接受常规护理,观察组66例患者增加焦点解决模式联合干预,对比两组患者...     

Effects of a short outpatient rehabilitation treatment on disability of multiple sclerosis patients

It is well known that neurorehabilitation can reduce disability or improve handicap of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a short period (6 weeks) of a tailored, individualised outpatient rehabilitation program in people with progressive MS. A randomised-controlled trial was undertaken in patients with primary and secondary progressive MS referred to the Centro Sclerosi Multipla of Catania. One hundred and eleven patients were assessed at baseline and at 12 weeks with validated measures of disability (Functional Independence Measure (FIM)) and impairment (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Functional Systems Scale). Of the 111, 58 were randomly assigned to the treatment group and 53 to the control group. All patients had been previously trained in a home exercise program. Both groups were well matched for age, sex, disease duration and severity, disability and quality of life (Short Form-36). At the end of 6 weeks patients allocated to the rehabilitation treatment group showed significant improvement in their level of disability compared with the control group,while the level of impairment did not change. Thirty-two patients of the treatment group and four of the control group improved on the FIM by two or more steps at 12 weeks (p<0.0001). An improvement by 1 EDSS step occurred in only two patients of the treatment group and in one patient of the control group. Benefits were maintained for a further six weeks. This study demonstrates that a short outpatient rehabilitation treatment improves disability of MS patients, without changing their impairment and confirms the effectiveness of rehabilitation in people with MS.     

Adverse effects of depression and cognitive impairment on rehabilitation participation and recovery from hip fracture

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the effects of depression and cognitive impairment in elderly hip fracture patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation. Our goal was to determine whether any association of depression and cognitive impairment with rehabilitation outcome is accounted for by more immediate effects of these variables on rehabilitation participation. METHODS: We measured depression using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Ham-D), cognition using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and rehabilitation outcomes using the motor scale of the Functional Independence Measure (motor FIM) in a prospective observational study of 57 elderly rehabilitation hospital patients admitted to a university-affiliated, freestanding rehabilitation hospital with primary diagnosis of hip fracture. We also assessed rehabilitation participation, to determine whether this accounted for (mediated) any relationship of depression and cognitive impairment with rehabilitation outcome. RESULTS: Baseline Ham-D and MMSE scores were correlated with motor FIM efficiency-those with higher depressive symptoms had lower efficiency (r = -0.44, p < 0.001); similarly, those with more cognitive impairment had lower motor FIM efficiency (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). Rehabilitation participation was a mediator of this association: greater depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment predicted poorer rehabilitation participation which, in turn, predicted lower motor FIM efficiency. Ham-D and MMSE scores were predictors of discharge location: subjects with high depressive symptoms and greater cognitive impairment were more likely to go to a nursing home or personal care home upon discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Depression and cognitive impairment are predictive of negative outcomes in elderly patients' rehabilitation from hip fracture. This effect is mediated by rehabilitation participation, and ratings in this area may serve as a potentially useful clinical and research tool for the rehabilitation environment.     

皮电生物反馈治疗卒中后抑郁的对照研究

目的 通过对卒中后抑郁（post-stroke depression,PSD）患者随机分组进行皮电生物反馈（galvanic skin response,GSR）及假反馈训练,比较训练前后抑郁症状及生理指标的变化,探讨GSR生物反馈对 PSD患者的疗效。 方法 24例卒PSD患者随机分为GSR反馈组（11例）和对照组（13例）,均给予常规康复治疗和药物治 疗,反馈组在此基础上接受GSR生物反馈治疗,每次40 mi n,每周3次,共4周,对照组仅使用电脑开展 放松治疗而没有反馈信号。在治疗前后采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（Hamilton depression scale,HAMD）进行 评估,并在安静状态下进行各生理指标的采集,比较训练前后抑郁症状及生理指标的变化。 结果 GSR组经训练后,HAMD量表焦虑躯体化症状（P =0.034）、认知症状（P =0.019）及抑郁总分 （P =0.011）与对照组比较有显著改善。GSR组经训练后,生理指标皮电明显减小（[ 0.94±2.38）μV vs （0.59±0.33）μV,P =0.023]。 结论 GSR生物反馈能改善卒中后抑郁患者的抑郁症状及生理指标。     

强化心理治疗联合万拉法新对卒中后抑郁患者神经缺损的影响

目的 探讨强化心理治疗联合万拉法新对急性卒中后抑郁患者神经缺损的影响.方法 将126例急性脑卒中后并发早发性抑郁症患者按入选顺序随机分为对照组、万拉法新组和强化心理治疗+万拉法新组(联合治疗组),每组各42例.在治疗前,治疗4周、6周及90 d随访时对各组患者分别采用汉密尔顿(HAMD)抑郁量表、美国国立卫生研究院卒中(NIHSS)量表及Barthel指数量表进行疗效评价.结果 治疗前3组患者NIHSS评分及Barthel指数评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗4周、6周及90 d随访时联合治疗组HAMD评分、NIHSS评分及Barthel指数评分较对照组、万拉法新组明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 强化心理治疗作为抗抑郁药物治疗的辅助措施能显著增加卒中后抑郁患者的康复机会,疗效也更持久和稳定,能明显提高卒中患者的生活质量.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of Venlafaxine plus psychotherapy on neurologic defect of patients with post-stroke depression (PSD). Methods One hundred and twenty-six patients with PSD were equally randomized into control group (treating with ordinary medicine and rehabilitation), Venlafaxine treatment group (ordinary treatment combined with venlafaxine) and therapeutic alliance group (ordinary treatment combined with venlafaxine and psychotherapy). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Barthel index (BI) and NIHSS were employed to evaluate the treatment efficacy before the treatment, 4 and 6 week and 90 d after the treatment. Results No significant differences in NIHSS scores and Brothel indexes among the 3 groups were noted before the treatment (P>0.05). Four and 6 week and 90 d after the treatment, the HAMD scores, NIHSS scores and Barthel indexes in the therapeutic alliance group improved significantly as compared with those in control group and Venlafaxine treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion Strengthening psychotherapy, as an assistant measure of anti-depression drug therapy, can obviously increase the rehabilitation patents'chances and heal efficacy. It is lasting, stable, and worth to popularizing, and can improve the life quality of stroke patients.     

强化心理治疗联合万拉法新对卒中后抑郁患者神经缺损的影响

目的 探讨强化心理治疗联合万拉法新对急性卒中后抑郁患者神经缺损的影响.方法 将126例急性脑卒中后并发早发性抑郁症患者按入选顺序随机分为对照组、万拉法新组和强化心理治疗+万拉法新组(联合治疗组),每组各42例.在治疗前,治疗4周、6周及90 d随访时对各组患者分别采用汉密尔顿(HAMD)抑郁量表、美国国立卫生研究院卒中(NIHSS)量表及Barthel指数量表进行疗效评价.结果 治疗前3组患者NIHSS评分及Barthel指数评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗4周、6周及90 d随访时联合治疗组HAMD评分、NIHSS评分及Barthel指数评分较对照组、万拉法新组明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 强化心理治疗作为抗抑郁药物治疗的辅助措施能显著增加卒中后抑郁患者的康复机会,疗效也更持久和稳定,能明显提高卒中患者的生活质量.     

强化心理治疗联合万拉法新对卒中后抑郁患者神经缺损的影响

目的 探讨强化心理治疗联合万拉法新对急性卒中后抑郁患者神经缺损的影响.方法 将126例急性脑卒中后并发早发性抑郁症患者按入选顺序随机分为对照组、万拉法新组和强化心理治疗+万拉法新组(联合治疗组),每组各42例.在治疗前,治疗4周、6周及90 d随访时对各组患者分别采用汉密尔顿(HAMD)抑郁量表、美国国立卫生研究院卒中(NIHSS)量表及Barthel指数量表进行疗效评价.结果 治疗前3组患者NIHSS评分及Barthel指数评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗4周、6周及90 d随访时联合治疗组HAMD评分、NIHSS评分及Barthel指数评分较对照组、万拉法新组明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 强化心理治疗作为抗抑郁药物治疗的辅助措施能显著增加卒中后抑郁患者的康复机会,疗效也更持久和稳定,能明显提高卒中患者的生活质量.     

Characteristics of post-stroke depression in Japanese patients

Post-stroke depression (PSD) has an important impact on the quality of life of patients with stroke. We studied 100 stroke patients (mean age+/-SD: 64.6+/-11.6, range: 32-85 years) in the subacute phase (2-5 weeks after onset) and investigated the prevalence and clinical correlates of PSD in the subacute phase. The prevalences of PSD and major depression in the subacute phase evaluated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, were 20.0 and 5.0%, respectively. These values were lower than those reported in Caucasian studies. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) did not underestimate the presence of PSD and was thus considered valuable for the initial screening of PSD. However, SDS may overestimate PSD especially in patients with anxiety disorders or somatoform disorders and vice versa. Apathy was observed in 40.2% of patients; however, it was widely distributed and observed even in patients without serious depression.     

脑卒中偏瘫患者家庭康复护理干预及效果评价

目的探讨家庭护理干预对脑卒中患者运动能力及日常生活活动能力的影响。方法选择经治疗好转出院80例脑卒中偏瘫患者，随机分成两组，干预组每月上门随访指导，对照组回家自行锻炼或休养，运动能力采用功能独立性评分（FIM）、日常生活活动能力（ADL），采用Barthel指数评分。结果6个月后干预组FIM及Barthel评分明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）结论家庭康复护理干预能明显改善脑卒中患者的运动能力和提高日常生活自理能力。     

脑卒中后抑郁患者血清白细胞介素-6水平变化的研究

目的研究脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)患者血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平变化,探讨PSD患者的抑郁与免疫功能变化的关系。方法采用放射免疫法检测59例PSD患者、36例非PSD患者及43例正常人的血清IL-6水平。59例PSD患者随机给予抗抑郁治疗 脑血管病恢复期方案治疗(n=29)或仅给予脑血管病恢复期方案治疗(n=30),观察患者治疗前后血清IL-6水平变化。结果治疗前,PSD组血清IL-6水平显著高于非PSD组(P<0.01)和正常对照组(P<0.01);治疗后,PSD抗抑郁治疗组与PSD未抗抑郁治疗组相比,HAMD评分(P<0.01)和IL-6水平(P<0.01)均显著降低。在PSD组治疗前、PSD抗抑郁治疗组及PSD未抗抑郁治疗组治疗后,HAMD评分与血清IL-6水平相关系数分别为0.375(P<0.01)、0.452(P<0.01)和0.397(P<0.01)呈显著性正相关。结论PSD患者血清IL-6水平明显升高并且与抑郁程度相关。     

Depression following intracerebral hemorrhage and the evaluation of cerebral blood flow by single photon emission tomography]

The authors studied patients who presented depression and apathy following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Twelve patients who were admitted in our hospital were divided into two groups according to the presence of post-stroke depression (PSD). Five patients with PSD are in group A, and another seven patients without PSD are in group B. Zung-self depression scale (SDS) and apathy scale were used for screening of depression and apathy. PSD was recognized in 5 (42%) of patients following ICH. Single photon emission tomography (SPECT) suggested the reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the frontal lobe in all patients of the group A (100%), whereas only 29% of patients of the group B. The reduction of CBF in the frontal lobe might be involved in the mechanism of depression following ICH in subacute stage.     

脑卒中后抑郁患者CT表现及其临床特征的相关研究

目的探讨脑卒中后抑郁患者的CT表现和临床特征及其相关因素。方法选择98例CT确诊脑梗死的患者,进行颅脑CT扫描确定脑部异常病变,根据抑郁自评量表(SDS)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)分值分为有无抑郁症状两组:卒中后抑郁组(PSD组,n=42)和对照组(n=56)。结果抑郁的发生率为42.8%。两组患者的年龄、性别构成、受教育程度、病程等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者颅脑CT比较,结果显示PSD组损害更易发生于左侧半球、皮质、额叶和小脑。PSD组内抑郁量表分值与左侧半球、双侧皮质损害容积成正相关(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中后抑郁发生率较高,CT表现和临床特征有一定特点,额叶、皮质的损害可能是PSD发生的生物学基础。