手足口病危重型患儿淋巴细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白检测

目的:观察手足口病危重型患儿外周血淋巴细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白的变化。方法:以临床确诊入住ICU的60例手足口病危重型患儿为研究对象,并与30例健康儿童进行对比分析。应用流式细胞术检测抗凝外周全血的淋巴细胞亚群:T淋巴细胞(CD3+CD19-)、辅助T细胞Th(CD3+CD4+)、抑制T细胞Ts(CD3+CD8+)、B细胞(CD3-CD19+)和NK细胞(CD3-CD56+)的相对计数,计算Th/Ts比值。同时进行免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM测定。结果:手足口病危重型患儿外周血T淋巴细胞、Th细胞、Ts细胞的百分率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);B细胞的百分率及免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA则显著高于对照组(P<0.05);两组间NK细胞百分率、免疫球蛋白IgM及Th/Ts比值均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:手足口病危重型患儿存在细胞免疫和体液免疫功能紊乱。     

传染性单核细胞增多症患儿免疫功能变化及其临床意义

目的研究传染性单核细胞增多症（IM）患儿血清中的免疫球蛋白和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化及其临床意义。方法采用透射比浊法和APAAP法检测了36例生长发育正常的IM患儿血清Ig和T淋巴细胞亚群。结果IgG、IgA、CD4、CD4/CD8比值明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）,CD3、CD8明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,IgM与对照组比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论EB病毒感染后引起机体体液和细胞免疫功能异常是IM发病的关键,为临床IM患儿的免疫治疗提供了理论依据。     

慢性乙型肝炎PBMC凋亡及淋巴细胞亚群的检测

目的了解慢性/慢性重型乙型肝炎外周血淋巴细胞激活诱导细胞死亡(AICD)现象的存在情况、各免疫细胞的状况、AICD与淋巴细胞状况的关系,以探讨乙型肝炎慢性化和重型化的机制.方法利用慢性、慢性重型乙型肝炎病人和健康献血员外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)在PHA-P刺激下培养72h,通过流式细胞仪检测PBMC的凋亡情况;采用流式细胞仪结合全自动血液分析仪对慢性、慢性重型乙型肝炎病人及正常对照组外周血各淋巴细胞亚群进行检测.结果慢性乙型肝炎组PBMC凋亡率高于慢性重型乙型肝炎组(P＜0.01),高于正常对照组(P＜0.01).慢性乙型肝炎组总淋巴细胞百分率高于慢性重型乙型肝炎组(P＜0.01),慢性重型乙型肝炎组淋巴细胞数低于正常对照组(P＜0.01);CD3+、CD3+CD4+细胞数低于正常对照组(P＜0.01),低于慢性乙型肝炎组(P＜0.05);CD3+CD8+细胞数低于正常对照组(P＜0.05),低于慢性乙型肝炎组(P＜0.05).单核细胞百分率高于正常对照组(P＜0.01),高于慢性乙型肝炎组(P＜0.05).结论慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血淋巴细胞活化与凋亡共存,慢性重型乙型肝炎患者外周血淋巴细胞消耗严重,AICD参与乙型肝炎慢性化、重型化的发生机理.     

分泌性中耳炎患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白水平的变化

目的:探讨研究分泌性中耳炎患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白水平变化。方法:选取2008-12/2010-06进行治疗的50例分泌性中耳炎患者为研究对象,将其设为观察组,同时选取同期的50名健康人为对照组,分别检测两组人员外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白水平进行检测及比较。结果:经比较发现,观察组患者CD3+、CD4+及CD8+水平均明显低于对照组,CD4+/CD8+水平则高于对照组,同时血清IgA、IgG、IgM及C3、C4水平也一定程度上均高于对照组,且急性患者水平与慢性患者也有一定差异,经比较,有显著性差异或有非常显著性差异(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:分泌性中耳炎患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白水平均有一定的变化,对于了解患者的发展状况及严重程度等均有积极的意义,因此其水平检测值得临床进一步研究及探讨。     

CIK细胞在慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血中表达及临床意义

目的了解细胞因子诱导杀伤(CIK)细胞在慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血中的水平及临床意义。方法采用流式细胞术对62例慢性乙型肝炎患者(CHB组)及20例健康对照组外周血中的T淋巴细胞亚群、CD3-CD56+NK细胞、CD3+CD56+T淋巴细胞进行标记分析。结果在CHB组和对照组中:慢性乙型肝炎患者CD3+CD4+比例及绝对值与正常对照组比较均明显下降(P<0.05),其中低病毒载量组(HBV-L组)CD3+CD4+的绝对值高于0病毒载量组(HBV-0组)和高病毒载量组(HBV-H组)。慢性乙型肝炎患者CD3+CD8+比例及绝对值与正常对照组比较无差别;慢性乙型肝炎患者CD4/CD8比值与正常对照组比较均明显下降(P<0.05),其中以0病毒载量组(HBV-0组)和高病毒载量组(HBV-H组)降低为主。慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血CD3-CD56+NK细胞与正常组比较百分比无显著差异,绝对值显著低于正常组,各病毒载量组之间无显著差别且均低于正常对照组;CD3+CD56+T淋巴细胞与正常组比较百分比略高于正常组,但无统计学意义,绝对值显著高于正常组,且随着病毒载量的增加而升高。结论乙型肝炎病毒侵入人体,使机体上调了CIK细胞...     

CD40-CD40L在强直性脊柱炎患者外周血淋巴细胞上的表达

目的探讨共刺激分子CD40CD40L在强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者的外周血淋巴细胞亚群上的异常表达与免疫功能紊乱的关系。方法用流式细胞仪采用直接免疫荧光法测定30例AS患者和20例健康对照人外周血淋巴细胞表面标志CD3、CD4、CD8、CD19的表达情况,CD40L在CD4 T和CD8 T细胞上的表达及CD40在CD19 B细胞上的表达。用速率散射比浊法测定血清中免疫球蛋白IgG,IgA和IgM的水平。结果①AS患者CD3 、CD3 CD4 、CD19 细胞较正常对照组显著增高(P<0.05),CD3 CD8 细胞较正常对照组显著降低(P<0.05);②AS患者CD4 T细胞和CD8 T细胞上的CD40L、CD19 B细胞上CD40的表达都较对照组显著增高(P<0.05);③AS患者血清中2种免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA的水平均较对照组显著增高(P<0.05)。结论CD40CD40L途径在AS免疫功能紊乱中起了重要作用。     

丙型肝炎患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群变化特点

目的观察丙型肝炎患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群变化特点。方法对219例丙型肝炎患者和66例健康对照者分别采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测外周血CD45+淋巴细胞,T淋巴细胞(CD45+CD3+、CD45+CD3+CD4+、CD45+CD3+CD8+),B淋巴细胞(CD45+CD3-CD19+),NK细胞(CD45+CD3-CD16+56+)百分比和细胞绝对计数。结果在丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)慢性感染到肝硬化失代偿过程中,淋巴细胞亚群绝对计数出现逐渐下降趋势。慢性丙型肝炎组较健康对照组CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、NK细胞绝对计数明显降低(P0.05)。丙型肝炎肝硬化在早期组和失代偿期组淋巴细胞各亚群计数均较慢性丙型肝炎组明显降低(P0.01),而失代偿期组明显低于早期组(P0.01)。B淋巴细胞百分比以及CD4/CD8比值在慢性感染到肝硬化失代偿过程中出现升高趋势,并在丙型肝炎肝硬化早期和失代偿期时变化明显(P0.01,P0.05),NK淋巴细胞百分比出现明显降低趋势(P0.01)。结论 HCV感染慢性化至肝硬化早期和失代偿期的过程中,外周血CD8+T细胞、CD4+T细胞、NK细胞减少;B细胞百分比、CD4/CD8比值升高。     

传染性单核细胞增多症患儿外周血淋巴细胞亚群的分布及意义

探讨传染性单核细胞增多症(infectious mononucleosis,IM)患儿外周血中淋巴细胞亚群的分布及临床意义。采用流式细胞术检测131例IM患儿和50例体检健康儿童外周血中淋巴细胞亚群的表达,131例IM患儿中有26例患儿收集到对应的丙种球蛋白(intravenous immunoglobulin,IVIG)治疗后全血,流式细胞术检测淋巴细胞亚群在IM患儿IVIG治疗前后分布比例的差异。结果显示,与健康对照组相比,IM患儿CD3~+T细胞和CD8+T细胞的表达水平明显增高(均P<0.000 1),CD4~+T细胞、NK细胞、B淋巴细胞及CD4~+/CD8+T细胞比值水平明显降低(均P<0.000 1)。IM患儿急性期CD4~+、CD8~+T细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+T细胞比值升高及降低水平与患儿外周血异型淋巴细胞升高的百分率呈现正相关趋势。与IVIG治疗前相比,IM患儿IVIG治疗后外周血CD3~+T细胞和CD8~+T细胞的表达水平有所减低,但仍高于健康对照组(均P<0.01),治疗后CD4~+T细胞、NK细胞、B淋巴细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+T细胞比值水平增高,但其中治疗后CD4~+T细胞、B淋巴细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+T细胞比值水平仍显著低于健康对照组(均P<0.01)。综上所述,检测淋巴细胞亚群对IM患儿的细胞免疫状况评估、辅助诊断和指导治疗具有重要的临床意义。     

肺癌患者血管内皮生长因子和T细胞亚群表达的变化

测定和比较83例肺癌患者与60名正常人血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和T细胞亚群(CD3 、CD4 、CD8 、CD8 CD28 )和NK细胞的表达水平,探讨其临床意义,VEGF采用ELISA法,T细胞亚群的表达采用流式细胞仪法。结果表明:肺癌患者VEGF水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。CD4 细胞、CD8 CD28 细胞和NK细胞明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。CD8 细胞则明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。提示肺癌患者血清VEGF增高和细胞免疫功能紊乱,有一定的临床意义。     

乙型肝炎患者免疫球蛋白检测的作用分析

目的 探讨乙型肝炎患者免疫球蛋白检测的临床意义.方法 128例乙肝患者分为急性乙肝组、慢性乙肝组和慢性重型乙肝组,另随机选取同期我院体检健康者40名作为对照组.4组受试者均晨起取空腹静脉血,测定血清免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgA、IgM）.结果乙肝患者IgG、IgM、IgA水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 免疫球蛋白的增多提示患者肝脏细胞的受损加重,在一定程度上也可辅助判定患者肝脏损伤的程度和病情的进展阶段.     

丙型肝炎患者血清瘦素水平和外周血B细胞、T细胞亚群水平与肝功能损伤的相关研究

目的：探讨了血清瘦素水：平和外周胞B细胞、T细胞亚群在丙型肝炎病毒感染造成肝功能损伤过程中的作用。方法：采用放射免疫分析和单克隆抗体法对65例丙型肝炎患者进行了血清瘦素和外周血B细胞、T细胞亚群与肝功能相关的生化指标进行检测,并与35名正常健康人作比较。结果：丙型肝炎患者瘦索、B细胞数均非常显著地高于正常人组（P〈0．01）,而CD3、CIM、CIM／CD8则显著地低于正常人组（P〈0．01）,且与ALT、TBil水平呈明显的正相关。结论：检测丙型肝炎患者血清瘦素水平以及外周血B细胞和T细胞亚群水平的变化在一定程度上反映了机体的免疫功能状态和肝脏的受损程度,具有一定的临床实用价值。     

乙型肝炎患者外周血单核细胞CD14^＋CD16^＋亚群及HLA-DR的检测及其意义

目的：通过检测乙型肝炎患者外周血单核细胞各亚群分布情况以及HLA—DR表达水平,探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血中CD14^＋CD16^＋单核细胞及HLA-DR的表达特点,以及与疾病进程之间的关系。方法：利用流式细胞仪（FCM）检测50例慢性乙型肝炎患者,其中21例免疫耐受（IT）患者、29例免疫活化（IA）患者,及31例正常人外周血CD14、CD16、HLA—DR的表达。同时调查肝功能、乙肝五项和血清HBVDNA等相应临床资料。结果：免疫活化组（IA）的CD14^＋CD16^＋亚群比率明显高于正常对照组和免疫耐受组（IT）（P〈0．01）;单核细胞CD14^＋CD16^＋亚群HLA．DR表达明显高于CD14^＋CD16^＋亚群（P〈0．01）;乙型肝炎患者CD14^＋CD16^＋单核细胞比率与ALT呈正相关（r=0．876,P〈0．01）,与HBVDNA载量成负相关（r=-0．267,P〈0．01）。结论：CD14^＋CD16^＋单核细胞可能在乙型肝炎患者外周血中参与调节针对HBV的免疫反应,CD14^＋CD16^＋单核细胞与HBV复制和肝脏炎症之间存在相关性,因此检测单核细胞CD14^＋CD16^＋亚群及HLA-DR水平对于了解乙型肝炎患者疾病进程具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Effects of iron overload on the immune system

Iron and its binding proteins have immunoregulatory properties, and shifting of immunoregulatory balances by iron excess or deficiency may produce severe, deleterious physiological effects. Effects of iron overload include decreased antibody-mediated and mitogen-stimulated phagocytosis by monocytes and macrophages, alterations in T-lymphocyte subsets, and modification of lymphocyte distribution in different compartments of the immune system. The importance of iron in regulating the expression of T-lymphocyte cell surface markers, influencing the expansion of different T-cell subsets, and affecting immune cell functions can be demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. The poor ability of lymphocytes to sequester excess iron in ferritin may help to explain the immune system abnormalities in iron-overloaded patients. Iron overload as seen in hereditary hemochromatosis patients enhances suppressor T-cell (CD8) numbers and activity, decreases the proliferative capacity, numbers, and activity of helper T cells (CD4) with increases in CD8/CD4 ratios, impairs the generation of cytotoxic T cells, and alters immunoglobulin secretion when compared to treated hereditary hemochromatosis patients or controls. A correlation has recently been found between low CD8+ lymphocyte numbers, liver damage associated with HCV positivity, and severity of iron overload in beta-thalassemia major patients. Iron overload, with its associated increases of serum iron levels and transferrin saturation, may cause a poor response to interferon therapy. Iron overload with hyperferremia is associated with suppressed functions of the complement system (classic or alternative types). High plasma ferritin content in patients with chronic, diffuse diseases of the liver (cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis), beta-thalassemia major, dyserythropoiesis, and hereditary hemochromatosis may induce the development of anti-ferritin antibodies with the production of circulating immune complexes. Increased body stores of iron in various clinical situations may tip the immunoregulatory balance unfavorably to allow increased growth rates of cancer cells and infectious organisms, and complicate the clinical management of preexisting acute and chronic diseases.     

乙型肝炎病毒感染者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群表达与其血清HBV-DNA水平的相关性分析

观察乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染者外周血T细胞亚群功能变化与其血清HBV-DNA水平,探讨病毒复制程度与细胞免疫功能的关系.应用流式细胞术直接荧光法检测142例HBV感染者和35名健康对照者外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群百分率,用荧光定量PCR法检测HBV感染者血清HBV-DNA.结果显示:与健康对照组比较,慢性乙型肝炎组CD4...     

发作期哮喘患者外周血T细胞亚群、B细胞和NK细胞的变化及临床意义

目的：探讨发作期哮喘患者外周血T细胞亚群、B细胞和NK细胞变化及临床意义。方法：采用直接免疫荧光法,用流式细胞术检测30例发作期哮喘患者和30例正常人对照的T细胞亚群、B细胞和NK细胞的变化。结果：与正常对照组比较,发作期哮喘患者CD4^＋T细胞、CD19^＋B细胞和CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值显著增高（P〈0．01）,CD8^＋T细胞显著下降（P〈0．01）和CD56^＋CD16^＋NK细胞下降（P〈0．05）。CD3^＋T细胞无明显变化。结论：发作期哮喘患者的免疫功能紊乱在哮喘发病中起着重要作用。     

慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群与病毒载量的相关性分析

目的:分析慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化以及与HCV病毒载量的相关性,探讨慢性HCV感染慢性化的免疫机理.方法:应用直接免疫荧光-流式细胞术检测47例慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞的相对数量,与35例正常健康人做比较;应用实时荧光定量RT-PCR对其外周血HCV病毒载量进行检测,将慢性HCV感染者分为两组进行比较分析.结果:外周血CD4 T淋巴细胞比例和CD4/CD8比值慢性丙型肝炎患者组低于正常人组(P＜0.05),HCV RNA阳性组与HCV RNA阴性组之间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);NK细胞比例慢性丙型肝炎患者组高于正常人组(P＜0.05),HCV RNA阴性组高于HCV RNA阳性组(P＜0.05).结论:慢性HCV感染者存在细胞免疫功能低下,NK细胞介导非特异性免疫的持续上调,在有效地清除了部分HCV病毒的同时,可能促进了持续性免疫性肝损伤.     

扩张型心肌病可溶性IL－2R、NK活性和T细胞亚群的检测

应用单克隆与多克隆双抗体夹心法检测２０例扩张型心肌病（ＤＣＭ）及２０例正常人（ＮＣ）的血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ），同时测定了外周血自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫ）活性和Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群，结果发现ＤＣＭ患者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显高于ＮＣ组（Ｐ＜０．００１），而ＮＫ活性明显低于ＮＣ组（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＤＣＭ患者Ｔ细胞亚群与ＮＣ组比较，ＣＤ８降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示细胞免疫功能紊乱参与ＤＣＭ的病理过程。     

Activated natural killer cells accelerate liver damage in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Emerging evidence indicates that natural killer (NK) cells may contribute to liver injury in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Because HBV infection progresses through various disease phases, the cytolytic profiles of peripheral and intrahepatic NK cells in HBV‐infected patients remain to be defined. In this study, we comprehensively characterized intrahepatic and peripheral NK cells in a cohort of HBV‐infected individuals, and investigated their impact on liver pathogenesis during chronic HBV infection. The study population included 34 immune‐clearance (IC) patients, 36 immune‐tolerant (IT) carriers and 10 healthy subjects. We found that the activity of peripheral NK cells from IC patients was functionally elevated compared to IT carriers and controls, and NK cell activation was indicated by an increased expression of CD69, CD107a, interferon (IFN)‐γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. Further analysis showed that the increased activity of both peripheral and hepatic NK cells was correlated positively with liver injury, which was assessed by serum alanine aminotransferase levels (ALT) and the liver histological activity index (HAI). Interestingly, the frequency of peripheral NK cells was reduced in IC patients (especially those with higher HAI scores of 3–4), but there was a concomitant increase in hepatic NK cells. The functionally activated NK cells are enriched preferentially in the livers of IC patients and skew towards cytolytic activity that accelerates liver injury in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.     

In vitro study of IgG production and concanavalin A induced suppressor cell function in acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

To investigate the relationship between liver damage and immune regulation in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 68 patients with HBsAg in serum and a spectrum of liver damage have been studied and compared with 25 controls. In HBsAg carriers, spontaneous IgG production was elevated only in those with chronic active hepatitis (P less than 0.05) whilst those with less severe inflammation had values comparable to normals. Concanavalin A (Con A) induced suppressor cell regulation of IgG producing cells was impaired in those with chronic active hepatitis (P less than 0.01) and those with chronic persistent hepatitis (P = 0.05) and there was a correlation in both groups of patients with the severity of portal tract inflammation (P less than 0.05). In contrast those with minimal liver damage had values in the normal range. Patients presenting with acute hepatitis B also had elevated spontaneous IgG production (P less than 0.01) and impaired Con A induced suppressor cell regulation of IgG production (P less than 0.01). Sequential study of three patients prior to the detection of HBsAg in serum and subsequently during and after acute hepatitis B showed that such abnormalities were transient and closely related to the onset of liver damage.