糖尿病性周围神经病神经传导速度的电生理研究

目的:探讨糖尿病性周围神经病的电生理改变特征。方法:对58例临床确诊的Ⅱ型糖尿病(NIDDM)患者和25例健康对照组进行正中神经和腓总神经运动神经传导检测,对刺激所诱发的复合肌肉动作电位进行分析。结果:两组对比,糖尿病组中MCV减慢(72.41%),DPL延长(56.89%),波幅降低(34.48%),时限延长(53.45%),有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:检测和分析正中神经、腓总神经的运动神经传导和复合肌肉动作电位有助于了解糖尿病性远端神经病变的电生理改变,有助于DPN早期诊断和鉴别诊断。     

长期接触二硫化碳工人的运动神经传导研究

目的：研究长期接触二硫化碳（CS2）者运动神经传导的改变,为CS2中毒早期诊断提供依据。方法：对58例接触CS2者（CS2组）和40例正常人（对照组）的双侧正中神经、尺神经、胫神经及腓神经进行神经传导检测。分析指标包括复合肌动作电位（CMAP）的潜伏期、波幅及运动传导速度（MCV）。结果：与对照组比较,长期接触CS2组的运动神经传导检查不仅可见其远端运动潜伏期均延长、MCV减慢,且可见近端运动潜伏期也延长。结论：运动神经传导检测可为早期诊断CS2中毒性周围神经病提供客观依据,其评价指标包括近端潜伏期、远端潜伏期和MCV。     

应用肌电图仪对损伤周围神经行经皮电刺激治疗的方法与疗效评估

目的：评估应用肌电图仪进行经皮电刺激治疗对损伤周围神经功能恢复的促进作用,探讨电刺激治疗的最佳方法.方法：60例经神经电生理检查确诊腓总神经不全损伤的患者,男女不限,年龄20～35岁,采用随机数字表法将患者分为3组（n=20）,非电刺激治疗组（NS组）、电刺激治疗1组（S1组）、电刺激治疗2组（S2组）.NS组不给予电刺激治疗;S1组电刺激治疗每日10分钟,连续10天;S2组电刺激治疗每日10分钟,连续20天.3个月后复查腓总神经传导速度（NCV）与趾短伸肌复合肌肉动作电位（CMAP）波幅,比较3组患者治疗前后腓总神经电生理数据改善程度.结果：（1）NS组、S1组和S2组腓总神经NCV分别增加3.7±2.4 m/s、7.5±4.3 m/s和7.5±3.1 m/s,与NS组比较,S1组和S2组的腓总神经NCV均增加（P＜0.05）;与S1组比较,S2组的腓总神经NCV无增加（P＞0.05）.（2）NS组、S1组和S2组趾短伸肌CMAP波幅分别增加2.7±1.8mv、4.1±1.9mv和5.3±2.0mv,与NS组比较,S1组和S2组的趾短伸肌CMAP波幅均增加（P＜0.05）;与S1组比较,S2组的腓总神经CMAP波幅增加（P＜0.05）.结论：（1）经皮电刺激治疗对不全损伤周围神经功能的恢复有明显的促进作用,表现为NCV增快、CMAP波幅增加.（2）延长经皮电刺激治疗疗程有利于神经功能恢复.     

糖尿病性周围神经病患者的运动神经传导阻滞现象

目的：观察糖尿病性周围神经病（DPN）患者运动神经传导阻滞（CB）的发生率及其与其它神经电生理参数的关系。方法：对346例糖尿病患者的神经电生理检测数据，包括运动神经传导速度（MCV）、F反应、感觉神经传导速度（SCV）等作回顾性分析。并对MCV测定时近、远端刺激引出的复合肌肉动作电位（CMAP）波幅和波面积进行比较，判断是否存在CB。结果：①在346例糖尿病患者中，有CB的病例为57例占16.5％，受检的1345条神经中，有62条神经异常，占4.6％，胫神经异常率最高（13.6％）。②出现CB的患者受检的225条神经中，SCV、F反应、MCV的异常率依次为52.9％、47.4％和45.1％。③出现CB的神经有67.9％伴有F波潜伏期延长和/或F波传导速度减慢，32.1％出现F波时间离散度增加。结论：部分糖尿病患者存在运动神经传导阻滞现象（CB）、胫神经CB出现率最高；运动神经CB多伴有MCV其它参数异常。     

平山病的临床与神经电生理学特点分析

目的：分析平山病的临床与神经电生理学特点,以提高对平山病的诊断水平。方法：对21例确诊为平山病的患者进行运动和感觉传导速度、肌电图（EMG）、F波及交感皮肤反应（SSR）等神经电生理学检查。结果：对126条神经进行检测,神经传导速度（NCV）测定总异常率为16．7％（21／126）,主要表现为远端运动潜伏期（DML）延长及复合肌肉动作电位（CMAP）波幅下降,感觉神经传导速度均正常。F波平均最小潜伏期为（28．70±3．10）ms,平均出现率为47．70％,总异常率为76．2％。患者患侧上肢及对侧上肢远端肌（不包括肱桡肌）EMG呈神经原性改变者分别为1000及90．5％,主要异常表现为出现自发电位运动单位电位（MUP）时限延长、波幅增宽、多相波增多及募集相等异常。上肢远端肌EMG异常率为91．5％,明显高于上肢近端肌的8．0％及下肢肌的3．5％。结论：平山病可出现神经电生理上的亚临床改变,神经电生理检查对其有较高的诊断价值。     

皮肤交感反应在诊断糖尿病性神经病中的应用及其局限性

目的：探讨皮肤交感反应（SSR）在诊断糖尿病性神经病的应用及局限性。方法：检测对象为健康对照组20人，糖尿病组45例。糖尿病组又分为两组：A组为糖尿病未合并多发神经病组20例，B组为糖尿病合并多发神经病组25例。糖尿病组及健康对照组均行正中神经、尺神经、胫神经和腓总神经顺向感觉神经传导速度（SCV）、运动神经传导速度（MCV）检测及腓肠神经逆向SCV和四肢SSR的检测。结果：①所有的健康对照者均引出完整的SSR波；②糖尿病患者中SSR的消失者与SSR出现者的年龄比较差异无显著意义（P=0．608），但糖尿病病程分组比较差异有极显著意义（P=0．0001）；③自主神经症状和体征在糖尿病B组（特别是手足干燥出汗少及无汗者）发生率较糖尿病A组高；④在糖尿病A组的患者中SSR手部异常率为45％（9／20），消失率为5％（1／20），足部的异常率为35％（7／20），消失率为10％（2／20）；糖尿病B组患者SSR手部异常率为84%（21／25），消失率为16％（4／25），足部的异常率为84％（21／25），消失率为44％（11／25），手部SSR异常率B组显著高于A组（P=0．006），足部SSR消失率和异常率也是B组显著高于A组（P=0．02，P=0．001）。所有的患者至少一个肢体SSR异常即计人异常例，异常率为69％（31／45）。结论：SSR对糖尿病性远端对称性周围神经病患者的自主神经功能评估有诊断价值和较高的敏感性，但对糖尿病早期自主神经病的诊断，特别是与临床自主神经功能障碍的症状和体征的相关性评估还有待进一步深入研究。     

日韩健康人运动神经传导的比较

目的：检测健康的日本人和韩国人的末梢神经传导以研究不同国家的国民之间的传导差异,进而探讨各国民族生活习惯对末梢神经传导指标的影响。方法：以40名日本志愿者和30名韩国志愿者为对象,检测正中、尺、胫及腓神经的复合肌肉动作电位（CMAP）和F波,比较日本人和韩国人的神经传导检测结果。结果：经比较,正中、尺、胫及腓神经CMAP的远端波幅（DAmp）平均值,日本组高于韩国组（P〈0．05）;尺神经运动传导速度（MCV）日本组快于韩国组;F波最短潜伏期（F-Lat）日韩两组均有延长现象。腓神经D—Lat和F-Lat,日本组较韩国组延长;日本组中,腓神经DLat大于（x±s）的神经组的DAmp和F-Lat低下或延长。结论：正中、尺、胫及腓神经CMAP的DAmp,日本组高于韩国组;提示日韩两组均有腕肘部潜在性尺神经损伤;日本组中,可观察到踝前部的潜在性腓神经损伤。推测日常生活中的频繁而反复的轻微外伤以及日本人的正坐习惯是导致腕肘部及踝前部的潜在性神经损伤的根源。     

危重病性多发性神经病患者神经电生理分析

目的：分析10例危重病性多发性神经病患者的神经电生理特点,企为临床提供客观诊断依据。方法：回顾性分析10例确诊为危重病性多发性神经病患者的神经电生理检查结果。检测神经包括上肢正中神经、尺神经,下肢腓总神经、胫神经、腓肠神经,检测肌肉为第一骨间肌、拇短展肌、三角肌、胫前肌、股直肌、肋间内外肌。观察电生理参数：运动及感觉神经传导速度,运动及感觉神经诱发电位波幅,运动神经远端潜伏期,肌肉自发电位,运动单位电位时限及大力募集情况。结果：运动神经传导速度减慢8例,运动神经远端潜伏期延长3例,运动神经诱发电位波幅降低6例,感觉神经传导速度降慢4例,感觉神经诱发电位波幅降低2例,针肌电图可见神经原性损害4例,神经原性与肌原性混合损害2例。结论：危重病性多发性神经病的神经电生理表现具有多样性,重症患者早期及多次电生理检测对于疾病诊断、动态评估病情有重要意义。     

吉兰-巴雷综合征患者肌电图及神经传导速度检测

目的：探讨吉兰-巴雷综合征（GBS）的电生理改变特点。方法：对32例GBS患者进行肌电图（EMG）、神经电图及F波检测。测定运动神经传导速度（MCV）、感觉神经传导速度（SCV）及末端潜伏期（Lat）和波幅（Amp）;测定F波最短潜伏期、出现率。结果：肢体神经远端潜伏期延长占53．7％,MCV减慢占68．7％。F波异常占91．8％,SCV减慢占64．4％,EMG提示神经源性改变占71．9％。结论：GBS为广泛的周围神经损害,神经肌电图电生理检测在GBS诊断中起着重要的作用,对于吉兰一巴雷综合征的诊断及预后具有重要价值。     

糖尿病周围神经病变患者电生理特点及相关危险因素

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者周围神经病变的电生理特点以及疾病相关危险因素。方法 选取2021年11月至2022年3月在无锡市人民医院就诊的210例2型糖尿病患者,根据周围神经临床症状、体征将患者分为有症状组(108例)和无症状组(102例)。通过测定单侧肢体的正中神经、尺神经、腓总神经的运动传导速度(MNCV)、复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)波幅、运动远端潜伏期(DML)以及正中神经、尺神经、腓浅神经的感觉传导速度(SNCV)、感觉神经动作电位(SNAP)波幅,分析两组患者电生理特点以及糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的危险因素。结果 有症状组的年龄大于无症状组,病程长于无症状组,空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖比无症状组高,有症状组的舒张压比无症状组高,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有症状组正中神经、尺神经和腓总神经MNCV均较无症状组减慢(P<0.01),正中神经、尺神经的DML较无症状组延长(P<0.01),波幅较无症状组降低(P=0.05)。有症状组正中神经、尺神经和腓浅神经SNCV均较无症状组减慢,波幅较无症状组降低(P均<0.05)。logistic单因素回归...     

复合肌肉动作电位与周围神经损伤程度的相关性研究

目的:分析45例腓总神经不全损伤患者复合肌肉动作电位（CMAP）的波幅、时程,探讨其与周围神经损伤程度的关系。方法 :选择2012年1月至2012年12月就诊于我院的45例不同程度腓总神经不全损伤患者,根据患者胫前肌肌力级别将45例患者分为三组（n=15）:胫前肌肌力4-5级（P₁组）、胫前肌肌力2-3级（P₂组）、胫前肌肌力1级（P₃组）。应用肌电诱发电位仪记录45例患者的CMAP波形,测量CMAP波幅与时程。采用SPSS13.0统计软件对数据进行秩和检验,分析各组间CMAP波幅与时程的差别。结果 :（1）P₁组、P₂组和P₃组腓总神经-胫前肌CMAP平均波幅分别为7.1±0.2mv、3.3±0.3mv和0.5±0.1mv;P₂组、P₃组与P₁组相比,波幅均有显著性差异（P<0.05）;P₃组与P₂组相比,波幅亦有显著性差异（P<0.05）。（2）P₁组、P₂组和P₃组腓总神经-胫前肌CMAP平均时程分别为11.4±0.4ms、16.9±0.6ms和23.3±1.2ms;P₂组、P₃组与P₁组相比,时程均有显著性差异（P<0.05）;P₃组与P₂组相比,时程亦有显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论 :（1）CMAP波幅、时程有助于评价周围神经受损的严重程度。（2）CMAP波幅降低提示有功能的周围神经轴突数量减少,时程延长反映了周围神经的脱髓鞘损害。     

Trapezius CMAP amplitude asymmetry in accessory neuropathy.

In accessory neuropathy electrodiagnosis, upper trapezius compound muscle action potential (CMAP) latencies and amplitudes are commonly measured. The few prior reports describing middle and lower trapezius recording have traditionally emphasized latency value determination. The utility of amplitude measurement with middle and lower trapezius recording has not, to our knowledge, been previously described in individual patients with accessory neuropathy. We report three patients (A-C) who developed unilateral accessory neuropathy following surgical procedures. Accessory nerve conduction studies were performed with surface recording over the upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscles. Latency values were normal except for a prolonged lower trapezius latency value in patient B. Side-side trapezius amplitude comparisons revealed striking asymmetries from all three recording sites in patients A and B (71-95% CMAP amplitude decrements) and in the lower trapezius recording of patient C. Middle and lower trapezius side-side CMAP amplitude comparisons may increase the sensitivity of accessory neuropathy electrodiagnosis.     

Correlation between the size of the compound muscle and sensory nerve action potentials recorded from the foot in distal axonopathy

Nerve conduction study was performed on 71 diabetic patients with distal sensorimotor axonopathy. Of 76 lower limbs studied, 46.1% showed no recordable sural compound sensory nerve action potential (CSNAP), and 55.3% no superficial peroneal CSNAP. Only 2.6% revealed no recordable compound muscle action potential (CMAP) from the abductor hallucis (AH) muscle, and 9.2% showed no obtainable CMAP from the extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) muscle. There were fairly good positive correlations between the amplitudes of the sural CSNAPs and AH CMAPs (r = 0.66), and between the superficial peroneal CSNAP and EDB CMAP amplitudes (r = 0.63). There were no instances in which a CSNAP could be obtained from the sural or superficial peroneal sensory nerve, but a CMAP could not be recorded from the AH or EDB muscle. If the CMAP amplitudes of the AH and EDB muscles were reduced to less than 0.3 mV, usually a CSNAP could longer be recorded from the sural and superficial peroneal sensory nerves. The size of the CSNAP is a more sensitive measure compared to the CMAP in revealing the presence of distal sensorimotor axonopathy.     

Prevalence and risk factors for severity of diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (severity wise) and associated risk factors in a population having type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A population-based sample of 1401 persons with diabetes (identified as per the WHO criteria) underwent comprehensive eye examination including stereoscopic digital photography (45° four field) for diabetic retinopathy grading. Vibration perception threshold (VPT) measurements were done to assess neuropathy (cut off ≥ 20 V). Severity of neuropathy was graded into three groups based on VPT score as mild (20-24.99 V), moderate (25-38.99 V), and severe (≥39 V). Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to find out the independent risk factors for severity of diabetic neuropathy. Results: In the overall group, the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy was 18.84% (95% CI: 16.79-20.88). The prevalence of mild diabetic neuropathy was 5.9% (95% CI: 4.68-7.15), moderate diabetic neuropathy was 7.9% (95% CI: 6.50-9.33), and severe diabetic neuropathy was 5% (95% CI: 3.86-6.14). Increasing age per year (P < 0.0001) was a statistically significant risk factor for all - mild, moderate, and severe - types of diabetic neuropathy. For severe diabetic neuropathy, other significant risk factors were duration of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.027), macroalbuminuria (P = 0.001), and presence of diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.020). Conclusions: The results suggested that every fifth individual in a population of type 2 diabetes is likely to have diabetic neuropathy. Nearly 13% had neuropathy of moderate and severe category, making this group vulnerable for complications such as foot ulceration or lower limb amputation.     

The usefulness of minimal F-wave latency and sural/radial amplitude ratio in diabetic polyneuropathy

The possibility of whether minimal F-wave latency and a simple ratio between the sural and superficial radial sensory response amplitudes may provide a useful electrodiagnostic test in diabetic patients was investigated in this report. To evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of minimal F-wave latency, the Z-scores of the minimal F-wave latency, motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV), amplitude of compound muscle action potentials (CMAP), and distal latency (DL) of the median, ulnar, tibial, and peroneal nerve were compared in 37 diabetic patients. For the median, ulnar, and tibial nerves, the Z scores of the minimal F-wave latency were significantly larger than those of the MCV. In addition for all four motor nerves, the Z scores of the minimal F-wave latency were significantly larger than those for the CMAP amplitude. Furthermore, 19 subjects showing abnormal results in the standard sensory nerve conduction study had a significantly lower sural/radial amplitude ratio (SRAR), and 84% of them had an SRAR of less than 0.5. In conclusion, minimal F-wave latency and the ratio between the amplitudes of the sural and superficial radial sensory nerve action potential are sensitive measures for the detection of nerve pathology and should be considered in electrophysiologic studies of diabetic polyneuropathy.     

Surface compound action potentials recorded from different locations on the anterior tibial muscle

Supramaximal CMAPs to peroneal nerve stimulation at the knee were recorded from 5 locations on the anterior tibial muscle in 24 patients (30 muscles). The active recording locations were: midpoint of the muscle belly, at 4 cm distal and proximal to it, and at 2 cm lateral and medial to it. Reference electrode was at the medial malleolus. CMAP duration, amplitude, and area were measured, and ratios of their corresponding minimum to maximum values were computed. Thirteen patients (15 muscles) had normal nerve conduction and needle EMG studies. Mean ratios of minimum to maximum values were duration = 0.89, amplitude = 0.67, and area = 0.75. Eleven patients (15 muscles) had abnormal studies, and the mean ratios of minimum to maximum values were duration = 0.87, amplitude = 0.66, and area = 0.71. CMAP duration, unlike amplitude and area, appears least likely to be influenced by the recording electrode location, and is a more stable and reproducible measure during nerve conduction studies. The maximum (or minimum) values in the CMAP duration, amplitude, and area frequently do not coincide to one electrode recording location. A majority of the CMAPs recorded from different muscle locations had an initial negative phase, suggesting that the endplate zones of the anterior tibial muscle are dispersed rather than concentrated in a small region.     

糖尿病性NA-AION的图形视觉诱发电位的研究

目的 研究糖尿病非动脉炎性前段缺血性视神经病变(NA-AION)的图形视觉诱发电位(P-VEP)P100波潜伏期和振幅的变化。方法 将有糖尿病且无糖尿病性视网膜病变的NA-AION患者17例纳入A组,将非增生期糖尿病视网膜病变的NA-AION患者21例纳入B组,将增生期糖尿病视网膜病变的NA-AION患者20例纳入C组,将无糖尿病的NA-AION患者25例纳入D组,行PVEP检查。结果 A、B、C、D组P100波0.25度方格平均潜伏期分别为127.27 ms、132.37 ms、139.58 ms、125.46 ms,振幅分别为119.13 μv、124.61μv、135.62 μv、116.08 μv,A、B、C组与D组P100波潜伏期、振幅分别比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,1度方格结果同0.25度方格。结论 糖尿病性NA-AION患者视神经功能较非糖尿病性NA-AION患者下降更为明显,控制糖尿病可能会有效的减少NA-AION的发生。