趋化因子受体4与肿瘤

趋化因子受体4（CXCR4）属于G蛋白耦联受体超家族,具有趋化免疫细胞、维持免疫细胞的动态平衡等生物学作用。CXCR4表达于多种类型的组织和细胞,在多种肿瘤及肿瘤的不同阶段,CXCR4的表达都明显高于正常组织。CXCR4与肿瘤细胞的增殖、黏附、侵袭和转移有关,在肿瘤的进展中发挥重要作用。     

趋化因子受体4与肿瘤

趋化因子受体4（CXCR4）属于G蛋白耦联受体超家族,具有趋化免疫细胞、维持免疫细胞的动态平衡等生物学作用。CXCR4表达于多种类型的组织和细胞,在多种肿瘤及肿瘤的不同阶段,CXCR4的表达都明显高于正常组织。CXCR4与肿瘤细胞的增殖、黏附、侵袭和转移有关,在肿瘤的进展中发挥重要作用。     

趋化因子CXCL12及其受体CXCR4与乳腺癌

 趋化因子CXCL12及其受体CXCR4在乳腺癌发生发展的多个过程中受到多种因素调控并表达,并且多项研究证实CXCL12及CXCR4不但有助于判断乳腺癌患者的预后,而且针对CXCR4的治疗更为乳腺癌患者提供了新的联合治疗方案,给患者更为理想的治疗。     

趋化因子受体CXCR7及其与肿瘤的关系

CXCR7是继CXCR4之后发现的趋化因子CXCL12的新受体.目前研究表明,CXCL12/CXCR7生物轴对多种肿瘤的发展有重要影响,与CXCL12/CXCR4生物轴的作用有一定相似性.CXCR7广泛表达于多种肿瘤组织及肿瘤细胞,在肿瘤细胞的生长增殖、黏附迁徙中起重要作用.抑制CXCR7表达或阻断其信号传导通路可能为肿瘤治疗提供新策略.     

CXCL12和CXCR4在食管鳞癌组织中的表达及其与预后的关系

背景与目的：新近研究显示CXCL12／CXCR4在多种肿瘤组织中有表达,并与肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭特性相关;本研究旨在检测CXCL12及其受体CXCR4在食管鳞癌中的表达,研究两者对食管癌预后的影响及其与临床及病理因素之间的关系。方法：收集食管癌术后标本186例及正常食管上皮组织20例（对照组）,应用免疫组化法检测食管癌组织中CXCR4与CXCL12的表达。结果：186例食管癌组织中CXCR4的表达率为67．2％,CXCL12的表达率为63．4％,20例正常食管上皮组织中无CXCR4及CXC112蛋白表达。多因素分析：PTNM分期及CXCR4的表达是影响食管癌根治术后患者预后的独立因素（P〈0．05）：CXCL12阳性组与阴性组5年生存率分别为18．8％和21．0％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。CXCR4阳性组与阴性组5年生存率分别为2．2％和28．5％。差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;有淋巴结转移组及病理分期T3期组CXCR4表达率较无淋巴结转移组及病理分期T1-2组高（P〈0．05）,食管癌组织中CXCR4的表达与CXCL12的表达之间无相关性。结论：CXCL12和CXCR4在食管癌组织中均有较高的表达,CXCR4的表达水平与食管肿瘤的发展及预后有一定的关系。     

CXCR7/CXCL12与乳腺癌淋巴结转移的关系

目的探讨CXCR7/CXCL12在乳腺癌淋巴结转移中的作用。方法应用Western blot法,检测乳腺癌组织中CXCR7/CXCL12的表达情况。结果乳腺癌组织中CXCR7/CXCL12表达水平明显高于正常乳腺组织(P<0.05);48例淋巴结转移癌组织中36例CXCR7/CXCL12蛋白表达水平高于原发癌组织;CXCR7/CXCL12表达水平与肿瘤淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05)。结论 CXCR7/CXCL12在乳腺癌及其淋巴结转移癌组织中均呈高表达,CXCR7/CXCL12可能在乳腺癌淋巴结转移过程中起重要作用。     

宫颈腺癌细胞CXCR4/CXCL12过表达与淋巴结转移和慢性炎症的关系

背景与目的:CXCL12是一种炎症趋化因子,CXCR4是其特异性受体.有文献报道CXCR4参与多种恶性肿瘤的转移过程.但CXCR4/CXCL12在宫颈腺癌细胞中表达的意义鲜见报道.本研究探讨CXCR4/CXCL12在宫颈腺癌细胞中过表达与淋巴结转移及宫颈慢性炎症程度的相关性.方法:收集35例行子宫颈癌根治术的Ⅰ B1～ⅡB期宫颈腺癌标本,其中有淋巴结转移组8例,无淋巴结转移组27例.组织切片行CXCR4和CXCL12免疫组化染色及HE染色,90%以上肿瘤细胞强着色定义为过表达.采用Fisher's精确概率检验法、卡方检验及Pearson相关检验分析结果.结果:35例均有不同数量肿瘤细胞表达CXCR4.有淋巴结转移组CXCR4过表达率(62.50%,5/8)高于无淋巴结转移组(22.00%,6/27),P＜0.05.临床Ⅰ B期有淋巴结转移组CXCR4过表达率(33.33%,1/3)高于无淋巴结转移组(26.01%,6/23),但P＞0.05;临床ⅡB期,有淋巴结转移组CXCR4过表达率高于无淋巴结转移组(80.00%,4/5 vs.0.00%,0/4),P＜0.05.CXCR4过表达预测淋巴结转移的阳性预测值为45.45%,阴性预测值为87.50%.35例中33例有数量不等的肿瘤细胞表达CXCL12.无论有淋巴结转移组或无淋巴结转移组,临床Ⅱ期病例CXCL12过表达率均明显高于I B期(0.00% vs.80.00%,21.73% vs.75.00%),P＜O.05.23例临床Ⅰ B期无淋巴结转移组,CXCR4过表达率与CXCL12过表达率呈正相关(P＜0.05):但在Ⅰ B期有淋巴结转移组(3例)及ⅡB期(9例)病例组,两者间无相关性.35例病例均伴有不同程度慢性炎症,炎性浸润主要为淋巴细胞.CXCL12过表达率与宫颈慢性炎症浸润程度无相关性,P＞0.05.结论:宫颈腺癌细胞CXCR4过表达提示具有较高淋巴结转移潜能.随着肿瘤进展,CXCL12过表达率也随之升高.宫颈腺癌中慢性炎症细胞可能由其它趋化因子吸引所致,而非CXCL12.     

CXCL12/CXCR4信号通路对肿瘤的作用及机制的研究进展

随着环境污染的加剧和老龄社会的来临,肿瘤的发病率不断升高,对肿瘤诊治的研究有十分重要的意义.目前,对肿瘤的诊治的研究也进入了分子水平,CXCL12/CXCR4信号通路对多种肿瘤的生物学行为有重要的影响,对其进行研究也是近年来的热点.本文将对CXCL12/CXCR4信号通路对肿瘤的作用及机制进行综述.     

趋化因子CXCL12及其受体在人前列腺癌嗜神经过程中的表达及相关机制

目的：阐述CXCL12-CXCR4在前列腺癌嗜神经过程中的作用及相关机制。方法：H＆E染色观察前列腺癌细胞对肿瘤组织及其周围神经的浸润，免疫组织化学方法检测CXCL12和CXCR4、MMP-2、MMP-9在22例人前列腺癌和20例前列腺增生组织中的表达差别，浸润神经的肿瘤细胞CXCR4和CXCL12的表达。结果：在人前列腺癌组织中，存在着较明显的肿瘤细胞侵犯神经现象，人前列腺癌组织中CXCL12、CXCR4、MMP-2和MMP-9表达阳性率均较前列腺增生组织明显升高（P〈0．05），侵犯神经的肿瘤细胞表达CXCR4，神经组织内神经鞘膜细胞表达CXCL12。结论：在前列腺癌组织中存在肿瘤细胞嗜神经现象，肿瘤肿瘤细胞分泌CXCL12，CXCR4与MMP-2、MMP-9促进了癌细胞的嗜神经浸润。     

CXCL12-CXCR4生物学轴与甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移的相关性研究

探讨CXCL12-CXCR4生物学轴与甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移的相关性。方法:采用半定量RT-PCR和免疫组织化学法分别检测72例新鲜甲状腺乳头状癌及淋巴结组织,52例甲状腺乳头状癌及淋巴结石蜡组织中CXCR4、CXCL12 mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果:甲状腺乳头状癌组织及转移灶组织中CXCR4 mRNA及蛋白高表达,淋巴结转移组的表达显著高于非转移组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;颈部淋巴结组织中CXCL12 mRNA及蛋白均高表达,转移淋巴结及非转移淋巴结差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:CXCR4、CXCL12的表达与甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移密切相关,推测CXCL12-CXCR4生物学轴在甲状腺乳头状癌转移的过程中发挥重要作用,CXCR4可作为抑制甲状腺乳头状癌转移的有效靶点。      

CXCL12-CXCR4生物学轴在胰腺癌中的表达及其与血管生成的相关性

肿瘤转移是一个复杂的、非随机的多步骤过程,肿瘤细胞的运动迁移、黏附、生长、新血管生成、特异性转移器官的归巢和逃避免疫等关键步骤.近年来的研究显示,趋化因子CXCL12与其特异性受体CXCR4所构成的CXCL12-CXCR4生物学轴,在多种肿瘤的播散和器官特异性转移中发挥重要作用.     

CXCL12及受体CXCR4在卵巢上皮性癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨趋化因子CXCL12及其受体CXCR4在卵巢上皮性癌组织中的表达及与临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测6例正常卵巢表面上皮、44例卵巢上皮性癌原发灶和30例相应大网膜转移灶组织中的CXCL12和CXCR4蛋白表达。结果:正常卵巢表面上皮无CXCL12和CXCR4蛋白表达;卵巢上皮性癌原发灶的CXCL12和CXCR4表达阳性率分别为91%和59%。CXCL12表达强度与术中腹水量有显著相关性(P=0.014)。难治复发组的CXCR4阳性率(81%)显著高于无复发组(28%,P<0.001)。单因素分析显示:CXCR4阳性表达的患者中位数肿瘤无进展生存时间和总生存时间(15个月、27个月)明显短于CXCR4阴性表达者(>21个月、>32个月,分别为P<0.001和P=0.017)。多因素分析显示:CXCR4表达和残余灶大小是影响卵巢上皮性癌患者的肿瘤无进展生存时间和总生存时间的独立预后因素。结论:CXCR4在卵巢上皮性癌中的表达阳性率较高,是影响其预后的独立指标之一。     

The Role of chemokine receptor CXCR4 in breast cancer metastasis

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. Breast cancer-related mortality is associated with the development of metastatic potential of primary tumor lesions. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been found to be a prognostic marker in various types of cancer, including breast cancer. Recent advances in the field of cancer biology has pointed to the critical role that CXCR4 receptor and its ligand CXCL12 play in the metastasis of various types of cancer, including breast cancer. Breast tumors preferentially metastasize to the lung, bones and lymph nodes, all of which represent organs that secrete high levels of CXCL12. CXCL12 acts as a chemoattractant that drives CXCR4-positive primary tumor cells towards secondary metastatic sites leading to the onset of metastatic lesions. Since its discovery in 2001, the CXCR4 field has progressed at a very fast rate and further studies have pointed to the role of CXCR4 in dissemination of tumor cells from primary sites, transendothelial migration of tumor cells as well as the trafficking and homing of cancer stem cells. This review summarizes the information that has been obtained over the years regarding the role of CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling in breast cancer, discusses its potential application to the development of new therapeutic tools for breast cancer control, and elucidates the potential therapeutic challenges which lie ahead and the future directions that this field can take for the improvement of prognosis in breast cancer patients.     

CXCL12/CXCR4生物学轴诱导前列腺癌骨转移的作用机制研究进展

研究发现趋化因子CXCL12(Stromal-derived factor-1,SDF-1)和受体CXCR4[chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4]广泛表达于组织和器官上,相关的研究发现其与前列腺癌细胞的黏附、侵袭、增殖和生存有关,并认为其在前列腺癌骨转移的发生中发挥重要作用.通过阐明CXCL12/CXCR4生物学轴和前列腺癌骨转移之间的关系,从而寻找有助于疾病治疗的新途径.     

趋化因子CXCL12及其受体在人前列腺癌嗜神经过程中表达及相关机制

目的:阐述CXCL12-CXCR4在前列腺癌嗜神经过程中的作用及相关机制.方法:H＆E染色观察前列腺癌细胞对肿瘤组织及其周围神经的浸润.免疫组织化学方法检测CXCL12和CXCR4、MMP-2、MMP-9在22例人前列腺癌和20例前列腺增生组织中的表达差别,浸润神经的肿瘤细胞CXCR4和CXCL12的表达.结果:在人前列腺癌组织中,存在着较明显的肿瘤细胞侵犯神经现象,人前列腺癌组织中CXCL12、CXCR4、MMP-2和MMP-9表达阳性率均较前列腺增生组织明显升高(P<0.05),侵犯神经的肿瘤细胞表达CXCR4,神经组织内神经鞘膜细胞表达CXCL12.结论:在前列腺癌组织中存在肿瘤细胞嗜神经现象,肿瘤肿瘤细胞分泌CXCL12,CXCR4与MMP-2、MMP-9促进了癌细胞的嗜神经浸润.     

The chemokine, CXCL12, is an independent predictor of poor survival in ovarian cancer

Background:

The chemokine CXCL12 and its cognate receptor, CXCR4, have been implicated in numerous tumour types where expression promotes tumour growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and suppresses tumour immunity.

Methods:

Using a tissue microarray of 289 primary ovarian cancers coupled to a comprehensive database of clinicopathological variables, the expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 was assessed by immunohistochemistry and its impact in terms of survival and clinicopathological variables was determined.

Results:

Patients whose tumours expressed high levels of CXCL12 had significantly poorer survival (P=0.026) than patients whose tumours failed to produce this chemokine. Lack of CXCL12 expression within tumours was associated with a 51-month survival advantage for patients when compared with patients whose tumours expressed high levels of CXCL12. FIGO stage, adjuvant chemotherapy and the absence of macroscopic disease after surgery were all shown to predict prognosis independently of each other in this cohort of patients. CXCL12 was independently predictive of prognosis on multivariate analysis (P=0.016). There was no correlation between CXCL12 and any clinicopathological variable.

Conclusion:

The chemokine CXCL12 is an independent predictor of poor survival in ovarian cancer. High expression of CXCL12 was seen in only 20% of the tumours, suggesting a role for anti-CXCL12/CXCR4 therapy in the management of these patients.     

Expression of CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 correlates with lymph node metastasis in submucosal esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 are involved in cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis, and promote organ-specific localization of distant metastases in various carcinomas. We examined their expression and microvessel density (MVD) in submucosal esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and analyzed their connection to clinicopathological findings including lymph node micrometastasis (LMM). METHODS: Eighty-six patients with submucosal ESCC underwent curative resection from 1985 to 2002. Immunohistochemical staining of CXCL12, CXCR4, and CD34 was performed with primary tumors, and staining of cytokeratin was performed with dissected lymph nodes. MVD was calculated from CD34 expression, and LMM detected by cytokeratin staining. RESULTS: Expression of CXCL12, but not CXCR4, correlated with lymph node metastasis. There was no significant correlation between the expression of CXCL12 and/or CXCR4 and MVD. LMM was detected in 8 cases and 14 lymph nodes. CXCL12 expression and high MVD were found in tumors with lymph node metastasis including LMM. Furthermore, in the CXCR4-positive tumors, positive CXCL12 expression was more significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and/or LMM than negative CXCL12 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of CXCL12 and CXCR4 expression should assist detection of lymph node metastasis including LMM in submucosal ESCC.     

CXCL12／CXCR4生物轴与消化系统恶性肿瘤

消化系统恶性肿瘤发病率及死亡率均远远高于其它系统恶性肿瘤，对消化系统恶性肿瘤的预防和治疗研究亟待进一步深入。细胞移位是相当多病理生理过程的基本步骤，包括恶性肿瘤细胞的生长及转移。越来越多地研究认为肿瘤细胞通过化学趋化因子及其相应受体介导的化学趋化机制调节其生长和转移，趋化因子在恶性肿瘤中具有多方面作用，归纳为：①诱导白细胞向肿瘤组织浸润，调节免疫功能，尤其是肿瘤相关的巨噬细胞、T细胞和树突状细胞；②引导肿瘤细胞迁移到特定部位；③调节血管生成；④直接活化肿瘤细胞，调控其恶性肿瘤相关的功能表现。近年研究发现，趋化因子CXCL12及其受体CXCR4构成的生物轴在包括乳腺癌在内的多种实体瘤的生长、转移中发挥重要作用。CXCL12／CXCR4生物轴与消化系统恶性肿瘤之间关系密切，CXCL12的刺激促进CXCR4的表达及消化系统恶性肿瘤的转移；CXCR4持续高表达预示肿瘤的复发及预后不良；在CXCL12作用下，肿瘤细胞黏附／迁移和增殖能力亦显著增强，这些效应被CXCR4的抗体所拮抗。未来研究寄希望通过拮抗影响肿瘤转移的CXCL12与CXCR4等趋化因子及其受体的作用来阻断消化系统恶性肿瘤转移，将可能会成为一种新的治疗消化系统恶性肿瘤的有效途径。