莲蒲双清片大鼠30天长期毒性试验

莲蒲双清片,连续30天灌胃给药大鼠3.0、1.5、0.6g/kg(大、中、小)三剂量组,对照给蒸馏水。连续给药30天,三个剂量组动物的外观体征、行为活动无明显异常。饲料日耗量随体重增长而增加,随体重增大和时间的延长趋于稳定或减少,各组动物对饲料消耗量无明显差异。体重增长快,给药30天与给药前     

长效缓释十八甲炔诺酮微囊抗生育实验研究

新型生物降解性嵌段共聚物(ε-已内酯与D,L-丙交酯)的十八甲炔诺酮药物微囊,按人用量20,40,60,80,120,160及200倍的剂量进行小鼠体内抗生育试验,经皮下,肌肉及腹腔内给药,在第三天交配,连续观察三个月,结果显示了不同剂量组均有不同程度的抗生育作用。实验组生育母鼠只数与空白对照组相比,生育率降低90％(120倍),而160倍无一只母鼠生育,但给药后所生育胎鼠无任何畸形,其数量与空白对照组相比基本相同。整个实验动物无毒性反应。并能保持药物的体内释放及抗生育作用。     

国产DHAQ(Mitoxantrone)对兔的长期毒性试验

健康成年日本大耳白兔60只,随机分成DHAQ高剂量组(D高组,0.18mg/kg/d)、低剂量组(D低组,O.09mg/kg/d)和生理盐水组,连续静脉注射给药18天,处死半数动物,余下者停药继续观察25天,比较动物给药前、给药期及停药后的一般状况、各项生理、生化指标并作病理组织学检查。结果发现D高组给药一周后食欲普遍下降、活动减少、消     

腰息痛胶囊(内容物)大鼠90天长期毒性试验

腰息痛胶囊(内容物),连续90天灌胃大鼠1、0.5、0.25g/kg(大、中、小)三剂量组,对照组给蒸馏水,以及停药恢复期观察15天。 连续给药90天,三个剂量组动物的外观体征、行为活动无明显异常。饲料日耗量随体重增长而增加,随体重增大和时间的延长趋于稳定,各组动物对饲料消耗量无明显差别。体重增长迅速,给药90天与给     

咽喉康胶囊(内容物)Beagle犬180天长期毒性试验

咽喉康胶囊(内容物)1250.0、625.0、312.5mg/kg(大、中、小)三个剂量,经Beagle犬连续180天口服给药和停药恢复期观察30天。 给药后各剂量组动物均未见异常。体重增长,备组给药180天与药前第2次自身体重比较,均有非常显著差异(P<0.01),平均体重增长大剂量4.02kg,中     

咽喉康胶囊(内容物)大鼠180天长期毒性试验

咽喉康胶囊(内容物),连续180天灌胃大鼠2500、1250、500mg/kg(大、中、小)三剂量组,对照组给蒸馏水溶液,以及停药恢复期观察30天。 连续给药180天,三个剂量组动物的外观体征、行为活动无明显异常。饲料日耗量随体重增长而增     

中药怡尔美口服液(浸膏)药理试验

怡尔美口服液(浸膏)经小鼠一日内分2次,以最大浓度和最大体积灌胃给药,累计给药剂量540g/kg原生药,动物出现不同程度的腹泻,12小时后症状消失,观察7天未见异常,无一只动物死亡,平均体重增长1.23克,解剖观察各主要脏器无肉眼可见病变。 怡尔美口服液20g/kg、6.67g/kg,连续7日给药,     

黄精多糖克疱霜家犬60天皮肤、阴道长期毒性试验

连续60天给家犬完整皮肤和破损皮肤涂抹黄精多糖克疱霜,1000、500、250mg/kg(大、中、小)三剂量组,对照组100mg/kg 赋型剂(基质).连续60天给家犬阴道黄精多糖克疱霜,300、150、75mg/kg,对照组给赋型剂(基质)300mg/kg,以及停药恢复期观察15天。 连续给药60天,三个剂量组动物的外观体征、行为活动无明显异常,对完整皮肤无影响,未见有红斑、水肿等刺激反应,对破损皮肤的正常干痂脱落以及修     

软肝丸大鼠长期毒性试验

软肝丸剂量分别为6g/kg、12g/kg、24g/kg,连续灌胃给药180天,结果各组动物外观、体重、血液细胞学、血液生化学、尸解、脏器系数、病理组织学检查和恢复试验结果与对照组比较无明显差异。     

左旋甲基色氨酸在小鼠母胎界面诱发免疫耐受失衡

目的探讨是左旋-1-甲基色氨酸(1-L-MT)还是右旋-1-甲基色氨酸(1-D-MT)在小鼠母胎界面诱发母胎免疫耐受失衡。方法雌性BALB/c小鼠与雄性C57BL/6J小鼠交配后,自妊娠第6.5天起分别给予1-L-MT、1-D-MT、有机溶剂,共10 d,于妊娠第16.5天处死孕鼠,应用高效液相色谱法检测胎盘组织中哚胺2,3-二氧化酶(IDO)活性,流式细胞技术检测蜕膜组织中IFN-γ/IL-4比率,并对比妊娠结局。结果 1-L-MT给药组胎盘组织中IDO活性明显低于1-D-MT组及对照组,而1-D-MT组与对照组间无统计学差异;蜕膜组织中IFN-γ/IL-4比率高于1-D-MT组及对照组,而1-D-MT组与对照组间无统计学差异;胎鼠数量及体质量明显低于1-D-MT组及对照组,而1-D-MT组与对照组间无统计学差异。结论 1-L-MT而非1-D-MT通过抑制IDO活性在小鼠母胎界面诱发母胎免疫耐受失衡。     

The effects of cyclophosphamide and irradiation singly and in combination upon SaI growth in A/J mice.

The effects of various doses of cyclophosphamide and low-dose (15 rads) radiation upon the size of tumors caused by 10(4) Sarcoma I (SaI) cells was determined. In intact A/Jax (A/J) recipients, the effect of the two agents singly and in combination was found to be dependent especially upon the dosage of cyclophosphamide and the time of its administration in relation to tumor inoculation. In cell transfer experiments to adult thymectomized, lethally irradiated, bone-marrow-restored (ATxXBM) mice, the effects of cyclophosphamide and irradiation appeared to be either overlapping (low dosages of cyclophosphamide) or additive (dosages of cyclophosphamide greater than or equal to 50 mg/kg), suggesting that the two agents exert their influence in dissimilar fashion, perhaps by injuring different cell types with the same basic function. The most pronounced conjoint effects are seen when low dosages of cyclophosphamide are given 3 days after the adoptive transfer of spleen cells from mice pretreated with low-dose irradiation. The implications of this observation with respect to immunotherapy are discussed.     

In vivo effects of BISGMA-a component of dental composite-on male mouse reproduction and fertility

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the resin monomer bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BISGMA) on adult male mouse fertility. Male Swiss mice were administered various concentrations of BISGMA (0, 25, and 100 microg/kg) for a period of 28 days, and the effects on fertility was assessed by breeding these males with untreated female mice after the exposure periods. The results showed that fertility was significantly reduced when male mice were exposed to BISGMA, in comparison with their control counterparts. In females mated with males exposed to BISGMA, there was a significant reduction in the pregnancy rates as well as the number of viable fetuses. The number of resorptions out of the total number of implantations was significantly increased in females mated with males that had been exposed to BISGMA. Furthermore, the number of females with resorptions was also significantly increased. Significant reductions in bodyweight and weights of the testis and preputial glands were also observed. The weights of the seminal vesicles were significantly increased in males exposed to BISGMA in comparison with their control counterparts. There were significant reductions in testicular sperm counts, epididymal sperm counts and in the efficiency of sperm production. In conclusion, exposure of male mice to BISGMA results in an impairment of the reproductive system and fertility.     

Adverse effect of heroin hydrochloride on selected male reproductive parameters in mice

This study investigated the effects of heroin on selected male reproductive parameters in mice (Balb/C), e.g. body weight, testis weight, gonado-somatic index, sperm viability, concentration of serum testosterone and fertility rate. Seventy-two mice (36 male and 36 female) were used. The male mice were divided into two control and two experimental groups. For evaluation of fertility rate, three mice were chosen from each group. Experimental groups of heroin-dependant mice were divided into two groups: Experimental group I were given heroin at a dose of 5 mg/kg and experimental group II 5 mg/ml, intra-peritoneally twice daily for a period of 40 days. Results showed that heroin reduced sperm viability, serum testosterone concentration as well as body weight, testis weight and fertility as compared with control groups. However, no significant changes in the gonado-somatic index were observed. The data suggests that heroin may reduce some of the reproductive parameters in male mice.     

The effect of female strain on identification of male mice carrying reciprocal translocations

Chemicals capable of inducing heritable chromosomal effects may be detected by the mouse heritable translocation test, which is based on the detection of a specific type of transmissible abnormality, namely, reciprocal translocation. Since mice carrying such a chromosomal abnormality usually have reduced fertility, they may be identified on the basis of fertility data. In the present study, the efficiency of two female strains for identifying CD-1 male translocation heterozygotes was examined. Thirty-three 10-wk-old CD-1 male mice were injected IP with triethylenemelamine (0.025 mg/kg/day) 5 days a wk for 5 wk. The treated males were then mated to untreated CD-1 females for 2 wk to produce progeny. The F₁ males were raised to maturity, tested for fertility by using two female strains (CD-I and B6C3F1), and analyzed cytogenetically. The cytogenetic analysis confirmed that 41 males were translocation heterozygotes and 125 were normal. Examination of the fertility data showed that in the test with CD-I females all translocation heterozygotes were identified but 19 normal mice were identified as potential translocation carriers because of decreased fertility. In the test with B6C3F1 females, five translocation heterozygotes were not identified on the basis of fertility data, and 11 normal mice were misclassified as potential translocation carriers.     

司帕沙星对啮齿动物微核试验

NIH系小鼠灌服司帕沙星,口服剂量分别为250、1000和2500mg/kg时微核发生率在5‰以下,试验结果与空白对照相似判为阴性。     

司帕沙星对小鼠围产期毒性试验

国产司帕沙星为氟喹诺类新抗菌药物,从妊娠第15天至分娩后哺乳期的第21天每日经口灌服司帕沙星20和100mg/kg,对昆明种小鼠妊娠后期及产后整个哺乳期,对F_1和F_2代动物的生长发育,交配率和繁殖率均无影响。     

Nonaromatizable androgens may stimulate a male mouse reproductive behavior by binding estrogen receptors

Castrated DBA/2J male mice emitted 70 kHz vocalizations to female stimuli in response to 10 days of treatment with either testosterone (T, 300 micrograms/day), diethylstilbestrol (DES, 1 or 3 micrograms/day) or methyltrienolone (R1881, 900 micrograms/day). Lower dosages of R1881 (300 and 600 micrograms/day) and the oil vehicle were relatively ineffective in restoring vocalizations. The effects of these hormones on restoring seminal vesicle weight did not always parallel their effects upon behavior. In general T and R1881 (600 and 900 micrograms/day) were effective in restoring seminal vesicles while DES, the lowest dose of R1881 (300 micrograms/day), and the oil vehicle were ineffective. In receptor competition studies, R1881 pretreatment significantly reduced estrogen binding in hypothalamic-preoptic cytosol. In fact the most effective dose for restoring vocalizations (900 micrograms/day) reduced available estrogen binding sites by 91%. We propose that the male-typical vocalizations of mice may normally be stimulated through the activation of estrogen receptors following androgen aromatization and that the ability of a pharmacological dosage of R1881 (900 micrograms/day) to restore behavior may be due to interaction with estrogen receptors in the brain.     

Reproductive toxic effect of bisphenol A dimethacrylate in mice

The current study evaluated the effect of bisphenol A dimethacrylate (Bis-DMA) on mouse fertility. Adult male and female mice were exposed to intragastric Bis-DMA (0, 5, 25, and 100 microg/kg) daily for 28 days and then mated with sexually mature untreated mice and after mating fertility was assessed. Females mated by males that had been exposed to Bis-DMA had significant reductions in pregnancy rates and significant increases in the total number of resorptions out of the total number of implantations. Bis-DMA exposed males had significant reductions in body weights and relative testes weights and significant increases in seminal vesicle and preputial gland weights. Testicular and epididymal sperm counts as well as the efficiency of sperm production were also significantly reduced in these groups. Female mice exposed to Bis-DMA showed significant reductions in pregnancy rates, number of implantation sites, number of viable fetuses, and total number of resorptions out of the total number of implantations. Significant reductions in the body weights were observed at all doses, and significant increases were found in the relative weights of the ovaries and the uterus. The results suggest that Bis-DMA has adverse effects on the fertility and reproductive systems of male and female mice.     

Sparfloxacin as alternative treatment to standard therapy for community-acquired bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a single daily dose of sparfloxacin in comparison with standard antibacterial therapy for the treatment of pneumococcal bacteremic community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
Methods: The results were analyzed of four comparative trials in CAP, in which 107 adult patients with CAP confirmed by blood cultures positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae were included. Sparfloxacin was given at a loading dose of 400 mg followed by 200 mg daily. Comparator drugs included amoxycillin 3 g/day, amoxycillin/clavulanate 1.5/0.375 g/day and erythromycin 2 g/day. Dosing was for 7–14 days (mean 10 days). Success was determined by a combination of clinical and microbiological assessment and radiologic changes.
Results: Sparfloxacin was as effective as the comparator drugs, with an overall success rate of 80% at the end of treatment (comparators 78%), and a 79% success rate at follow-up (76% for comparators). There were no pneumococcal isolates resistant to sparfloxacin, but eight of 56 were either resistant (four) or had reduced susceptibility to penicillin G, and two strains were resistant to erythromycin. Tolerance to sparfloxacin was good, with fewer patients reporting drug-related adverse events (15.8%) than with the comparator drugs (33.3%).
Conclusions: This analysis suggests that sparfloxacin would be an alternative candidate for empirical therapy in moderately severe CAP.     

Developmental defects in mice and rats treated postnatally with cytosine arabinoside

ICR Swiss albino mice and Sprague-Dawley rats were given cytosine arabinoside parenterally beginning at 1, 5, or 10 days of age. Animals were treated for 5 consecutive days at dosages ranging from 3.125 to 50 mg/kg/day. Numerous deaths and retardation of growth occurred in both species treated at higher dosages beginning at 1 day of age. Animals were examined histologically at 20 days of age. Cerebellar hypoplasia was especially marked in mice and rats treated beginning at 1 day of age. There was reduction in size of the cerebellum, with poorly delineated molecular, Purkinje cell, and internal granular layers. Retinal lesions were observed in both species, but were considerably more extensive in rats treated with cytosine arabinoside than in mice. Numerous rosettes were observed in the peripheral retina, with relative sparing of the central regions. Focal renal cortical dysplasia was also observed in animals treated beginning at 1 day of age. Autoradiographic studies indicated that significant cellular division occurs in the retina and renal cortex postnatally in both species. The significance of these studies with regard to the use of cytosine arabinoside in viral chemotherapy in newborn infants are yet to be determined.