X线定位微创经皮肾穿刺造瘘取石术治疗肾结石及输尿管上段结石的临床疗效观察

目的探讨X线定位微创经皮肾穿刺造瘘取石术（MPCNL）治疗肾结石及输尿管上段结石的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析我院2007年10月～2010年11月采用X线定位MPCNL术治疗肾结石及输尿管上段结石150例患者的资料,对皮肾通道穿刺成功率、手术时间、术中出血量、结石清除率及术后并发症进行分析。结果本组病例均为单通道取石,建立皮肾通道成功率为100%,Ⅰ期碎石术124例,Ⅱ期碎石术25例,Ⅲ期碎石术1例,总结石取尽率为88%,手术时间0.8～3.0 h,平均1.8 h,术中出血量20～250 mL,除1例发生术后肾出血外,无其他严重并发症发生。结论微创经皮肾穿刺造瘘取石术（MPCNL）治疗肾结石及输尿管上段结石安全有效。     

X线定位联合B超引导微创经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗无积水肾结石

目的探讨X线定位联合B超引导建立经皮肾镜通道行微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)治疗无积水肾结石的安全性和临床疗效。方法 2008年6月至2010年5月,采用X线定位联合B超引导穿刺建立经皮肾镜通道MPCNL术治疗68例无积水肾结石,对手术时间、手术并发症、结石清除率等临床资料进行分析。结果 68例患者均一期成功建立经皮肾镜通道,58例行一期取石术,10例行二期取石术。手术时间60～130min,平均75min,5例患者术中输血400～600mL,无气胸、腹腔脏器损伤、术后大出血等并发症发生。结论 X线定位联合B超引导行MPCNL术治疗无积水肾结石安全、方便,疗效可靠。     

复杂性肾结石患者微创经皮肾穿刺取石术的临床诊治体会

目的 分析微创经皮肾穿刺取石术(MPCNL)治疗复杂性肾结石的临床疗效,探讨其安全性与有效性.方法 回顾采用MPCNL治疗的复杂肾结石的患者120例,对其临床资料进行总结和分析.结果 120例患者均一期顺利完成微创经皮肾穿刺取石术,平均手术时间为90min,术中平均出血量50mL;单通道取石76例,双通道取石34例,三通道取石10例;1次取石83例,2次及2次以上取石37例,结石完全清除率为83.3%;术后平均住院时间为5d,未出现严重并发症.结论 MPCNL治疗复杂性肾结石疗效确切,安全性好,具有术中损伤小、结石清除率高、术后恢复时间短、并发症少等优点.     

B超引导MPCNL治疗上尿路结石78例

目的 探讨B超定位微创经皮肾穿刺取石术(MPCNL)治疗上尿路结石的疗效. 方法 对78例上尿路结石在B超实行引导下行经皮穿刺肾盏,并建立经皮肾取石通道,71例 1期取石.7例因出血行Ⅱ期取石.术后复查X片,Ⅰ期结石取净率87.2 %(68/ 78).结论 采用B超定位建立皮肾通道行MPCNL术具有准确性高、医患免于接触X射线等优点.     

基层医院开展微创经皮肾穿刺取石术的体会

目的 探讨微创经皮肾穿刺取石术(MPCNL)治疗肾结石的疗效,以及在基层医院开展的可行性.方法 采用 MPCNL 治疗的26例肾结石及输尿管上段结石患者,单侧肾结石17例,双侧肾结石3例,双肾结石及一侧输尿管上段结石2例,一侧输尿管上段结石4例.结果 24例行一期穿刺取石,结石清除率85%,手术时间平均2.5h;术后有明显出血1例,经保守治疗治愈,2例因术中出血多,肾盂穿孔,通道迷失而中转改开放手术.平均住院时间11d.结论 MPCNL是一种创伤小,恢复时间短,有效的治疗肾结石的方法,适应于具备一定条件的基层医院推广应用.     

C型臂X线定位MPCN治疗复杂性肾结石48例

目的:探讨C型臂X线定位微创经皮肾穿刺造瘘取石术(MPCNL)在治疗复杂性肾结石的临床应用。方法:对48例复杂性肾结石患者,在C型臂X线机定位下选择最佳目标肾盏作为第1个经皮肾穿刺通道,对于该工作通道取不到的结石再用C型臂重新定位穿刺,建立第2个或以上经皮肾通道。结果:对48例患者施行共53例次MPCNL,其中43例I期完成,5例II期完成;单通道取石36例次,双通道及双通道以上取石17例次;结石清除率9 5%;术中平均出血量100 m l,术中均不需输血;术后无严重并发症发生,肾造瘘管术后3~5 d内拔除,术后住院时间7~10 d,平均8 d;双J管术后1~3个月内拔除。结论:C型臂X线定位微创经皮肾穿刺造瘘取石术是治疗复杂性肾结石的一种有效方法,具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少的优势。     

微创经皮肾输尿管镜治疗肾结石

目的 探索微通道经皮肾输尿管镜碎石术治疗肾结石的疗效及手术安全性.方法采用微创经皮肾输尿管镜碎石术治疗51例肾结石患者,统计手术时间、结石清除率和并发症的情况.结果 36例行一期穿刺取石,11例行二期取石,47例患者均为单通道取石;4例术中改开放手术;平均手术时间为82min,肾适瘘管留置时间平均为6d,平均住院时间12d.结论 MPCNL是一种有效的治疗肾结石的方法,具有损伤小、穿刺通道小、痛苦轻、恢复快等优点.     

微创经皮肾输尿管镜术治疗肾结石508例

目的 探讨微创经皮肾输尿管镜取石术治疗肾结石的疗效.方法 采用经皮肾输尿管镜取石术治疗肾结石患者508例.结果 468例行一期穿刺取石,40例行二期取石,补充体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)治疗31例.所有病例均为单通道取石,结石清除率91.7%,手术时间平均为87 min,平均住院时间11 d.未发生大出血、肾功能损害等严重并发症.结论 微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)治疗肾结石安全高效,具有创伤小、恢复快、结石清除率高等优点,是治疗肾结石的一种好方法.     

微通道经皮输尿管镜取石术治疗43例复杂性肾结石

目的 评价微通道经皮输尿管镜取石术(MPCNL)治疗复杂性肾结石的疗效.方法 2007年4月至2008年4月,采用经皮输尿管镜技术,利用STORZ气压弹道碎石机治疗复杂性肾结石43例.结果 43例患者中36例1期手术成功,4例多发结石并肾无积水患者因穿刺出血,而放弃手术,仅行肾造痿术,改11期取石.手术时间为60～135分钟.平均95分钟.碎石取石时间15～50分钟,平均35分钟.43例患者中残余结石16例.其中5例采取11期取石,3例通过第二通道取石,8例采取体外冲击波碎石.平均住院时问17天.未发生肾盂穿孔、稀释性低钠血症、肾积脓、临近脏器损伤等合并症.结论 微通道经皮输尿管镜取石术治疗复杂性肾结石疗效确切,是一种值得推荐的微创治疗方法.     

微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）治疗肾结石的手术方法及临床疗效。方法 对2010年11月~2013年11月三门峡市第三人民医院收治的90例肾结石患者施行MPCNL,记录资料并作回顾性分析。结果 90例患者中—期取石成功率92.22%;单通道取石78例,双通8例,三通道4例;平均手术时间86.5min;平均肾造瘘管拔管时间5.8d;平均住院时间12.4d;平均术中出血量68.4mL;3例术后大出血经积极处理后治愈,未见假性动脉瘤、肾切除、液气胸、伤口尿瘘等并发症;术后复查结石取净率为87.78%。结论 MPCNL治疗肾结石的临床疗效肯定,取石成功率及取净率高,并发症少,值得推广。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.