肠炎冲剂调节胃肠功能及止泻作用的动物实验研究

目的:研究肠炎冲剂对实验动物胃肠功能的影响及其止泻作用。方法:通过肠炎冲剂对大鼠正常小肠以及小鼠推进机能亢进小肠运动的影响,家兔离体十二指肠平滑肌解痉实验和大鼠胃排空实验,研究肠炎冲剂对小鼠、大鼠和家兔胃肠功能的影响。通过番泻叶和蓖麻油致小鼠腹泻实验,研究肠炎冲剂对小鼠的止泻作用。结果:肠炎冲剂能抑制大鼠正常小肠及推进机能亢进小鼠的小肠推进运动,对家兔离体十二指肠平滑肌自发活动及氯化乙酰胆碱所致肠痉挛均有显著抑制作用。胃排空实验中,肠炎冲剂对胃内残留率无明显影响。肠炎冲剂能显著缓解番泻叶诱发的小鼠腹泻。结论:肠炎冲剂具有肠道调节功能,对番泻叶所致腹泻有一定的抑制作用。本研究为肠炎冲剂的临床应用提供了理论依据。     

番泻叶浸剂对动物小肠运动和尿量的影响

目的:观察番泻叶浸剂对小鼠小肠运动和尿量的影响。方法:应用小肠推进试验法观察炭末在小肠的推进速度;用离体动物回肠实验,观察本品对离体回肠收缩幅度和频率的影响;用简式粪便尿分离代谢笼法观察本品对小鼠尿量的影响。结果:番泻叶浸剂对小鼠小肠炭末有明显推进作用(P<0.05);对大鼠和家兔离体肠肌收缩幅度有明显增强作用(P<0.05);灌服25％番泻叶浸剂后0.5,1h和灌服番泻叶浸剂原液后0.5,1.2h,尿量均有明显增加。结论:番泻叶浸剂能通过增加小肠蠕动和抑制水分吸收而发挥泻下作用,也可能具有利尿作用。     

金佛手醇提液对小肠平滑肌的影响

目的：观察金佛手醇提液对家兔离体十二指肠、回肠运动的影响及对小鼠小肠推进功能的影响。方法：采用离体器官法、小鼠小肠推进运动实验法。结果：金佛手醇提液能明显增强家兔离体回肠平滑肌的收缩，其作用能被阿托品拮抗；能明显抑制家兔离体十二指肠平滑肌的收缩，对乙酰胆碱引起的家兔离体十二指肠痉挛有显的解痉作用；对小鼠小肠运动有明显推动作用。结论：金佛手醇提液对家兔离体小肠不同部位有不同作用；能促进小鼠小肠推进。     

益智仁醇提取物对动物胃肠运动的影响

目的:研究益智仁醇提取物对动物胃肠运动的影响。方法:采用小鼠在体胃肠运动实验和家兔离体肠肌运动实验,观察益智仁醇提取物对正常小鼠胃排空、小肠推进运动和家兔离体肠肌收缩的影响。结果:益智仁醇提取物在5、10、20g·kg-1剂量下给药对正常小鼠胃排空有显著抑制作用,对家兔离体肠肌收缩有显著抑制作用,对氯化乙酰胆碱引起的肠肌兴奋有显著拮抗作用。结论:益智仁醇提取物对动物胃肠运动有抑制作用,其作用途径可能与M胆碱受体有关。     

色满酮类衍生物对小鼠的止泻作用

目的研究色满酮类衍生物(HEF-19)对小鼠的止泻作用。方法采用蓖麻油、硫酸钠、液体石蜡诱导的腹泻模型,通过测定稀便率、稀便级和腹泻指数研究HEF-19(300、100、50 mg·kg~(-1))的止泻作用,通过对正常小鼠的胃排空、小肠推进实验和离体平滑肌实验探讨其可能的作用机制。结果HEF-19各剂量组灌胃给药与模型组相比可明显降低3种腹泻模型小鼠的稀便率、稀便级和腹泻指数;可明显抑制正常小鼠的小肠推进率、胃排空率。HEF-19(1×10~(-5)~1×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1))可显著抑制CaCl_2诱导的离体小肠平滑肌收缩。结论 HEF-19可能是通过阻断钙离子通道,抑制胃肠运动起到止泻作用。     

玄归滴丸对胃肠运动的抑制作用研究

目的探究玄归滴丸对不同机能状态小鼠胃肠运动和家兔离体肠管运动的影响,为其治疗平滑肌痉挛引起的腹痛提供实验基础。方法选择小鼠肠推进实验方法,利用新斯的明、阿托品等药物复制小鼠胃肠运动功能障碍模型,测定各组小鼠的胃残留率和小肠推进率;采用家兔离体肠管平滑肌实验,考察并记录给予不同受试药物后家兔离体肠管的肌张力变化。结果玄归滴丸临床等效4倍剂量、8倍剂量使正常小鼠胃残留率升高(P <0.05,P <0.01),小肠推进率降低(P <0.05);与正常对照组比较,新斯的明致小鼠胃肠运动亢进,给予玄归滴丸4倍剂量、8倍剂量组后能够明显地抑制胃肠运动,增加胃残留率(P <0.05,P <0.01),降低小肠推进率(P <0.01);与正常对照组比较,阿托品可致胃肠运动抑制,给予玄归滴丸4倍剂量、8倍剂量组后可以进一步抑制胃肠运动,进一步增加胃残留率(P<0.05,P <0.01),降低小肠推进率(P <0.05,P <0.01);家兔离体肠管平滑肌实验结果也进一步表明,玄归滴丸使家兔离体肠管的肌张力降低。结论玄归滴丸对胃肠运动具有一定的抑制作用,对痉挛性胃肠道疾病具有潜在的治疗效果。     

小儿止泻灵抗药物性腹泻及其机理

试验表明小儿止泻灵能抑制番泻叶和蓖麻油引起的小鼠腹泻，抑制小鼠胃肠推进运动和离体免空肠自发收缩活动，对抗烟碱、毛果芸香碱、酚妥拉明、氯化钡及组胺等药物对离体免小肠的兴奋作用。拆方研究发现地锦革起主导作用。     

温胃化湿汤对小鼠急性腹泻及胃排空作用的研究

目的观察温胃化湿汤对番泻叶所致的腹泻模型作用及胃排空作用的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法采用番泻叶煎剂致小鼠腹泻模型,连续4 d观察温胃化湿汤给药后3 h内的腹泻指数,并观察小鼠小肠墨汁推进率;采用甲基橙为标志物,观察温胃化湿汤对新斯的明致小鼠胃排空亢进的影响。结果温胃化湿汤各组均能明显降低小鼠腹泻指数,减慢小鼠小肠推进速度,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),与香连丸组比较,高、中剂量组有显著性差异(P<0.05);温胃化湿汤各组能增加新斯的明致胃排空亢进小鼠的胃残留率,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),与香连丸组比较,高、中剂量组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论温胃化湿汤对小鼠腹泻和胃排空亢进有较好的防治作用,其作用优于香连丸。     

葛根止泻作用实验研究

目的:研究中药葛根抗腹泻作用,为临床应用提供实验基础.方法:用胃排空及小肠推进运动实验结合小鼠腹泻止泻作用实验共同研究葛根抗腹泻作用.结果:在胃排空及小肠推进运动实验中葛根高、中剂量组与阴性对照组比较均有统计学意义(P<0.01);在小鼠腹泻止泻作用实验中葛根各剂量组与阴性对照组比较均有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:实验证实葛根具有良好的抗腹泻作用.     

新疆沙枣提取物抗腹泻的初步药效学研究

目的:评价新疆沙枣提取物抗腹泻作用.方法:采用小鼠番泻叶致泻和毛果芸香碱致小鼠小肠运动亢进2种模型,观察沙枣的抗腹泻作用.小鼠随机分为4组:沙枣水提取物组、沙枣醇提取物组、阳性药思密达组、模型组.各组预防性给药,连续灌胃给予番泻叶或毛果芸香碱,观察各组小鼠的排便和炭粒推进情况.在离体豚鼠回肠上研究沙枣2种提取物对抗毛果芸香碱和磷酸组胺引起的收缩作用.结果:在番泻叶致泻中,沙枣提取物可使小鼠湿粪数明显减少,尤以醇提物明显;对毛果芸香碱致小鼠肠管炭粒推进有抑制作用.体外试验沙枣提取物对毛果芸香碱致肠管收缩有明显抑制作用,对磷酸组胺无抑制作用.结论:沙枣提取物有一定的止泻作用.     

陆英煎剂对小鼠镇痛作用的实验研究

目的 通过实验研究陆英煎剂对小鼠的镇痛作用.方法 镇痛实验采用小鼠热板法和醋酸扭体法,实验分为陆英煎剂组、盐酸曲马多组、生理盐水组,灌胃给药.结果 与生理盐水组比较,陆英煎剂组和盐酸曲马多组对小鼠热板致痛的痛阈值均有不同程度的提高,对小鼠醋酸致痛引起的扭体次数均有明显的降低作用.结论 陆英煎剂具有明显的镇痛作用,其镇痛作用比盐酸曲马多弱.     

Development of intestinal, but not gastric damage caused by a low dose of indomethacin in the presence of rofecoxib

The ulcerogenic effect of rofecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, on the gastrointestinal mucosa was investigated in the presence of a low dose of indomethacin. Indomethacin at 3 mg/kg did not cause any damage in both the stomach and small intestine, despite inhibiting prostaglandin (PG) production. Rofecoxib had no effect on PG production and did not cause any damage in these tissues. In the presence of indomethacin, however, rofecoxib provoked damage in the small intestine but not the stomach. Indomethacin at 3 mg/kg induced hypermotility and COX-2 expression in the intestine but not in the stomach, both in an atropine-sensitive manner. These results suggest that a low dose of indomethacin produces damage in the small intestine but not in the stomach when administered together with rofecoxib. The PG deficiency caused by a low dose of indomethacin produces hypermotility and COX-2 expression in the small intestine, and results in damage when COX-2 is inhibited. It is assumed that the hypermotility response is a key event in the expression of COX-2 and thereby important in the development of mucosal damage in the gastrointestinal tract.     

小儿肠胃康颗粒主要药理学研究

目的研究小儿肠胃康颗粒的主要药理作用,为临床应用提供参考。方法研究小儿肠胃康颗粒对小鼠胃排空和小肠推进的作用及对大鼠胃液分泌的作用,考察其对胃肠功能的影响;通过急性炎症模型考察其抗炎作用。结果小儿肠胃康颗粒12,24g(生药)·kg-1灌胃给药可以明显促进小鼠胃排空和小肠推进(P<0.05或0.01);4.8,9.6,19.2g(生药)·kg-1可以增加大鼠胃液量和胃蛋白酶活性,降低胃液pH;24g(生药)·kg-1可以抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀,降低醋酸引起的小鼠腹腔通透性升高(P<0.05)。结论小儿肠胃康颗粒能提高胃肠道功能并有抗炎作用。     

砂蔻消食口服液的质量标准

目的:探讨建立控制砂蔻消食口服液质量的方法.方法:采用薄层色谱法对砂仁和白豆蔻药材进行定性鉴别;以环己酮为内标物,采用气相色谱法同时对乙酸龙脑酯和桉油精进行含量测定.结果:TLC特征斑点明显、专属性强.乙酸龙脑酯在0.019 5～0.194 8 mg·ml-1(r=0.999 2)、桉油精在0.006 3～0.063 0 mg·ml-1(r=0.999 8)的检测浓度间具有良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为99.71%,RSD=2.61%(n＝9)、100.51%,RSD=1.60%(n＝9).结论:本方法简便、准确、重复性好,可作为砂蔻消食口服药的质量控制.     

Distribution, transition, adhesion and release of insulin loaded nanoparticles in the gut of rats

The purpose of this work was to investigate distribution, transition, bioadhesion and release behaviors of insulin loaded pH-sensitive nanoparticles in the gut of rats, as well as the effects of viscosity agent on them. Insulin was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The FITC-insulin solution and FITC-insulin nanoparticle aqueous dispersions with or without hydropropylmethylcellulose (HPMC, 0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.8% (w/v)) were orally administered to rats, respectively. The amounts of FITC-insulin in both the lumen content and the intestinal mucosa were quantified by a spectrofluorimeter. The release profiles in the gut were plotted by the percentages of FITC-insulin released versus time. FITC-insulin nanoparticle aqueous dispersion showed similar stomach but lower intestine empty rates, and enhanced intestinal mucosa adhesion in comparison with FITC-insulin solution. Addition of the HPMC reduced the stomach and intestine empty rates, enhanced the adhesion of FITC-insulin to the intestine mucosa. The release of FITC-insulin from nanoparticles in the gut showed an S-shape profile, and addition of HPMC prolonged the release half-life from 0.77 to 1.51h. It was concluded that the behaviors of pH-sensitive nanoparticles tested in gastrointestinal tract of rats and the addition of HPMC were favorable to the absorption of the drug loaded.     

挥发油成分的研究——Ⅲ.腋花杜鹃挥发油的化学成分研究和牡荆、荆条挥发油成分的比较

用GC和GC-MS研究了腋花杜鹃叶中挥发油的化学成分,鉴定了α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯,对-繖花烃,1,8-桉叶素,醋酸冰片酯,反-丁香烯及环氧丁香烯等几种主要成分,并测定了其含量。比较了腋花杜鹃和牡荆、荆条挥发油的组成,结果表明成分大致相似,唯一明显差别为前者含有较大量的醋酸冰片酯和反式丁香烯而不是β-丁香烯,同时后二者含有香桧烯而不含β-蒎烯。腋花杜鹃和牡荆、荆条虽为不同科属植物,但具有同样治疗气管炎之效用,究其原因,就在于它们有类似的化学成分。     

Metoclopramide reduces carbohydrate absorption in man.

The effect of metoclopramide (20 mg p.o) on the times taken for a radiolabelled liquid starch meal to empty from the stomach and to reach the ileum (230 cm from the mouth), the ileal flow rates and the degree of carbohydrate absorption were studied in five normal male volunteers, intubated with a four lumen intestinal tube. Administration of metoclopramide significantly reduced the time taken for delivery of 50% and 80% of the meal to the ileal aspiration site, but had no significant effect on the half time for gastric emptying. Administration of metoclopramide did not affect the average flow rate or the total postprandial volume, which passed the ileal aspiration site. Administration of metoclopramide reduced carbohydrate absorption in every subject by between 8 and 30%. This study is consistent with the hypothesis that metoclopramide may reduce the degree of absorption in the human small intestine by decreasing the contact time between food and small intestinal epithelium, though it could also act by reducing the area of mucosa in contact with nutrients.     

The effect of aminoguanidine treatment, with or without food restriction on the liver, stomach and small intestine of the rat.

A comparative investigation has been made into the effects of aminoguanidine treatment (60 mg kg-1 day-1) with or without dietary restriction (i.e. 50% reduction in food intake) on the protein, RNA and DNA composition of the liver, small intestine and stomach of young rats (0.1 kg body weight). After 3 weeks of dietary restriction the wet weights of the liver and small intestine decreased by 56 and 52%, respectively. There were significant reductions (approx 50%) in total hepatic and intestinal protein, RNA and DNA. Changes in ratios of RNA/protein, RNA/DNA and protein/DNA were only significant for intestinal RNA/DNA, where a 15% reduction was observed. In contrast, stomach wet weight and total protein content were unaltered by dietary deprivation. Stomach RNA and DNA contents were reduced by only 18-21%, and the protein/DNA ratio increased by 22%. Similar responses of liver, small intestine and stomach to dietary deprivation were observed in aminoguanidine-treated rats. Aminoguanidine-treatment of rats on an unrestricted diet for three weeks had no effect on the wet weights, total protein, RNA or DNA contents of the liver, stomach or small intestine. In dietary-restricted rats, and stomach were unaffected by the treatment. However, aminoguanidine treatment of dietary-restricted rats caused significant increases in the amounts of intestinal protein, RNA and DNA by approximately 15%. The treatment abolished the dietary restriction-induced decrease in total intestinal DNA/body weight. The wet weights of the lung, diaphragm, kidney, spleen and testes of both fed and dietary-restricted rats were also unaffected by aminoguanidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

家兔肠缺血-再灌注后各器官损伤变化的实验研究

目的探讨家兔肠缺血-再灌注引起各器官变化的特点。方法选取10只健康家兔,随机分为实验组（5只）与对照组（5只）,观察肝、肾、肺、心肌及胃肠的病理改变,检测血浆血浆丙二醛（MDA）、红细胞膜MDA、血浆黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）、血浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的变化。结果实验组家兔的肝、肾、肺、心肌及胃肠均有较明显的病理改变。实验组血浆丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）含量、肌酐含量、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）蛋白含量、血浆和红细胞膜MDA及血浆XOD含量明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）,血浆SOD明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论家兔肠缺血-再灌注可导致肝、肾、肺、心肌及胃肠损伤,氧自由基对各器官的破坏可能是病理变化的主要因素。     

某地区中老年体检者高血脂及脂肪肝检出率分析

目的探讨高脂血症及非酒精性脂肪肝在中、老年人的分布规律。方法对563名体检者空腹12h,抽取血液标本检验血脂,做腹部B超检查。按照年龄分为A组(45～59岁),B组(≤98岁)。结果563人共发现脂肪肝315例,占56%。其中A组273人中发现脂肪肝141例(51.6%);B组290例中脂肪肝174例(60%)。A组血脂升高例数多于B组(P<0.01)。B组血脂正常而脂肪肝例数高于A组。甘油三酯升高是脂肪肝的主要因素。结论中年人血脂增高者多于老年人,老年人脂肪肝高于中年人。