西宁地区重症胸部创伤患者纤维支气管镜早期临床应用

目的：探讨纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）在高原重症胸部创伤早期临床应用价值.方法：对46例高原重症胸部创伤患者入院12小时内应用纤支镜检查、镜下止血、支气管冲洗、治疗肺不张及纤支镜引导下经鼻气管插管并总结分析其临床资料.结果：46例患者纤支镜检查和治疗后SaO2、心率、血气分析,胸部X片均出现明显改善,其中有21例ARDS患者经纤支镜引导下经鼻插管后呼吸机辅助呼吸抢救成功.结论：纤支镜早期检查和治疗,操作简单,诊断明确,抢救及时,防止病情恶化,对气道管理起到较好的作用.     

纤维支气管镜在严重胸部创伤诊断及治疗中的价值

目的 探讨纤维支气管镜(简称纤支镜)在严重胸部创伤的诊断及治疗中的价值.方法 回顾性分析我院1999年1月-2007年7月应用纤支镜进行诊断及治疗的严重胸部创伤患者114例.总共应用纤支镜检查、灌洗治疗289次.纤支镜进入途径:经鼻腔181次,气管插管32次,口腔20次,气管切口套管56次.术前、术中、术后严密监护和监测SaO:及血气分析,同时给予吸氧或呼吸机支持.结果 114例经纤支镜检查明确诊断,对102例患者进行了灌洗治疗.全部患者经1～4次纤支镜检查及灌洗后SaO2均明显提高(P<0.01),术后2 h PaO2改善明显(P<0.05).无因纤支镜检查治疗导致死亡的患者.结论 纤支镜在严重胸部创伤中有重要的诊断及治疗价值,不但可及时明确支气管损伤的诊断,而且可以有效清除气道异物、分泌物、血及痰痂,治疗阻塞性肺不张及阻塞性肺炎,明显改善呼吸功能、提高救治成功率.     

支气管内膜结核的CT表现

目的:分析支气管内膜结核(EBTB)的CT表现,以提高对EBTB的认识。方法:回顾分析了45例经纤支镜及病理证实的EBTB的胸部CT表现,探讨支气管本身的异常及肺实质、淋巴结以及胸膜的改变。结果:45例病人CT片上共显示92处支气管受累,包括右侧54处和左侧38处,其中28例显示两支以上的受累支气管,11例主、叶、段多支支气管同时受累。38例表现为支气管狭窄,狭窄程度为轻度20例、中度12例和重度6例。8例继发肺不张,30例并存支气管播散灶。所有患者肺野内均可见陈旧性结核灶,28例并发胸膜病变。肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大15例。结论:较长段的支气管管壁中心性增厚或主、叶、段多支支气管受累为EBTB的主要表现,多数并存肺实质和胸膜病变,引流区淋巴结可增大。     

158例纤维支气管镜检查与胸片、胸部CT检查对比分析

目的 探讨纤维支气管镜检查对肺部占位性病变、炎症、肺不张等肺部疾病的诊断价值。方法 对患者的肺部X线检查结果与纤支镜的检查结果对比，X线正常的胸部CT检查结果与纤支镜的检查结果对比，分析确诊率。结果 纤支镜检查对这四种改变的确诊率，分别为70．7％，76．1％，100．0％和42．9％。28例X线检查正常的患者，均做了纤支镜检查，12例发现异常，异常确诊率为42．9％；有16例同时做了胸部CT检查，其中6例发现异常，异常确诊率为37．5％。结论 纤支镜检查是一种有效的检查手段，可以弥补胸片及胸部CT对肺部疾病诊断的缺陷，将纤支镜与胸片、胸部CT等检查手段更好地结合，能大大提高对肺部疾病的诊断率。     

经纤维支气管镜检查确诊肺癌50例分析

自2003年至2006年共经纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)检查或刷取标本(TBLB)做病理检查,确诊肺癌50例。结合患者症状、胸部X线表现及纤支镜下形态学表现、病理检查癌细胞类型分析如下:1临床资料确诊50例肺癌患者,男41例、女9例,年龄20-76岁,平均55±12岁。男性中有94%吸烟史,吸烟指数均超     

支气管狭窄性病变的CT、纤维支气管镜及病理对照分析

目的评价CT、纤支镜在支气管狭窄性病变诊断中的价值。方法分析45例支气管狭窄病变的CT和纤支镜表现,并与病理对照。结果中央型肺癌25例,支气管结核10例,支气管肺炎9例,放射性肺炎1例,均经病理证实。结论CT和纤支镜作为支气管狭窄性病变的检查手段各有优点,两者相结合,才能得到正确的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

支气管内膜结核的纤维支气管镜与影像学对照研究

目的探讨支气管内膜结核(EBTB)的分型与影像学关系,以及支气管内膜结核动态演变的纤维支气管镜与影像学特点的相关性。方法分析48例经细菌培养、纤维支气管镜或手术确诊的EBTB患者的纤维支气管镜结果与胸部CT表现,对支气管内膜结核的分型、动态演变与影像学特点给予评价。结果48例支气管内膜结核纤维支气管镜结果:黏膜炎症型13例,干酪坏死型8例,结核结节型6例,溃疡型7例,肿瘤型2例,纤维狭窄型5例,混合型7例。各型支气管内膜结核影像表现有交叉,CT主要表现为:肺叶、段气管支气管壁增厚31例,占64.6%,气管支气管狭窄或阻塞20例,占41.7%,支气管充气征19例,占37.5%,管腔内结节或肿块12例,占25%,阻塞性炎症12例,占25%,肺叶、肺段不张或实变18例,占37.5%。CT检查结果与支气管镜对照:病变检出符合率为83.3%。19例支气管内膜结核在1～5个月内进行了纤维支气管镜复查,其中12例(黏膜炎症型3例,干酪坏死型4例,溃疡型3例,混合型2例)病灶吸收好转,其余7例中6例转型,4例转变为纤维狭窄型,1例无变化;28例进行了CT随诊,其中20例(黏膜炎症型6例,干酪坏死型4例,溃疡型3例,结核结节型1例,纤维狭窄型2例,肿瘤型1例,混合型3例)病灶吸收好转,6例转型,2例转变为纤维狭窄型,2例无明显变化。CT与支气管镜对照疗效判定符合率达88.5%。结论CT检查与纤维支气管镜在支气管内膜结核病变的检出方面具有较高的相符性,CT作为一种无创检查,对于支气管内膜结核动态演变的观察、并发症的预测及临床治疗疗效的评估更具临床应用价值。     

应用60%复方泛影葡胺行选择性支气管造影76例分析

近4年来,我们在进行纤维支气管镜检查的同时(以下简称纤支镜),参考临床表现和胸部X 线检查,在纤支镜直视下选择部分病人,经纤支镜用60%的复方泛影葡胺进行选择性支气管造影捡查,现将具体方法和资料较齐全的76例总结分析如下。     

胸部阴影X线检查与纤维支气管镜检查对比分析

目的:比较X线检查与纤维支气管镜检查对胸部阴影的诊断效果。材料与方法:132例胸部阴影患者用两种方法检查对比分析。结果:X线检查肺肿瘤多见团块状阴影或合并肺不张影像;炎症、结核多见斑片状阴影或合并肺不张影像。纤支镜确诊125例,确诊率94.7％,其中肺肿瘤的确诊率为94.9％,肺结核为92％,炎症为100％。胸部X线检查与纤支镜检查符合率为80.8％。结论:胸部X线检查可为纤支镜检提供重要的影像资料,但对病变性质、类型等的确定多有不足。纤支镜确诊率高,能对病变的性质、类型、病因等提供可靠的依据。较好地弥补了胸部X线检查的不足。     

微波治疗增殖型支气管内膜结核12例疗效观察

息肉增殖型支气管内膜结核，纤支镜下观察其酷似肿瘤样新生物，易致支气管狭窄、肺不张及阻塞性肺炎，单纯性全身抗结核治疗效果不佳，经久不愈，导致管腔狭窄。我们采用经纤维支气管镜（简称纤支镜）微波热凝结合抗痨治疗，取得了满意疗效，报告如下。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.