医德医风电子档案管理系统设计

目的 有效地收集、整理和管理好医务人员电子档案,加强医德医风的监督考核,提高门诊服务水平.方法 分析传统档案管理方法与电子档案管理之间的差异,结合医院精细化管理要求,开发使用医德医风电子档案管理系统,突出考核制度和奖惩制度.结果 软件已成功应用,方便医务人员信息的管理及监督考核,保证医务人员信息的安全性,提高考核奖惩数据的准确性.结论 软件推进医务人员管理及考核制度,能够及时地收集患者的评价信息并作为医院医德医风监督和教育的依据,有助于医院提高医疗质量,构建和谐医患关系.     

血液净化治疗中心智能管理系统设计

目的:针对当前血液透析中心管理存在的病历记录不清晰、患者管理不规范等问题,提出血液透析中心信息系统的解决方案.方法:智能管理系统遵循医院血液透析中心的临床业务流程,从对患者的管理、透析日程准备及患者治疗排班等不同环节对血液透析治疗进行管理和监控.结果:智能管理系统的综合运用,实现了透析治疗过程管理信息化的实时监控,为医护人员及时诊断病情、制定优良的医疗方案提供了很好的支持和帮助.结论:血液透析信息管理系统的设计与开发有效地提高了工作效率、医疗质量和管理水平.     

智能化管理对血液透析工作的影响分析

目的:评估信息电子智能化管理对血液透析日常工作的影响。方法:利用前瞻性临床对照研究,评估血透信息电子智能化管理系统对血液透析工作效率的影响;采用满意度调查普查医患双方对该管理系统的满意度和适应性。结果:与常规管理组相比,电子化管理组的透析处方下达和确认时间明显减少,生命体征监测时间明显缩短。医患双方对于该系统的满意度达到91.5%和100%。结论 :血透信息电子智能化管理能显著提高医护人员的工作效率,并且医患双方满意度良好。     

医院电子文件的管理与利用

随着电子计算机技术的普遍使用和医疗技术的迅猛发展,越来越多的管理文件和医疗信息以电子文件的形式产生和储存,医院电子文件已成为医院档案的重要组成部分.加强医院电子文件的管理与利用,对于提高医院档案管理水平,保证医院正常运行和医疗安全,促进医院可持续发展,具有重要的意义.     

血液透析中心管理工作现状及监控策略

目的 为了提高血液透析中心(室)管理内涵质量,降低血液透析患者血源性疾病感染率.方法 寻找医院血液透析中心(室)安全隐患,总结血液透析中心(室)管理中存在的问题,制定切实有效的管理策略.结果 医院血液透析中心(室)在布局、工作流程、一次性使用透析用具、患者管理等存在一系列安全隐患.结论 通过问题思考现行管理模式是否合适,及时查漏补缺,不断完善血液透析中心(室)管理,提高血液透析患者的生存质量,确保医疗安全.     

基于Android平台的智能战备药箱系统设计与实现

目的:设计一种智能化战备药箱管理系统,对战备医疗救援所需的药品物资进行快捷、安全、准确的智能化管理,以提高军队医疗战备物资的信息化管理水平.方法:在战备物资中嵌入储存有相应信息的射频识别(radio freque-ncy identification,RFID)技术标签,并在药箱上安装多天线巡读模块、蓝牙模块以及药箱应答器,最终完成与基于Android系统的手持个人数字助手(personal digital assistant,PDA)设备进行信息数据交互.结果:经测试,该系统可对药箱内的所有药品物资进行实时自动分类统计管理,并可精确定位药品位置,且能提供相应药品的使用说用,实现了药品物资的智能管理.结论:该系统在战备环境中大大提高了医护人员的工作效率,并保证了用药准确性及安全性,适合在军队医院中推广应用,具有较大的可行性及发展空间.     

电子病历系统在医疗质量管理中的作用

电子病历具有格式标准化、内容信息存储与查询即时化、信息传输网络化等优点,具有促进医疗质量不断改善的内在动力,还能促进医院医疗质量管理以及医疗行政机构对区域内医疗运行管理的变革。随着电子病历系统不断完善,应用信息化手段准确掌握全院医疗行运情况,快速决策、不断完善医疗质量与服务质量可能是现在和将来努力的方向。     

RFID技术在医疗管理中的应用

从实用的角度分析了RFID技术在医疗管理中的可行性,简要阐述了RFID的控制、存储以及通信电路,在此基础上分别介绍了医疗设备管理和患者信息管理的RFID技术具体应用,最后通过对上位机通信终端和医疗管理信息平台的设计,构成了以RFID技术为核心的医疗管理系统,提高了医护人员的工作效率,降低了医疗事故和医疗成本,保证了医疗系统运行的安全性。     

电子病历质量控制及保障措施研究

传统的医院信息系统中,相关的病人信息不能长期进行联机保存,而随着医疗事业的快速发展,电子病历应运而生.通过对电子病历质量控制系统的研究以及实施效果的分析发现,电子病历的应用需要采取相关的保障措施,如多部门协调共同管理,实时监控管理,加强对各级医师的培训以及病历的安全性管理等等,保证电子病历的良好且有效实施.     

神经内科急诊电子病历的设计与实现

目的设计与开发神经内科急诊电子病历,以实现对神经内科急诊病人信息的采集、加工、存储和传输。方法以Oracle为后台数据库、Powerbuilder 6.5为前台开发工具,通过建立神经内科结构化病历,实现神经内科电子病历系统。结果该病历系统已在神经内科急诊使用,系统运行良好,达到了存储和传输病人信息、快速查询的目的。结论该系统能对医疗过程实施科学管理和智能化控制,有效提高临床医疗质量,提高医生书写病历的效率与质量,积累大量病历资料,方便临床、科研工作,为将来实现决策支持、规范和辅助治疗打下基础。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.