城市污泥处理现状与强化脱水的水热减量化技术

分析了我国污泥处理处置的现状、工艺特征与技术瓶颈,阐述了改善污泥脱水对污泥处理的重要意义与可选技术,介绍了污泥水热处理强化污泥脱水的原理、技术发展水平及典型工艺特征。结合工程案例,分析了我国城市污泥水热处理技术的应用前景与发展方向。     

3种典型污泥处理工艺环境影响分析

现行污泥处理工艺主要包括好氧发酵技术、厌氧发酵技术、焚烧技术等。通过列举北京、天津、河北典型污泥处理厂的案例,从采用工艺、可处理最佳污泥种类、处理规模、投资及产生的主要污染物等方面,比较了3种污泥处理技术的环境影响和投资费用等指标,综合考虑优先推荐好氧发酵技术。     

污泥改性填埋预处理技术实践

分析比较了污泥固化/稳定化技术和深度脱水技术。介绍了上海老港填埋场项目、上海白龙港污泥深度脱水工程的状况,得出了固化/稳定化技术是前期应用较多的技术,但随着技术的进步,污泥深度脱水技术更受青睐。     

动电技术修复城市污泥中重金属的研究

对动电技术的基本原理(包括电渗透、电迁移、扩散作用、电泳和电解反应)作了详细地介绍,分析了影响动电技术修复污泥中重金属的主要因素,包括电解液的组成和pH值、污泥性质、元素的化学性质和存在形态、电压、电流与电极等。探讨了动电技术修复污泥中重金属的可行性,并在此基础上对动电技术应用于修复污泥重金属的前景作出展望。     

污水厂污泥资源化技术研究进展

介绍了污泥在土地利用、焚烧及生产建材等资源化利用技术研究进展,并指出污泥资源化技术在我国的应用前景。     

污泥处置技术分析与探讨——以哈尔滨市为例

以哈尔滨污泥处置项目为背景,结合污泥处置工艺技术特点,对河道底泥和城市污泥进行了技术适应性分析。结果表明,哈尔滨市河道底泥采用单独填埋、城市污泥采用堆肥的工艺技术路线比较合适。     

剩余污泥的资源化利用

介绍了剩余污泥的资源化利用技术,包括农业利用、建材利用、能源利用、制取微生物絮凝剂等.这些技术能够充分利用污泥本身的特点进行物质循环和能量利用,既解决了污泥的出路问题,又开发了新的资源,符合可持续发展的需求.在此基础上,对剩余污泥资源化发展提出建议和展望.     

生活垃圾渗沥液处理产生污泥的混烧研究

介绍了国内污泥的处理方式,阐述了生活垃圾渗沥液处理产生的污泥混烧的技术路线,并通过干燥污泥焚烧燃料费的计算表明了该技术是可行的.     

污泥处置浅析

从目前污泥处置规划和政策出发,针对污泥处置的现状,分析当前污泥处置技术的可行性和成本,从而探讨适合中国国情的污泥处置方法。     

污泥水热碳化处理技术及其工程化应用——以济宁中山污泥处理工程项目为例

水热碳化(HTC)是一种在特定温度和压力下分解污泥中微生物细胞,从而实现污泥处理无害化、减量化、资源化的技术。目前济宁中山污泥水热碳化项目已进入稳定运行的第3年,实际进污含水率平均80.26%,产物生物炭含水率平均为30.45%,污泥体积减量率达到75%,处理每吨污泥耗电量约为18 kWh,消耗天然气13 m3。从应用层面证明污泥水热碳化处理技术效果稳定可靠,不仅处理周期短、能源回收率高、占地面积小,且产物可作为辅助燃料、肥料和土壤改良剂。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

中国儿童营养面临的双重负担——营养不良和超重肥胖

  目的   研究2013年中国0～5岁儿童营养不良现况及分布特点。  方法   利用2013年中国0～5岁儿童和乳母营养健康状况监测数据,对32 862名0～5岁儿童进行分析,结果用2010年国家统计局的人口数据进行复杂加权计算。  结果   2013年中国0～5岁儿童低体重率为2.5 %,其中男童为2.6 %,女童为2.4 %;大城市、中小城市、普通农村、贫困农村分别为1.3 %、1.7 %、2.3 % 和5.1 %;低体重率在不同月龄组、四类水平地区上存在差异。中国0～5岁儿童生长迟缓率为8.1 %,其中男童为8.7 %,女童为7.4 %;大城市、中小城市、普通农村和贫困农村分别为2.7 %、4.4 %、7.5 % 和19.0 %;生长迟缓率在不同月龄组、城乡、四类水平地区存在差异。中国0～5岁儿童消瘦率为2.0 %,男童和女童均为2.0 %;大城市、中小城市、普通农村和贫困农村分别为2.4 %、1.4 %、2.2 % 和2.7 %;消瘦率在不同月龄组、城乡、四类水平地区存在差异。低体重率、生长迟缓率和消瘦率均表现为低收入水平家庭的儿童高于高收入家庭。  结论   中国0～5岁学龄前儿童营养不良率均存在城乡、不同收入水平、不同月龄组的差异,农村、特别是贫困农村地区儿童的营养不良状况依然需要关注。     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

骨钙素与儿童生长发育

骨钙素是成骨细胞分泌的骨蛋白 ,骨钙素水平与成骨细胞活性成正相关 ,是一项很好的反映骨形成与骨转化的生化指标。小儿骨生长发育有自身特点 ,骨钙素水平的改变类似儿童身高生长曲线 ,可以很好地应用于评价儿童生长发育及监测生长障碍患儿对治疗的反应