杭州市加强餐厨垃圾管理

杭州市餐厨垃圾管理以政府引导、统一管理、集中收运、定点处置、社会参与、市场化运作的方式进行。杭州市市政市容管理局负责餐厨垃圾产生、收集、运输、处置和利用的监督管理。新设餐饮业单位在对外营业前 1 5日内向所在区市容环卫管理部门办理申报手续 ,告知餐厨垃圾预产生量。餐饮业单位地址和产生量发生变更 ,应重新办理申报手续。餐饮业、企事业单位食堂、宾馆等产生的餐厨垃圾由专业部门定时定点统一密封收运、集中处置 ,并按产生量支付收运、处置费。居民住宅小区餐厨垃圾由居民投放到社区餐厨垃圾处理机进行生化处理。杭州市加强餐…     

上海市餐厨垃圾管理体系分析及建议

介绍了上海市餐厨垃圾的立法沿革和定义以及理化特性,结合上海市餐厨垃圾的管理现状,从处置、申报、收运和管理4个方面分析了上海市餐厨垃圾管理体系中可能存在的难点,并提出了相应的建议。     

中小型城市餐厨垃圾收运和处理模式探讨

分析中小城市餐厨垃圾收运和处理现状,以及传统收运和处理模式存在的问题;以宜昌为例,提出了在餐厨垃圾收运和处理过程中融入网格化管理思路,即将传统餐厨垃圾处理重心由处理场转移到网格片区,针对不同餐厨垃圾采用不同的收运和处理模式。这种处理模式可有效实现餐厨废物收运和处理物联网控制,从源头上杜绝“地沟油”、“潲水猪”的出现。     

基于实地调研的广州市餐厨垃圾处置技术优化研究

通过实地调研收集广州市厨余垃圾和餐饮垃圾产生量、分类及处置方式,采用层次分析法优化餐厨垃圾处置技术。结果表明,广州市主要城区已开展餐厨垃圾分类工作,由具有资质的单位进行收运,初步形成较完善的收运体系。6种餐厨垃圾处置方式按得分排序依次为:厌氧发酵技术、生物柴油、好氧堆肥、饲料化、黑水虻、生化机。其中厌氧发酵为最优餐厨垃圾处理方式,其次是生物柴油和好氧堆肥。研究结果为政府优化决策提供参考,同时为企业实现餐厨垃圾资源化、减量化、无害化处理提供技术参考。     

上海市宝山区固体废弃物处理规划

介绍了上海市宝山区固体废弃物处置规划,规划年限2004-2020年。通过对上海市宝山区固体废弃物处置现状和发展趋势的分析,提出生活垃圾从填埋与生化综合处置相结合到焚烧与生化综合处置相结合的处置方法,同时对建筑垃圾、餐厨垃圾、工业固体废弃物、粪便的收运处置进行了规划。     

餐厨废弃物收运处置管理体系探讨

总结青岛市餐厨废弃物管理实际情况,分析了各地餐厨废弃物收运处置体系建设,简述了餐厨废弃物收运、处置及管理模式和各自的优缺点;剖析了现阶段餐厨废弃物管理中存在的问题及餐厨废弃物分类收集难的主要原因,进而探讨了餐厨废弃物规范管理的对策与建议。     

我国餐厨垃圾、餐厨废弃油脂规范管理运行机制研究

介绍了餐厨垃圾、餐厨废弃油脂定义,论证了餐厨垃圾、餐厨废弃油脂分开管理的必要性;分析了上海市餐厨垃圾、餐厨废弃油脂规范管理经验、运行机制,针对餐厨垃圾、餐厨废弃油脂源头管理、收运和处理管理,提出了相应的建议。     

深圳市生活垃圾分类成本效益分析初探

结合深圳市及国内其他城市的实践数据,分别对深圳市居民生活垃圾和餐厨垃圾的几种收运处理模式进行了成本效益分析和比较,得出了从混合收集发展为分类收集的过程中,整个垃圾管理过程的经济效益将会出现反复的结论,同时提出了餐厨垃圾收运和处理补贴捆绑发包等建议。     

杭州市餐厨垃圾管理探析

结合杭州市餐厨垃圾管理现状,分析了餐厨垃圾管理本质,并提出加强源头强制管理,加快收运市场化推进,加强资源化产品监管等对策.     

餐厨垃圾收运处理现状及其处理难点分析

介绍了当前国内主要城市餐厨垃圾处理技术及应用现状,分析了餐厨垃圾收运现状和存在问题及其处理过程中存在的技术难点,提出了餐厨垃圾处理建议。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

骨钙素与儿童生长发育

骨钙素是成骨细胞分泌的骨蛋白 ,骨钙素水平与成骨细胞活性成正相关 ,是一项很好的反映骨形成与骨转化的生化指标。小儿骨生长发育有自身特点 ,骨钙素水平的改变类似儿童身高生长曲线 ,可以很好地应用于评价儿童生长发育及监测生长障碍患儿对治疗的反应     

Cholesterol and Egg Intakes with Cardiometabolic and All-Cause Mortality among Chinese and Low-Income Black and White Americans

We examined the associations of dietary cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality among Chinese and low-income Black and White Americans. Included were 47,789 Blacks, 20,360 Whites, and 134,280 Chinese aged 40–79 years at enrollment. Multivariable Cox models with restricted cubic splines were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality outcomes using intakes of 150 mg cholesterol/day and 1 egg/week as the references. Cholesterol intake showed a nonlinear association with increased all-cause mortality and a linear association with increased cardiometabolic mortality among Black Americans: HRs (95% CIs) associated with 300 and 600 mg/day vs. 150 mg/day were 1.07 (1.03–1.11) and 1.13 (1.05–1.21) for all-cause mortality (P-linearity = 0.04, P-nonlinearity = 0.002, and P-overall < 0.001) and 1.10 (1.03–1.16) and 1.21 (1.08–1.36) for cardiometabolic mortality (P-linearity = 0.007, P-nonlinearity = 0.07, and P-overall = 0.005). Null associations with all-cause or cardiometabolic mortality were noted for White Americans (P-linearity ≥ 0.13, P-nonlinearity ≥ 0.06, and P-overall ≥ 0.05 for both). Nonlinear inverse associations were observed among Chinese: HR (95% CI) for 300 vs. 150 mg/day was 0.94 (0.92–0.97) for all-cause mortality and 0.91 (0.87–0.95) for cardiometabolic mortality, but the inverse associations disappeared with cholesterol intake > 500 mg/day (P-linearity ≥ 0.12; P-nonlinearity ≤ 0.001; P-overall < 0.001 for both). Similarly, we observed a positive association of egg intake with all-cause mortality in Black Americans, but a null association in White Americans and a nonlinear inverse association in Chinese. In conclusion, the associations of cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality may differ across ethnicities who have different dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk profiles. However, residual confounding remains possible.