铁碳微电解--生化法处理医药废水

针对浙江某医药原料厂高浓度有机废水提出了一种新型的铁碳微电解-生化处理方法,介绍了其预处理原理、工艺流程及主要技术工艺参数.工程运行结果表明,经处理后废水的B/C值明显提高,酸度显著下降,达到了污水二级排放标准.     

环卫垃圾车清洗工艺与设施

介绍了垃圾车清洗设施通过运用机电一体化技术和环境工程技术,实现了垃圾车全自动化清洗和洗车污水处理循环回用,不仅洗车效率高,并且降低了成本;并结合实例对垃圾车清洗设施运行成本进行了分析。     

高浓度酸醇树脂废水处理中试研究

采用常压蒸馏 铁碳微电解 A-O生化处理工艺对制漆企业排放的酸醇树脂废水进行中试研究,结果表明:该工艺处理效果好、运行稳定,各项指标均可达到广东省DB 44/26-2001水污染物排放限值的一级排放标准.     

某低放废水处理站的调试运行

某新建低放废水处理站主要采用絮凝沉淀、超滤和离子交换工艺处理低放废水,其废水处理可根据不同需求进行工艺组合,所选用的絮凝沉淀+过滤+超滤+离子交换处理工艺,经调试与运行后,处理效率可达99.98%,出水浓度可降为0.2 Bq/L,处理后的废水满足排放要求。     

加药溶气气浮加A／O生化处理屠宰废水应用

介绍了采用加药溶气气浮加A／O生化内循环工艺处理屠宰废水，并对运行效果进行了分析，特别介绍了工程中采用的全量加压溶气气浮反应装置，实践表明：该工艺能够在进水CODCr2450mg／L的条件下，使出水CODCr小于100mg／L，去除率高达96％以上。     

101堆废水贮存罐区源项调查

目的 通过源项调查判断101堆废水贮存罐的运行状态。方法 对废水贮存罐周围的地下水和土壤及转运泵房进行调查,通过现场测量和取样实验室分析,找出土壤污染严重的区域和辐射剂量水平较高的区域。结果 对废水贮存罐周围土壤及地下水分析结果表明,废水贮存罐在已往运行期间没有对周围土壤及地下水造成不良影响;对转运泵房调查结果表明转,运泵房区域土壤及转运泵房内部地面受到了不同程度的放射性污染。结论 总体上讲,101堆废水贮存罐运行状态良好。     

卫生防护与三废处理

CASS工艺处理高氨氮污水的脱氮设计;补加营养元素对活性污泥法处理工业废水的优化作用;A／O MBR（一体式）系统处理印染废水;水解酸化-接触氧化工艺处理印染废水     

危废焚烧高盐废水三效蒸发工艺应用研究

基于某危废处置中心高盐废水三效蒸发处理调试期的运行数据,分析研究了原料组分数据、二效物料循环及转料、三效分离器压力、分离器操作液位、出盐时间与出盐量等关键参数对系统稳定运行的影响,总结出危废焚烧高盐废水三效蒸发工艺关键技术要点:当含盐量高于8％时,加热器均建议选择强制循环型;应分别设置单独的二效转料泵与二效循环泵;进水CODCr高于1500 mg/L且水质波动较大的情况下,母液不宜回流系统;宜设置压力调节阀,控制三效分离器压力稳定在12.3 kPa(绝对压力).     

水解酸化-生物接触氧化工艺处理医院废水的效果

目的 研究水解酸化-接触氧化工艺处理医院废水的工程应用,为医院废水处理提供一种科学的方法。方法 处理工程采用水解酸化 二氧化氯消毒组合工艺,处理流程分为兼性段和好氧段。结果 经过半年多的实际运行表明,该工艺在进水生化需氧量(BOD5)150mg／L、化学需氧量(CODCr)300mg／L、固体悬浮物(SS)300mg／L、pH值6～9、粪大肠菌群50000个/L的条件下,污水经处理后,水质达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》表4中二级标准。结论 该工艺处理医院废水的工程具有较好的实际应用价值和明显的经济效益。     

镀镍废水处理与金属回收的研究

研究出以《氢氧化钠——双氧水法》处理化学镀镍废水与金属镍回收的新工艺。经本法处理后的废水,镍含量为0.20mg/L、金属镍回收率99.99％以上。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.