大段同种异体半关节移植远期疗效分析

目的：探讨分析同种异体半关节移植的临床应用及远期疗效。方法：回顾分析应用同种异体半关节移植治疗近关节骨肿瘤切除后遗留大块骨缺损，就随访资料完整，且随访时间超过5年的70例进行临床分析，异体骨移植长度8－25cm。普通髓内固定25例，交锁髓内钉固定21例，螺栓固定22例，钢板固定2例。结果：70例患者得到随访，平均随访时间10．5年（5－22年）。异体骨愈合68例，不愈合2例。主要并发症，肿瘤避部复发8例，感染7例，骨折3例，关节面塌陷6例，关节强直2例。关节功能按Mankin标准评定，优23例，良19例，中12例，满意率78．2％，结论：同种异体半关节移植是修复骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的有效手段，但应严格掌握其适应证。     

复合骨移植修复骨肿瘤切除后大段骨关节缺损

目的 报道复合骨移植修复骨肿瘤切除后大段骨关节缺损的临床疗效。方法 2001年1月-2002年12月应用带监测皮岛的自体腓骨与大段同种异体深低温冷冻骨关节复合移植修复骨肿瘤切除后大段骨关节缺损10例。结果 10例均得到随访，随访时间5～24个月。移植的自体腓骨长度最长28cm，最短15cm。8例在术后3个月即有影像学骨性愈合，10例均于术后半年完全负重和邻近关节自由活动，术后超过1年的5例均已拆除内固定，术后1年均完全愈合。结论 带监测皮岛的自体腓骨与大段同种异体深低温冷冻骨关节复合移植是修复骨肿瘤切除后大段骨关节缺损的有效且可靠的方法，可用于骨肿瘤保肢术中。     

冷冻异体半关节移植治疗四肢骨巨细胞瘤

目的：探讨分析冷冻大段同种异体骨关节移植治疗骨肿瘤的临床应用及疗效。方法：回顾分析1991－1999年间,应用冷冻保存大段同种异体骨关节治疗骨肿瘤切除后遗留大块骨缺损。就随访资料完整,且随访时间超过1年的48例进行临床分析。48例中男28例,女20例,年龄18－46岁,平均34．5岁,初发骨巨细胞瘤36例,复发骨巨细胞瘤12例,异体骨移植长度8－20cm。普通髓内钉固定16例,交锁髓内钉固定13例,螺栓固定19例。结果：48例患者得到随访,平均随访时间4．5年（2－9年）,结果异体骨愈合47例,不愈合1例,主要并发症：感染2例,骨折2例,关节面塌陷关节强直2例,关节功能按Mankin标准评定,本组优18例,良23例,中4例,差3例,治疗满意率93．7％。结论：冷冻大段册种异体骨关节移植是修复骨巨细胞瘤切除后骨缺损的有效手段,但应严格掌握其适应证。     

数字化骨库的建立及在骨肿瘤切除异体骨关节个体化重建中的应用

目的探讨数字化骨库建立的可行性,评价异体骨数字化对于导航下骨肿瘤切除异体骨重建的影响。方法采用CT扫描的方法,对骨库深低温冷冻保存的同种异体骨段进行扫描,通过三维重建建立数字化分析系统（数字化骨库）。利用数字化骨库,选择最佳匹配的骨关节重建材料,数据导人计算机导航系统,标定骨肿瘤切除和异体骨段的截骨范围,依据术前设计在导航下实施、监测。2009年11月至2011年11月,采用数字化骨库和导航辅助切除重建技术对6例关节周围恶性骨肿瘤进行治疗,患者平均年龄（27．2±9．1）岁,其中骨肉瘤3例,软骨肉瘤2例,尤文氏肉瘤1例;Enneking分期：ⅡA期2例,1IB期4例,术后评价肿瘤学结果和功能恢复情况。结果与常规异体植骨材料术前准备操作相比,数字化骨库建立后,大大缩短了异体骨关节材料的选配时间,同时明显地提高了选配的精确性。计算机导航辅助下进行肿瘤切除、异体骨关节切割以及关节力线监控,术中解剖注册点与CT三维虚拟影像匹配满意,注册误差（0．42±0．17）mm。术后影像显示肿瘤整块切除范围和异体骨关节截骨区域与术前计划完全一致,关节重建稳定,无肢体不等长和关节畸形。随访（19．3±0．7．1）个月,未见局部复发和远隔转移,无明显免疫排异反应,异体骨与宿主骨平均愈合时间（5．2±0．8）个月,无内固定松动、断裂和关节塌陷。MSTS93平均功能评分（26．2±4．1）分。结论数字化骨库的建立为术前选配同种异体骨材料提供了精细可靠的信息,结合计算机辅助导航,可以实现骨肿瘤切除异体骨关节重建的个性化设计要求,进一步提高保肢手术的安全性和效果。     

同种异体骨移植在骨肿瘤手术中的应用

目的：探讨同种异体骨移植在骨肿瘤手术中应用的范围、效果以及排异反应等问题.方法：1983年10月～2003年3月在骨肿瘤手术中使用异体骨移植120例。其中肿瘤刮除、异体松质骨移植102例；肿瘤刮除、异体大块皮质骨和松质骨移植12例；肿瘤段切除、异体股骨干移植2例；肿瘤段切除、异体半关节移植3例；肿瘤切除、大块异体骶骨移植l例：结果：120例中只有2例出现较轻的排异反应，表现为手术后切口渗出较多，3个月后停止渗出，切口愈合.其余病例均一期愈合.结论：同种异体骨在骨肿瘤手术中应用范围，一、效果好、很少出现排异反应,在骨缺损填充物中占有重要位置.     

同种异体骨移植重建四肢恶性骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损

[目的]探讨同种异体骨移植修复重建四肢恶性骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的临床疗效。[方法] 2013年6月～2017年12月对本院收治的21例四肢恶性骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损病例进行大段同种异体骨移植重建,其中复合肿瘤型人工关节置换12例,单纯异体骨段移植9例。本组病例男13例,女8例;年龄11～51岁,平均(21.53±6.54)岁,均经过术前穿刺活检及术后病理确诊,Enneking分期ⅠB期4例,ⅡB期17例,其中骨肉瘤和尤文肉瘤患者术前均行2个疗程新辅助化疗及术后规范化疗。术后采用MSTS评分进行功能评价。[结果]所有患者获随访8～48个月,平均(29.64±11.22)个月,均未发生移植异体骨或假体周围骨折,无关节脱位及假体松动。其中19例肢体功能优良,MSTS功能评分16～28分,平均(22.82±4.47)分。[结论]异体骨移植联合肿瘤型人工关节复合置换,以及异体骨段移植重建长骨干缺损仍然是治疗四肢恶性骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的一种有效重建方法。     

骨肿瘤

20060475儿童长骨骨巨细胞瘤诊断及外科治疗，20060476皮质外骨桥固定特制假体置换治疗肢体骨肿瘤，20060477应用携带监测皮岛的腓骨移植重建股骨上段肿瘤术后骨缺损，20060478经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体恶性肿瘤（附23例报告）,20060479人工关节异体骨复合移植修复骨肿瘤切除后的骨与关节缺损.[编者按]     

异体骨关节移植在胫骨上段骨肿瘤保肢治疗中的近期疗效

目的分析胫骨上段骨肿瘤患者接受同种异体骨父节移植的方法并评价该办法在胫骨七段保肢治疗中的近期疗效。方法1998年9月～2003年6月埘15例胫骨上段骨肿瘤患者行瘤段切除异体骨关节移植。其中男7例，女8例。年龄14～56岁。7例胫骨上段进展性骨巨细胞瘤．未接受化疗；8例胫骨上段恶性骨肿瘤，分别为骨肉瘤6例、梭形细胞肉瘤和恶性纤维组织细胞瘤各1例．均接受新辅助化疗．术前1～2个疗程、术后4～6个疗程。Enneking分期：IB期7例、ⅡA期2例、ⅡB期6例。所有患者采用广泛性边缘切除．移植异体骨关节长度6～16cm，平均12cm。结果术后所有患者均获随访3～58个月．平均27个月。接受化疗的8例胫骨上段恶性骨肿瘤无骨折，5例骨性愈合，3例骨不连，其中2例合并感染．局部复发1例，均行股骨下段截肢；Mankin评分：优2例，良2例，一般1例，差3例，优良率为50％。7例胫骨上段进展性骨巨细胞瘤，无感染和局部复发；2例骨小连．关节不稳2例，戴膝关节支具行走；Mankin评分：优3例，良2例，一般2例，优良率为71%。结论胫骨上段肄体骨父节移植有较高的许发症，但优势不可忽视，为胫骨上段进展性良性骨肿瘤和恶性骨肿瘤提供可选择的保肢治疗手段。     

肱骨近端恶性肿瘤切除后骨缺损的重建

目的探讨肱骨近端恶性肿瘤切除术后骨缺损的重建方法及疗效。方法对22例肱骨近端恶性肿瘤实施关节内肿瘤切除与重建术：3例采用瘤段切除灭活再植术,6例采用瘤段切除同侧锁骨翻转移植术,8例行瘤段切除人工假体置换术,5例行瘤段切除同种异体骨关节移植。结果 3例失访,19例获得随访,时间9～96（50.0±8.2）个月。局部复发4例,死亡8例。根据Enneking肢体功能评价标准：瘤段切除灭活再植患者得分为（22.8±1.4）分,同侧锁骨翻转移植患者得分为（24.2±1.6）分,异体骨关节移植患者得分为（23.9±1.5）分,人工假体置换患者得分为（26.1±1.8）分。结论肱骨近端恶性肿瘤切除后重建,成年人可首选人工假体置换,儿童及青少年可选用同侧锁骨翻转移植重建。术中需注意肩袖和外展装置的修复,大多数保肢者能保存一定的肩关节功能。     

股骨上段肿瘤切除后人工假体重建的临床研究

目的探讨肿瘤广泛切除后人工假体置换治疗股骨上段恶性肿瘤的疗效,总结并发症发生情况。方法1998年7月至2005年7月,对81例股骨上段骨肿瘤的患者行广泛切除后人工假体置换,肿瘤类型包括股骨近端转移癌30例,股骨近端原发恶性骨肿瘤39例,股骨上段周围原发恶性软组织肿瘤4例,股骨上段纤维异常增殖症3例,其他5例。9例患者使用了灭活肿瘤骨结合人工假体复合重建缺损,5例患者行异体骨人工关节复合体重建,其余67例患者均使用金属假体。术后功能评价采用MSTS93评分。结果30例骨转移癌患者中,因术后均转往相关肿瘤科室行放、化疗,随访率较低,局部复发率不详,但术后短期关节功能良好。76例（93．8％）患者术后半年MSTS93评分平均在25分以上。51例原发肿瘤患者术后随访1．5～7．0年,平均3．5年。1例患者出现髋脱位;2例患者出现假体迟发感染;2例患者出现假体松动;2例患者发生移植物与宿主骨接合处不愈合;2例患者出现髋臼磨损;3例患者出现髋部疼痛,行走困难;1例患者出现假体的下沉。5例患者在术后0．5～2．0年内发生了局部复发。结论股骨上段恶性骨肿瘤切除后应用人工假体重建骨缺损,并发症较少,可以早期进行康复训练,术后髋关节功能良好,可作为股骨上段恶性骨肿瘤切除后的首选重建方法。     

异体骨关节移植后骨愈合的X线形式及影响因素

目的探讨肢体恶性肿瘤接受大段同种异体骨关节移植后和异体骨愈合在X线的表现及影响因素，以改进手术方法。方法1992年5月～1999年3月，对收治的90例中可纳入统计的85例骨恶性肿瘤在手术切除长段骨关节后，应用不同内固定方式进行异体骨关节移植，其中16例保留髁部关节面的异体骨段移植，57例异体关节移植，9例复合异体骨段人工髋关节置换，3例膝关节置换。术后平均随访2年9个月，以X线片表现判定骨愈合方式，依据Enneking肢体恶性肿瘤保肢术后的肢体功能标准，评价手术结果。结果85例101处异体骨与自体骨接合部有91处达到临床骨愈合。根据X线片表现特征，异体骨与自体骨间有4种愈合方式，其中以断端周围形成外骨痴、同时植骨间隙逐渐消失最多见；内固定不牢固是引起术后骨不愈合的主要原因；异体骨周围软组织覆盖、血供差及大段异体骨移植后诱发的免疫排异反应等可能影响骨愈合；远离异体骨与自体骨结合部的肿瘤复发或感染、不同长度的异体骨对骨愈合无肯定的负作用；选用牢固的髓内固定、断端周围植骨及采用骨膜袖套技术可减少术后骨不愈合的发生。结论大段异体骨关节移植后骨愈合有不同的X线片表现形式。手术设计应为异体骨提供充足的血液供应、牢固的内固定支撑和完善的软组织覆盖。     

人工关节假体复合大段同种异体骨移植重建肢体功能

目的 探讨采用复合人工关节假体大段同种异体骨移植的方法治疗肢体恶性骨肿瘤的手术原理及效果。方法 骨肿瘤患者１６例,年龄１９岁－６０岁,其中骨肉瘤４例,软骨肉瘤２例,恶性骨巨细胞瘤３例,纤维肉瘤３例,其它恶性骨肿瘤４例,肢体功能重建方法包括：复合股骨近端的全髋关节置换术３例,复合股骨近端的双极人工股骨头置换术７例,复合股骨下端或胫骨上端的全膝关节置换６例,结果 本组１６例经１．５－５．０年随访,１例     

Massive bone allografts in large skeletal defects after tumor surgery: a clinical and microradiographic evaluation

Massive deep-frozen bone allografts were implanted in 13 patients after en bloc tumor resection. Patients were followed up for 14 months to 17 years. Most of the reconstructive procedures included a segmental bone allograft with knee or ankle fusion. Graft infections were the most critical complications in regard to the end results, finally requiring amputation in two cases. There were three stress fractures; two of which were successfully treated without further complication. Graft incorporation was assessed by bone scintimetry in four cases. Isotope uptake by the center of the graft was found to be superior to control bone segments at only 15 years after surgery. Two recovered allograft specimens were available for a microradiographic study. Creeping substitution was a very slow process, initiated at the outer surface of the graft and characterized at 2-3 years after implantation by large, incompletely filled osteons. The present investigation demonstrates that massive bone allografts are very slowly revascularized and are intimately anchored by the host bone. Provided that tumor control is effective and graft infection is avoided, reconstructive surgery with massive bone allografts represents a successful alternative to prosthetic implants in young adult with a long life expectancy.     

Massive bone allografts in large skeletal defects after tumor surgery: a clinical and microradiographic evaluation

Summary Massive deep-frozen bone allografts were implanted in 13 patients after en bloc tumor resection. Patients were followed up for 14 months to 17 years. Most of the reconstructive procedures included a segmental bone allograft with knee or ankle fusion. Graft infections were the most critical complications in regard to the end results, finally requiring amputation in two cases. There were three stress fractures; two of which were successfully treated without further complication. Graft incorporation was assessed by bone scintimetry in four cases. Isotope uptake by the center of the graft was found to be superior to control bone segments at only 15 years after surgery. Two recovered allograft specimens were available for a microradiographic study. Creeping substitution was a very slow process, initiated at the outer surface of the graft and characterized at 2–3 years after implantation by large, incompletely filled osteons. The present investigation demonstrates that massive bone allografts are very slowly revascularized and are intimately anchored by the host bone. Provided that tumor control is effective and graft infection is avoided, reconstructive surgery with massive bone allografts represents a successful alternative to prosthetic implants in young adults with a long life expectancy.     

The effect of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (bone morphogenetic protein-7) impregnation on allografts in a canine intercalary bone defect.

The utility of cortical allografts in repairing large bone defects is limited by their slow and incomplete incorporation into host bone. In order to determine the effects of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (rhOP-1) impregnation on allograft incorporation, we used a canine intercalary bone defect model. Bilateral resection of a 4 cm segment of the femoral diaphysis and reconstruction with structural bone allografts were performed. In one limb, the allograft was soaked in solution with rhOP-1 for 1 h before implantation. In the other limb, the allograft was soaked in the same solution without rhOP-1. Dynamic load-bearing, radiographic analysis, biomechanical testing, and histomorphometric analysis were conducted. Radiographic analysis showed significantly larger periosteal callus area in the rhOP-1 treated group at week 2. The rhOP-1 significantly increased allograft bone porosity and significantly increased the number of active osteons in the allografts. There were no significant differences between the rhOP-1 treated and non-treated allografts in load bearing and biomechanical analyses. These findings indicate that rhOP- I increases intercalary allograft remodeling without deleterious effects in mechanical and functional strength.     

计算机辅助恶性骨肿瘤个性化切除与精确重建

目的探讨计算机辅助恶性骨肿瘤个性化切除与精确重建的新方法,评价计算机辅助技术在恶性骨肿瘤手术治疗中的价值。方法 2007年1月～2010年7月共收治13例恶性骨肿瘤患者。其中男7例,女6例,年龄19～46岁。Enneking分期ⅡA期8例,ⅡB期5例。所有患者均采用薄层CT扫描获取病变部位的二维数据,重建三维解剖模型,运用计算机辅助设计（computer aided design,CAD）技术精确设计肿瘤切除范围、个性化辅助手术模板以及个性化骨修复体,模拟骨缺损修复重建过程。术中按照CAD方案精确切除肿瘤组织,采用外形匹配的异体骨或异体骨＋个性化人工关节置换重建骨肿瘤切除后遗留骨缺损。随访期间采用骨与软组织肿瘤学会（Musculoskeletal Tumor Society,MSTS）保肢评分系统对随访患者进行功能评价。结果 13例患者均获得随访,随访时间10～52个月,平均24.8个月。术后早期X线片显示骨缺损区域结构重建效果好,骨缺损区域解剖结构获得恢复。所有患者均存活,末次随访MSTS评分为17～27分,平均23.5分,其中优7例,良4例,可2例。2例发生异体骨感染,1例异体骨不愈合,1例钢板断裂,2例异体骨吸收。1例髋臼肿瘤术后18个月局部复发,行肿瘤再切除治疗。结论将计算机辅助技术用于骨恶性肿瘤的手术治疗,可以正确设计肿瘤切除边界、准确切除肿瘤并对病变区域的骨关节结构进行精确重建,从而将骨肿瘤手术治疗提升到个性化外科手术的高度。     

Femoral reconstruction by massive allografts in revision of hip prostheses with major bone defects

Summary Major bone defects are commonly encountered in revision of total hip arthroplasties. We reconstruct both the acetabular and femoral component with bone allografts to allow successful implantation of a new prosthesis. Frozen femoral heads are used for all kinds of acetabular defects and for small femoral defects, and irradiated massive cortical allografts have been used since 1985 for major deficiencies of the femur. The femoral reconstruction technique differed according to the type of surgery: —After removal of a failed massive femoral prosthesis, a long-stem Charnley prosthesis was cemented in the proximal allograft and the distal host femoral shaft. —When revision of standard arthroplasties was performed, different surgical procedures were used according to the type of bone deficiency encountered, the goal being to preserve as much host bone as possible. We used either segmental allografts covered with the remaining host femoral cortex preserved with its soft tissue attachments, or segmental allografts impacted into an enlarged residual shaft. In other cases, a semi-circular allograft strut was used for replacing or reinforcing a deficient cortex. A cemented longstem Charnley prosthesis was generally used, but whenever possible a standard stem was implanted.From 1985 to the end of 1992, 102 upper femoral reconstructions for major revision arhtroplasties were performed in our department. Onlay struts had excellent results, always united, and complications were rare. Segmental allografts had a higher complication rate. The frequency of trochanteric complications (20%) implies firm initial fixation, apparently better ensured by plates, though screwing through the graft risks damaging it, as occurred once. Graft or prostheses failures were rare, and occurred mainly with large segmental allografts used in custommade massive prosthesis replacement, the conditions then being comparable with malignant tumor reconstruction surgery. When complications occurred, the benefit of initial bone stock repair was preserved in most cases, allowing easy further revision.Massive irradiated allografts appear to be an effective method in major femoral reconstructions. These results rely on safe bone banking procedures, which require predefined and strictly controlled methods. Good results also depend on suitable surgical techniques, particularly efficient graft stability, secure muscle reattachment, and reliable prostheses. The aim of the different surgical technics we used in revision arthroplasties was to obtain good anatomic situation, alignment and length, while preserving as much as possible of the residual host bone.     

超长腓骨嵌入植骨治疗小儿长骨腔性骨缺损

探讨小儿骨骨病、肿瘤切除后腔性骨缺损的修复效果。方法：采用吻合血管的超长腓骨嵌入移植术式,修复骨肿瘤,肿瘤样变切除后的骨缺损。结果：经术后１－８年的随访,嵌入大段腓骨与病灶清除后腔性骨床相融一体,未见肿瘤复发;修复骨质的外形与功能均令人满意。