经桡动脉途径介入治疗老年患者冠状动脉分叉病变

目的通过对比桡动脉、股动脉途径PCI治疗老年患者冠状动脉分叉病变的成功率、手术即刻效果及患者的术后近中期预后情况,探讨经桡动脉(TRI)途径处理老年患者冠状动脉分叉病变的可行性和安全性。方法研究共入选135例接受PCI治疗的老年冠状动脉分叉病变患者,根据初始选择的介入途径分为TRI组(n=64)和经股动脉(TFI)组(n=71),对比两组患者接受PCI治疗的成功率、造影剂用量、手术时间、并发症的发生率及再狭窄的发生率。结果TRI组64例中63例成功使用经桡动脉动脉,1例由于桡动脉严重痉挛并入股动脉组。PCI成功率TRI组为98.4%,TFI组为100%。PCI术中,TRI组84.1%的患者选用的是6F导引导管,而TFI组76.4%患者选用的是7F导引导管。术后TRI组仅1例患者出现血管并发症,而TFI组患者中有5例患者出现了血管并发症。TRI组和TFI组患者在PCI术后9个月时严重心脏不良事件的发生率(14.3%比15.3%)、支架血栓事件(1/6比1/71)及随访期造影提示主、边支界定再狭窄率(10.9%比10.0%,17.4%比22.0%)差异无统计学意义。结论经桡动脉途径PCI治疗老年患者分叉病变具有良好的可行性和安全性,有利于降低血管并发症的发生率。     

经皮桡动脉冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的 探讨经皮桡动脉入路冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死的临床应用及预后随访.方法 收集2008年7月至2014年5月苏州市立医院确诊的急性心肌梗死患者179例,其中经皮桡动脉入路介入治疗107例（TRI组）,经皮股动脉入路介入治疗72例（TFI组）.观察两组的穿刺成功率、PCI成功率、手术总时间、穿刺点并发症情况,以及随访3个月预后情况.结果 TRI组107例患者中,前壁心梗47例,下壁心梗39例,其他21例;单支病变24例,双支病变34例,三支病变49例.TFI组72例患者中,前壁心梗27例,下壁心梗29例,其他16例;单支病变12例,双支病变20例,三支病变40例.TRI组和TFI组穿刺成功率分别为97.2％和100％,P=0.401;PCI成功率分别为89.7％和95.8％,P=0.135;手术总时间分别为（79.4±32.0）min和（78.8±33.3）min,P=0.911.术后3个月的随访临床结果显示,MACE事件发生率TRI组较TFI组低.结论 经皮桡动脉直接冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死同经皮股动脉一样有着较高的手术成功率,且并发症较少,是急性心肌梗死介入治疗的最佳入路途径.     

经桡动脉与经股动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死的对比研究

目的：探讨对急性心肌梗死患者经桡动脉途径行急诊介入治疗的有效性和可行性。方法：回顾性分析急诊介入治疗ST段抬高心肌梗死62例,对比经桡动脉介入（TRI,38例）及经股动脉介入（TFI,24例）穿刺成功率及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）成功率、血管穿刺时间及手术时间、出血及穿刺相关并发症。结果：血管穿刺成功率：TRI组为97.4%,TFI组为100%,PCI成功率分别为94.7%和95.8%（P〉0.05）,均无明显差异。两组血管穿刺时间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。TRI组总PCI时间明显短于TFI组[（38.56±11.55）min比（43.77±10.62）min,P〈0.05];穿刺相关并发症发生率明显低于TFI组（5.26%比16.67%,P〈0.01）。结论：经桡动脉途径急诊介入治疗急性心肌梗死安全有效,不逊于经股动脉途径,对于选择性手术可以优先选用。     

经桡动脉与经股动脉路径进行冠状动脉介入治疗院内费用和预后差异的研究进展

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI),是经心导管技术疏通狭窄甚至闭塞的冠状动脉管腔,从而改善心肌的血流灌注的治疗方法。与传统经股动脉路径介入治疗(transfemoral percutaneous coronary intervention,TFI)相比,经桡动脉路径冠状动脉介入治疗(transradial percutaneous coronary intervention,TRI)具有并发症较少,住院时间较短,且患者满意度较高的优势。由于目前尚不清楚接受这两种路径治疗的冠状动脉疾病患者住院期间费用及临床预后是否存在差异,评价TRI和TFI的卫生经济学效益和医疗结果的研究报道少见,因此,评价PCI患者中TFI和TRI的卫生经济学及医疗预后差异具有重要意义。本文通过对国际PCI的水平与现状、国内PCI的水平与现状以及中国TFI与TRI两种介入术式治疗的院内费用和相关医疗风险作一综述。     

经桡动脉途径介入治疗急性心肌梗死临床分析

目的 评价急性心肌梗死患者经皮桡动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性和有效性.方法 共入选91例急性心肌梗死患者,经桡动脉介入治疗组(TRD)59例,经股动脉介入治疗组(TFD)32例.观察穿刺成功率、手术成功率、手术时间、透视时间、造影剂用量及穿刺并发症.结果 两组穿刺成功率、手术成功率、手术时间、透视时间、造影剂用量差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),TRI组穿刺并发症明显低于TFI组(P＜0.05).结论 急性心肌梗死行PCI时,经桡动脉途径同样安全、有效,手术结果相似而并发症明显减少.     

经桡动脉和股动脉途径行冠状动脉介入术的对照研究

目的比较经桡动脉和股动脉途径行冠状动脉造影术(coronaryangiography,CAG)和经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneouscoronaryintervention,PCI)的优缺点。方法2005年1月～2005年8月行CAG和(或)PCI患者231例,按途径分为2组,桡动脉组111例,股动脉组120例。比较两组手术成功率、并发症发生率、手术操作时间和住院时间。结果手术成功率:桡动脉组97.3%,股动脉组96.7%,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);血管相关并发症发生率:桡动脉组1.8%,股动脉组17.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);CAG操作时间:桡动脉组(19±5)min,股动脉组(17±4)min,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);PCI操作时间:桡动脉组(56±8)min,股动脉组(56±12)min,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);住院时间:桡动脉组(2.1±1.3)日,股动脉组(3.7±0.8)日,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与股动脉途径比较,经桡动脉途径行CAG和(或)PCI,并发症少,住院时间短,费用低,患者舒适度高,值得推广应用。     

经桡动脉介入治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的安全性与有效性

目的:评价急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经桡动脉冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性和有效性.方法:回顾性分析92例行PCI治疗的急性STEMI患者,经桡动脉介入治疗组(TRI组,60例)和经股动脉介入治疗组(TFI组,32例).对比观察:①穿刺成功率与PCI成功率.②手术时间及透视时间.③术中置入支架数、造影剂用量以及指引导管的选择.④穿刺相关并发症.⑤住院天数及住院期间主要心血管事件.结果:2组穿刺成功率、手术成功率、手术操作时间、透视时间、置入支架数、造影剂用量及住院天数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).TRI组穿刺并发症明显低于TFI组 (8.3%∶28.1%,P<0.05).经桡动脉途径往往需要支撑力较好、具有特殊造型的指引导管.结论:急性STEMI患者行PCI时,经桡动脉途径同样安全、有效,手术结果相似而出血并发症明显减少.     

经桡动脉和股动脉途径对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者行直接介入治疗的对比研究

目的比较不同途径直接经皮冠状动脉介入(primary percutaneous coronary intervention,PPCI)治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析120例STEMI患者的临床资料,比较经桡动脉PPCI治疗(TRI组,n=62)与经股动脉PPCI治疗(TFI组,n=58)的成功率、疗效和术后并发症的发生率。结果两组建立通路时间、手术操作时间、X-线暴露时间、穿刺成功率、血管开通率[心肌梗死溶栓试验(thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI)血流2级]比较有所差别,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TRI组手术并发症(如假性动脉瘤、拔管时迷走反射、尿潴留),卧床时间及住院时间低于TFI组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论经桡动脉途径行PPCI治疗STEMI是安全、有效、可行的方法,与股动脉途径相比,经桡动脉途径术后并发症少,可作为急性心肌梗死PPCI治疗的首选途径,值得临床推广应用。     

经桡动脉、股动脉途径急诊介入治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死的对照研究

目的探讨经桡动脉行急诊经皮介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)的有效性和安全性。方法 2010年1月—2011年12月我院收治的409例诊断明确、有急诊PCI适应症的STEMI住院患者,分为桡动脉组(213例)与股动脉组(196例)。观察两组手术成功率、手术时间和术后血管并发症发生率。结果两组患者PCI成功率无统计学意义(96.71%vs 97.44%,P>0.05)。桡动脉组假性动脉瘤、迷走反射发生率显著低于股动脉组。结论经桡动脉途径急症PCI治疗STEMI患者是一种安全、有效和可行的方法,与股动脉途径比较,经桡动脉途径可减少并发症的发生。     

经桡动脉和经股动脉介入治疗静脉桥血管病变的比较研究

目的:比较经桡动脉介入治疗(TRI)和经股动脉介入治疗(TFI)静脉桥血管病变的临床疗效.方法:研究对象为我院2006-01至2009-12的31例TRI(桡动脉组)和115例TFI(股动脉组)的静脉桥血管病变患者,比较TRI和TFI患者临床特征、操作特点及住院期间临床疗效.结果:桡动脉组和股动脉组的X线曝光时间[(15.6±3.7)分比(14.5±3.4)分]、操作时间[(34.6±15.2)分比(37.4±18.8)分]、造影剂用量[ (225±120) ml比(263±130)ml],差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).桡动脉组与股动脉组操作成功率(93.5％比95.6％,P＞0.05),差异无统计学意义;而股动脉组血管径路并发症较桡动脉组显著增加(3.2％比15.7％,P=0.04),差异有统计学意义.桡动脉组和股动脉组住院期间主要不良心脏事件(0％比2.0％)、死亡(0％比0％)、心肌梗死(0％比0.9％)、靶病变血运重建(0％比0.9％)发生率均类似,差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论:与TFI相比,TRI静脉桥血管病变安全有效,且血管径路并发症明显减少,但造影与介入同期完成比例较少.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.