补体受体1型的结构功能及sCR1基因克隆表达的策略

补体受体1型（Complement receptor type 1,CR1）具有外源性及内源性活性,既可灭活组装于非自身细胞膜上的C3/C5转化酶,也可灭活自身细胞膜上形成的C3/C5转化酶。CR1是唯一既对经典,替代及植物凝集素（MBL）3个补体激活途径的,对C3/C5转化酶拥有衰变加速活性,又有辅助1因子裂解C3b和C4b作用的补体调节蛋白。对补体分子的过度活化具有抑制和调节作用,在防治补体介导的缺血再灌注损伤以及异种器官移植超急性排斥反应等疾病具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要综述CR1的结构功能及生物学活性,sCR1基因的克隆与表达及在创伤、缺血再灌注损伤中的应用研究现状。     

闭合性喉气管断裂伤的诊断与治疗

目的 提高对闭合性喉气管断裂伤的诊治水平.方法 报告38例闭合性喉气管断裂伤病例的临床资料,其中急性外伤16例,陈旧性外伤22例.对临床易发生的问题进行分析.结果 38例中16例急性喉外伤在24～48小时之间行手术治疗,22例陈旧性喉外伤因其它原因在32～129天后行手术治疗.35例手术成功拔管,3例因喉气管狭窄手术失败不能拔管,均为陈旧期手术患者.结论 对于急性闭合性喉气管断裂伤应根据其病情轻重程度进行早期处理,尽快恢复喉和气管通气功能,预防后遗症及并发症的发生,提高治愈率.     

快餐消费者的消费行为心理及对营养的认知调查

 目的 调查分析快餐消费者对快餐的营养认知、消费行为和消费心理情况,引导消费者正确处理快餐与日常正餐的关系。方法 采用随机抽样的方法,选择北京地区中、西式快餐各3个品牌,每个品牌选择4家分店,采用入店访问式现场调查方法,数据处理采用频数分析法。结果 共调查1722名,问卷合格率98.6%,选择中西式快餐的人群多为20～39岁者(68%),大多数消费者因为“口味喜欢”(66.4%)而选择快餐,且优选“优惠套餐”(48.2%),为了“省事方便”(64.3%)。消费快餐的频率多数是每月就餐1～2次(35.1%),多数优选“西式快餐店的中式食品”(60.3%),对中西式快餐店中的健康宣传语 “偶尔看看”(55.9%),但多数认为起到了“警示和营养宣教的作用”(64.1%)。大多数消费者认为,媒体对西式快餐的报道未影响他们对西式快餐的正常消费(44.9%);但中式快餐的负面报道却影响了消费者的正常消费(43.9%),理由多数是“影响健康”(37.9%)。快餐消费人群中体型正常者居多,但40岁以上者超重百分比大于20～39岁者。结论 中西式快餐消费人群为20～39岁者,消费频率不高,多数因为“口味喜欢”而选择中式或西式快餐,基本不存在对中式或西式快餐食品安全误解的问题,对快餐店的营养健康宣传语持赞同态度,但如何处理快餐与正常餐的搭配问题,存在误区。     

MRI of the foot and ankle: prevalence and distribution of occult and palpable ganglia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and anatomic distribution of occult and palpable ganglia of the foot and ankle as seen by MRI. Within a 7-year period MRI of the ankle was performed on 2813 patients, and MRI of the foot on 2277 patients using a 1.5T magnet. In all, 167 ganglia in 155 patients were detected. MR images of these patients were reviewed retrospectively by two observers with regard to prevalence, imaging characteristics, and exact anatomic location of ganglia. Clinical findings and (when available) surgical reports were also reviewed. One hundred fifty-seven ganglia in 145 patients were present on MR images of the ankle, and 10 ganglia in 10 patients on MR images of the foot, resulting in a prevalence of 5.6% (157/2813) in the ankle, and a prevalence of 0.4% (10/2277) in the foot. The most common location was the tarsal sinus or tarsal canal (57/167 ganglia [34.1%]). However, only four of these (7%) were palpable as a soft-tissue mass. The second most common location was around the Lisfranc joint (23/167 [13.8%]), of which 11/23 [47.8%] were clinically palpable. Palpable ganglia were statistically larger in size than occult ganglia measured in any of three diameters (P = 0.01-0.002). In addition, ganglia of the foot and ankle represented 42% of all clinically suspected soft-tissue masses. Ganglia in the foot and ankle are an infrequent finding on routine MRI of the foot and ankle. When they occur, these ganglia are most frequently located in the tarsal sinus and tarsal canal, where they are occult to clinical palpation. If ganglia are clinically palpable, they are most commonly located around the Lisfranc joint. In addition, palpable ganglia are larger than occult ganglia.     

Possibilities and limitations of radiology--CT and MRT in cases of tumors of the uterus and ovary

The author describes the present possibilities of computed tomography (CT) and of magnetic resonance (MR) tomography. MR is superior to CT in the visualisation of carcinomas of the cervix and endometrium, especially in the initial stages, whereas in the diagnosis of the spread of tumours (especially the advanced ones) CT yields results similar to those of MR. In carcinoma of the ovary, however, MR has so far not proved to be definitely superior to CT despite the multiplanar visualisation possibilities it offers. It is in fact inferior to CT especially in clarifying the extent of extrapelvic spread. In posttherapeutic diagnostics MR explores new avenues in respect of delineation between scar and recurrence, as initial investigations have shown.     

骨内腱鞘囊肿的发病机制及临床和影像学表现研究

目的：探讨骨内腱鞘囊肿的发病机制、临床特点及影像学表现,提高对本病的认识及术前诊断与鉴别诊断能力。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的28例骨内腱鞘囊肿的临床及影像学资料;28例均行x线平片、CT检查,其中16例行MRI检查。结果：28例均为单发病变,共28个病灶,其中股骨头6个,胫骨近端6个,距骨滑车6个．胫骨远端3个,腕月骨3个．股骨远端、髋臼、肱骨近端和腕舟骨各1个。病灶均位于骨内邻近关节面,病灶大小介于0．8cm×1．2cm～2．5cm×2．9cm之间。单房型25例．多房型3例。28个病灶X线平片和CT表现为圆形、类圆形或不规则形囊样低密度区,边缘清晰,均有薄层完整硬化边．相邻关节间隙无明显改变。16个病灶MRIT,wI表现为低到中等信号,TzwI表现为高信号。多房型病灶内有粗细不等的骨性间隔,MRI表现为长T-短T。信号。穿透型15例,表现为病灶通过邻关节面裂隙与关节腔相通或病灶与关节旁软组织腱鞘囊肿相连;特发型13例,表现为骨内单一病灶,骨外结构正常。结论：骨内腱鞘囊肿有其特殊发病部位,影像学表现典型,结合发病年龄和临床症状,可以作出正确的术前诊断。     

气管支气管破裂的诊断和处理

目的 评价早、晚期气管、支气管断裂的诊断、治疗特点与动脉血气改变。方法 分析34例气管、支气管破裂的病裂,包括气管重建2例、修补2例及保守治疗3例,支气管重建19例,全肺切除6例。术前和术后2周进行动脉血气分析。结果 29例经手术治疗后痊愈,4例保守治愈,1例拒绝手术。结论 诊断依据胸部外伤史、胸部X线检查和纤维支气管镜检查,治疗采取气管、支气管重建术。重建术后出现支气管吻合口狭窄者经再次手术治疗效果仍满意。动脉血气分析显示,术后2周多数患者PaO2和SaO2可恢复到正常水平。     

Mammography and the experience of pain and anxiety

Purpose: To estimate the pain and anxiety experienced by women in relation to mammography, and how radiographers can improve the situation for women attending for the X-ray examination.Methods: The study recruited 170 women aged between 40 and 69 years. Structured questionnaires were used: McGill Pain Questionnaire; State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Questionnaire for Predictor Variables.Results: During mammography, 66.5% of the women reported feeling pain, but most of them described the pain as mild or moderate. There is a correlation between anxiety and pain after mammography (P<0.01).Conclusions: Anxiety and pain in connection with mammography were real enough, but were not perceived as a great problem by most of the women in the study.     

氟罗沙星葡萄糖注射液的质量控制及稳定性探讨

目的 建立测定氟罗沙星葡萄糖注射液的质量控制方法,并考察其稳定性.方法 采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:WondasilTM C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相:三乙胺磷酸溶液-乙腈(83:17);检测波长:286 nm;流速:1.0 ml/ min;柱温:30℃;进样量20μl.结果 氟罗沙星的浓...     

Imaging and management of head and neck paragangliomas

Paragangliomas of the head and neck are highly vascular lesions originating from paraganglionic tissue located at the carotid bifurcation (carotid body tumors), along the vagus nerve (vagal paragangliomas), and in the jugular fossa and tympanic cavity (jugulotympanic paragangliomas). Diagnostic imaging can be considered in two clinical situations: (1) patients who present with clinical symptoms suggestive of a paraganglioma, and (2) individuals from families with hereditary paragangliomas. It is not only necessary to detect and characterize the lesion, but also to study the presence of multiplicity. For these purposes, MR imaging, and especially 3D TOF MRA, is the modality of choice. CT scanning is especially useful to show destruction of the temporal bone. Angiography in combination with embolization will mainly be used prior to surgical resection, but can also be used for diagnostic purposes when the diagnosis is not yet clear. Many parameters play a role in the decision to treat of which multifocality and impairment of cranial nerves are the most important. The primary therapeutic option for paragangliomas is complete excision of tumor with preservation of vital neurovascular structures. Resection however, should be balanced against a more conservative wait and scan policy or palliative treatments such as radiotherapy.     

大鼠放射性胸膜炎及氟伐他汀防治作用研究

目的 :探讨放射性胸膜炎的发病机制及氟伐他汀的防治作用。方法 :将 98只雌性SD大鼠分为正常对照组 ( 10只 ) ,单纯照射组 ( 38只 )和氟伐他汀防治组 ( 5 0只 )。防治组于照射前 1周每只每天按 2 0mg/kg氟伐他汀灌胃 ,直至活杀 ,其他组灌服等量生理盐水。单纯照射组与氟伐他汀防治组行直线加速器全胸部照射 ,剂量为单次2 0Gy。照射后 5 ,15 ,30 ,6 0d按 4 0mg/kg硫喷妥钠腹腔内注射 ,麻醉后剪开胸腔 ,有胸水者抽取胸水进行常规及生化检查 ,细菌培养 ,并取肺组织以甲醛溶液固定 ,作病理切片检查。数据采用 χ2 检验。结果 :88只大鼠在照射后31～ 6 0d ,2 7只发生放射性胸膜炎 ,总发生率为 30 .7%。其中单纯照射组发生率为 4 2 .1% ( 16 /38) ,氟伐他汀防治组发生率为 2 2 % ( 11/5 0 ) ,χ2 值为 4 .10。与单纯照射组相比 ,氟伐他汀防治组放射性胸膜炎明显减少 ,而且病理改变也较轻 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :放射性胸膜炎在放射性肺损伤的早期即可出现 ,氟伐他汀能有效防治放射性胸膜炎的发生与发展     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂及其受体在肺癌中表达的定量研究及其意义

目的研究尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂（uPA）及其受体（uPAR）在人肺癌中的表达及其与肺癌临床病理特征的关系。方法通过免疫组织化学方法检测101例肺癌组织及7例正常肺组织中uPA、uPAR的表达情况,利用CMIAS2000型多功能真彩病理图像分析系统测量计算各病例中uPA、uPAR蛋白阳性细胞的平均光密度（AOD）和积分光密度（IOD）。结果 uPA、uPAR在肺癌组织中表达的阳性率高于正常肺组织,二者在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的表达强于小细胞肺癌（SCLC）但均不具有显著性差异;二者在不同组织学类型、不同分期肺癌中的表达均不具有显著性差异;uPAR与肺癌分级呈显著正相关;uPA、uPAR与肺癌淋巴结转移密切相关,与合并分期显著正相关;二者之间均存在显著正相关关系。结论 uPA、uPAR参与肺癌侵袭转移,且二者具有协同作用。     

新疆主要人畜共患病及非强制免疫类动物疫病防控现状及对策

通过汇总2016-2020年新疆动物防疫工作调研情况和动物疫病的监测情况,分析得出新疆主要人畜共患病及非强制免疫类动物疫病呈现出疫病种类繁多,造成的损失巨大的特点。其中细菌病布鲁氏菌病仍处于多发态势,防控难度较大;牛结核病在新疆各地均有感染点,呈现出点多面广的特点,又以东疆感染率较高;其他病原菌主要是产气荚膜梭菌、巴氏杆菌、大肠杆菌等,而产气荚膜梭菌病近2年呈多发趋势。寄生虫病中包虫病畜间阳性率仍然呈现缓慢增长的趋势;羊痒螨病发病率在南疆有上升趋势。病毒病中山羊痘在南疆呈现多发的趋势。基于以上现状,新疆主要人畜共患病及非强制免疫类动物疫病防控面临的主要问题有:政策长期关注度不够,防控力量投入少,社会认知度低;疫病防控技术服务体系建设相对滞后;部分地区畜牧业生产方式仍然落后;流通监管环节仍存漏洞;非强制免疫类动物疫病的免疫效果参差不齐等方面的主要问题。本文针对以上问题提出了切合实际的意见建议和防控对策。     

钍在组织细胞中的定位和分辨方法

本文介绍了三种定位和分辨钍在组织细胞中的方法:第一是放射自显影的方法,包括利甩国产核子乳胶进行组织放射自显影和利用硝酸纤维薄膜观察骨磨片在薄膜上形成的固体径迹。它们的径迹可经过计数以确定钍在组织中的数量,第二是利用钍与铀试剂Ⅱ产生显色反应,可分辨出钍在组织细胞中的位置;第三是利用高能电子束轰击某元素而放出特征X线的原理,也就是利用电子探针的X线显微分析法探查在超微切片中钍的存在。这三种方法在应用时都有各自的优缺点。本文都给予了适当的评价。     

高原低氧环境对人体生长发育和营养状况的影响

目的:研究高原低氧环境对人体发育和营养状况的影响。方法:依照中华人民共和国国家军用标准(GJB1102-91)《中国人民解放军战士身体发育测量及评价》对驻守在海拔4300m某地的277名战士进行身体发育指标的测量并计算派生出其他指标,与120名平原战士比较。同时按高原居住不同时间对277名高原战士进行组内对照。结果:与平原战士比较,高原战士的体重、上臂围、上臂肌围、三头肌部皮褶厚度、肩胛下皮褶厚度、体脂含量、体质指数、比体重等均低于平原战士,相差非常显著(P<0.01)。高原居住时间越长,营养缺乏越严重。结论:高原低氧环境由于营养供給不足,加之缺氧状态机体营养代谢紊乱,致使人体体质量下降、肌消瘦、营养缺乏等,进而导致机体免疫力下降,患病率增高。     

CT设备中CT值线性的测量与分析

目的测量CT设备的CT值线性,评价物质材料的CT值（测量值）对其衰减系数μ是否满足线性关系。方法利用Catphan体模对18台CT设备进行测试,计算出CT值线性。结果18台设备中有14台设备的CT值线性达到指标,其余4台则有所偏移。结论（1）有多种因素影响CT值线性,且CT值线性不好会导致图像的伪影。（2）必须定期对CT值线性这项参数进行校正,确保其稳定性,以利于设备的正确诊断。     

飞行员血浆及尿中胆囊收缩素,生长抑素含量的相关性研究

为探索一种简便的尿中胆囊收缩素（ＣＣＫ），生长抑素（ＳＳ）直接测定方法，采用放射免疫分析方法（ＲＩＡ）测定了７８名飞行员血浆、２４ｈ尿、晨尿中的ＣＣＫ、ＳＳ的含量，并与０名当地地勤人员进行了比较。结果：（１）飞行员血浆及尿中ＣＣＫ含量均显著低于对照组（Ｐ均〈０．０５）；ＳＳ均显著高于对照组（Ｐ均〈０．０５）。（２）所有检测对象血浆中ＣＣＫ、ＳＳ含量与２４ｈ尿、晨尿中含量均呈正相关（Ｐ均〈０．０５）