CD3-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma relapses as CD3-negative large B-cell lymphoma: Loss of aberrant antigen expression in B-cell lymphoma after chemotherapy

Aberrant expression of CD3 on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is rare, and its mechanism and biological significance are currently unclear. Herein we report a case of Epstein-Barr virus-negative, CD3-positive DLBCL in a 53?year-old male, who had a remote history of renal transplantation. After standard chemotherapy, the patient was in clinical remission. He relapsed three years later, but at this time with apparent loss of CD3 expression. PCR-based IGK gene rearrangement studies demonstrated clonal amplicons with an identical nucleotide size between the primary and secondary DLBCL, confirming the clonal relationship despite their phenotypic differences. To our knowledge, this is the first case of CD3-positive DLBCL that demonstrated a loss of aberrant CD3 on relapse. The chronologic change in phenotype seen in this case suggests that the source of the patient’s lymphoma relapse may arise from either a quiescent subclone without CD3 expression, or from an upstream neoplastic precursor cell.     

Gene expression patterns in AIDS versus non-AIDS-related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is more prevalent and more often fatal in AIDS patients compared to immune-competent individuals. Potential explanations for these differences include distinct tumorigenic mechanisms and/or altered cellular microenvironments. We previously discovered that the TCL1 (T-cell leukemia-1) proto-oncogene is expressed in a high proportion of AIDS-DLBCL compared to DLBCL cases and that aberrant TCL1 expression causes DLBCL in a new transgenic mouse model. Here, we continue to search for other genes that may contribute to the differential pathogenesis of DLBCL in AIDS. Gene subtraction yielded over 1800 potential AIDS-DLBCL candidates, of which about 50% were unknown and not further considered. The remaining 50% of genes were annotated and, when combined with miniarray screening from multiple patient samples, were reduced to 18 candidate genes for extended analysis. These 18 genes showed distinct patterns of expression in both AIDS-DLBCL and DLBCL samples. However, unlike TCL1, none of these genes was preferentially associated with either AIDS-DLBCL or DLBCL. Our data suggest that the increased incidence and severity of AIDS-DLBCL compared to DLBCL is likely due to crippled immune surveillance rather than to markedly different gene expression profiles.     

Recurrent diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting initially as hemophagocytic syndrome

Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is an extremely rare and life-threatening abnormality, and the cases secondary to B cell lymphoma are rare. We report a case of relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma initially presenting with hemophagocytic syndrome. The patient developed multiple erythematous macules and progressive thrombocytopenia during the treatment, and died two weeks after admission. The HPS presented as an initial manifestation of the relapsed diffuse B-cell lymphoma and the maculea that appeared during the treatment might be a strong predictor of unfavorable outcome.     

Beclin 1 expression predicts favorable clinical outcome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP

Beclin 1 plays a critical role not only in autophagy, but also in apoptosis and differentiation. The prognostic significance of beclin 1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is largely unexplored. Immunohistochemical protein expression of beclin 1 in 118 tumor specimens from patients newly diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone regimen from 2003 to 2007 was analyzed. Beclin 1 expression was observed in 101 (85.6%) patients. Low beclin 1 expression was related to B symptoms (P = .018), advanced Ann Arbor stage (P = .009), International Prognostic Index of 2 or higher (P = .049), elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level (P = .037), and poor outcome using the revised International Prognostic Index model (P = .013). The complete remission rate after standard treatment was higher in patients with high beclin 1 expression than in those with low beclin 1 expression (77.5% versus 55.3%, P = .013). Beclin 1 expression was inversely associated with bcl-2 expression (P = .019) and positively associated with longer overall survival (P = .035) and progression-free survival (P = .013). In multivariate analysis, beclin 1 expression and the revised International Prognostic Index model independently predicted survival. The proposed clinicopathologic prognostic model including these 2 independent prognostic factors allowed classification of patients into 3 risk groups (P < .0001, respectively). Beclin 1 expression predicts superior clinical outcome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with standard treatment. The novel prognostic model which divides patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma into different risk categories may help guide treatment planning.     

Primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma shows an activated B-cell-like phenotype

The most common type of primary testicular lymphoma is diffuse large B-cell type, which has a poor prognosis relative to other extra-nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). These constitute a heterogeneous group of lymphomas with germinal center B-cell-like and activated B-cell-like subtypes. Such a distinction theoretically utilizes the immunohistochemical expression of CD10, Bcl-6, and MUM1. The purpose of this study was that we could stratify primary testicular lymphoma of diffuse large B-cell type according to this scheme, and further elucidate the reason why primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma possesses a poor clinical outcome. Seventeen Chinese patients with primary testicular DLBCL were examined by means of a 3-antibody panel (CD10, Bcl-6, MUM1). Among these 17 cases, 16 were assigned to the activated B-cell-like subtypes. One case was classified as germinal center B-cell-like type. Twelve of these 17 cases expressed high proliferative activity (≥40% Ki-67 labeling). The majority of primary testicular DLBCLs have activated B-cell-like subtype characteristics and high proliferative activity. These features might be a significant factor; moreover, they are associated with poor prognosis.     

EBV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a psoriatic treated with methotrexate

Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-LPD) is a lymphoid proliferation or lymphoma in a patient immunosuppressed with MTX, which is usually administered for treating autoimmune diseases. The majority of MTX-LPD cases develop in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and occasionally with psoriasis who had been treated with MTX. Here, we report on a 50-year-old Taiwanese male with severe psoriasis, who received high doses of MTX. The patient developed EBV-positive MTX-LPD at nodal and extranodal sites. The diffuse and polymorphic lymphoid infiltrate consisted predominantly of immunoblasts and plasmablasts expressing B-cell markers, CD138, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-LMP1, and EBNA2, and these were monotypic for kappa light chain. The tumor cells were also positive for EBV by in situ hybridization. These findings indicated a type III latency infection of EBV. The patient died of progressive disease after 19 months. A review of the previously reported cases shows that MTX-LPD, in association with psoriasis, occurs in middle-aged males. The tumors are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with immunoblastic morphology, and frequently show plasmacytic differentiation.     

miR-155、miR-34a和miR-30a在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及意义

目的 分析miR-155、miR-34a和miR-30a在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-celllymphoma,DLBCL)中的表达水平,并探讨其与DLBCL临床病理特征的关系以及在DLBCL发生发展中扮演的角色.方法 应用RT-PCR方法检测46例DLBCL中miR-155、miR-34a及miR-30a的表达水平,用间期荧光原位杂交技术分析患者MYC和p53基因的异常情况,用免疫组织化学技术(Envision法)对DLBCL进行CD3、CD10、CD20、BCL-6、MUM-1标记.根据Hans的分类方法分为生发中心B细胞型(GCB型)和非生发中心B细胞型(non-GCB型).结果 与正常对照组相比,miR-155在DLBCL中显著高表达.miR-155在non-GCB型的表达明显高于GCB型.miR-155在MYC基因重排组表达降低.miR-34a在p53基因丢失组的表达较p53基因正常组显著降低.与BCL-6蛋白阴性表达组相比,miR-30a在BCL-6蛋白阳性组明显低表达.结论 miR-155在正常人群与DLBCL以及DLBCL的不同亚型之间表达不同,对DLBCL的诊断分型有一定参考价值.miR-34a对疾病预后判断有一定指导意义.miR-155、miR-34a和miR-30a可能是DLBCL潜在的治疗靶点.     

EZH2 expression is dependent on MYC and TP53 regulation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

EZH2 is an important epigenetic regulator, but its role in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) pathogenesis and its relationship with MYC, BCL2, and TP53 expression, chromosomal rearrangements, and clinical features are still poorly understood. So, we investigated EZH2 expression and its associations with the immunophenotypic presentations, including MYC, BCL2, and TP53 expression, MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 translocation status, clinicopathological features, and therapeutic response to R-CHOP in a series of 139 DLBCL cases. EZH2 positivity was associated with MYC and TP53 expression (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0000, respectively) and to high proliferative index (Ki67>70%, p = 0.0082). No associations were found among EZH2 expression and chromosomal translocation status. The non-germinal center (nGC) DLBCL presented most of associations observed in the general sample; however, only TP53 immunodetection showed associations with EZH2 expression in the germinal center (GC) DLBCL. EZH2 expression had no impact on therapeutic efficacy in R-CHOP-treated patients. In conclusion, EZH2 seems to be upregulated by MYC, to rely on TP53 alterations, and is associated with high proliferative tumors in DLBCL, which might be dependent on GC or nGC subclassifications. Furthermore, it is not a therapeutic efficacy marker to R-CHOP in our series.     

Fluorescent nanoparticle-mediated semiquantitative MYC protein expression analysis in morphologically diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification defines a new disease entity of high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements, making fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) screening for these genes mandatory. In addition, the prognostic significance of MYC expression was reported, with a cut-off value of 40%. However, interobserver discrepancies arise due to the heterogeneous intensity of MYC expression by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, a cut-off value of positivity for MYC protein in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) varies among studies at present. Here, we applied a high-sensitivity semiquantitative immunohistochemical technique using fluorescent nanoparticles called phosphor-integrated dots (PID) to evaluate the MYC expression in 50 de novo DLBCL cases, and compared it with the conventional diaminobenzidine (DAB)-developing system. The high MYC expression detected by the PID-mediated system predicted poor overall survival in DLBCL patients. However, we found no prognostic value of MYC protein expression for any cut-off value by the DAB-developing system, even if the intensity was considered. These results indicate that the precise evaluation of MYC protein expression can clarify the prognostic values in DLBCL, irrespective of MYC rearrangement.     

microRNA-21在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及意义

目的研究miR-21在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)中的表达,探讨miR-21表达与DL-BCL临床病理特征的关系及其在DLBCL发生发展中的意义。方法采用Real-time RT-PCR方法检测36例DLBCL和10例正常淋巴结中miR-21的表达,并采用免疫组织化学SP法检测Ki-67、PTEN在DLBCL中的表达。结果miR-21在DLBCL中高表达,36例DLBCL中有14例表达PTEN(38.9%),21例Ki-67≥50%(58.3%)。DLBCL中miR-21表达水平与PTEN蛋白表达呈负相关,其高表达与DLBCL高Ann Arbor分期、高增殖指数(Ki-67≥50%)、国际预后指数(IPI)呈正相关。结论miR-21过表达可能是DLBCL恶性度高的标志,是促进DLBCL肿瘤细胞增殖的重要因素。PTEN可能是miR-21在DLBCL发挥作用的靶标。     

Expression of transmembrane adaptor protein PAG/Cbp in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: immunohistochemical study of 73 cases

PAG/Cbp is a transmembrane adaptor protein involved in proximal immune signaling. It is expressed in reactive germinal centers (GC) of secondary lymphatic follicles and related malignant lymphomas. We studied PAG/Cbp expression in GC-like and non-GC-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtypes. Seventy-three cases of DLBCL identified among 155 malignant lymphomas were classified as GC-like DLBCL (CD10+ or CD10-, bcl-6+, and MUM1-) and non-GC-like DLBCL (CD10-, MUM1+ or CD10-, bcl-6+, MUM1+). PAG/Cbp was detected by monoclonal antibody MEM-255 following routine immunohistochemical procedures. Thirty-five of 40 GC-like DLBCLs (88%) and 20 of 33 non-GC-like DLBCL cases (61%) expressed PAG/Cbp. Four of 12 bcl-6-negative non-GC-like DLBCL cases (33%) were PAG/Cbp positive, and only 4 of 20 bcl-6-positive non-GC-like DLBCL cases (25%) were PAG/CBP negative. All 37 FL and all 5 Burkitt's lymphomas (BL) expressed PAG/Cbp, whereas all 6 mantle cell lymphomas (MCL) and 4 of 5 chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLL/SLL) were PAG/Cbp negative. PAG/Cbp is a reliable GC marker. Its expression correlates with GC-like DLBC phenotype in a significant majority of cases. It is typically absent in MCL and SLL/CLL.     

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤免疫分型与分子遗传学异常的研究

目的 分析弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)的免疫表型分型和分子遗传学异常,并探讨二者之间的相关性及其对于预后的意义.方法 用免疫组织化学链霉亲和素-过氧化物酶法检测59例DLBCL患者中CD10、BCL6、MUM1的表达,采用Hans免疫分型法将DLBCL分为生发中心B细胞(germinal center B-cell,GCB)型和非GCB型;分别应用BCL6双色断裂点分离探针、IgH/BCL2双色双融合探针及MYC双色断裂点分离探针在石蜡包埋的淋巴瘤组织切片上进行荧光原位杂交分析,检测BCL6、BCL2和MYC基因的易位和扩增情况.结果 在59例DLBCL患者中,GCB型占28.8％(17/59),非GCB型占71.2％ (42/59).BCL6、BCL2和MYC基因易位的发生率分别为24.1％(14/58)、1.7％(1/59)和5.3％(3/57),BCL6、BCL2和MYC基因扩增的发生率分别为17.2％ (10/58)、22.0％(13/59)和21.1％(12/57).BCL6扩增与BCL6易位无相关性(P=0.424),但与BCL2及MYC扩增呈正相关(列联系数C值分别为0.405和0.403,P值均＜0.01).在GCB型中BCL6易位的发生率高于非GCB型,而BCL6、BCL2或MYC扩增更常见于非GCB型,差异接近但均无统计学意义(P值分别为0.089和0.106).在单因素分析中,免疫分型和国际预后指数积分对总生存率(overall survival,OS)均有显著影响(P值分别为0.047和0.001),而BCL6易位和3基因扩增对OS率均无明显影响(P值分别为0.150和0.444);在多因素分析中,国际预后指数积分是影响OS唯一的独立预后因素(RR=3.843,P=0.017).结论 本组DLBCL患者中GCB亚型较少见,常见的遗传学异常为BCL6易位和BCL6、BCL2及MYC扩增,且3基因扩增之间密切相关,而BCL2易位的发生率低.免疫表型分型对预后的预测意义较小,遗传学异常不能用于预测DLBCL患者的预后.     

SNS-032诱导弥漫性大B淋巴瘤OCI-LY-19细胞株凋亡及其作用机制的研究

 目的： 研究SNS-032对弥漫性大B淋巴瘤细胞株OCI-LY-19凋亡的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法：应用MTS法观察不同浓度的SNS-032对OCI-LY-19细胞活力的影响;用PI单染法观察SNS-032对OCI-LY-19细胞诱导死亡的影响;Annexin V/PI双染流式细胞术分析不同浓度SNS-032对OCI-LY-19细胞凋亡的影响;Western blotting检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白和细胞增殖相关蛋白的表达情况。结果：SNS-032明显抑制OCI-LY-19细胞活力,半数抑制浓度为0.358 μmol/L;随SNS-032作用时间延长与浓度升高,凋亡细胞数逐渐增多;SNS-032可以时间与剂量依赖性地引起凋亡相关蛋白聚腺苷二磷酸-核糖聚合酶(PARP)的切割,caspase-3前体(procaspase-3)、caspase-9前体(procaspase-9)、X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)与髓样细胞白血病1(Mcl-1)的表达下降,而cleaved caspase-3和cleaved caspase-9表达明显增加;与细胞增殖相关的蛋白丝/苏氨酸激酶(Akt)、磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)、信号转导子及转录激活子5 (STAT5)、磷酸化STAT5（p-STAT5）、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)和磷酸化ERK(p-ERK)表达下降,而ERK总蛋白无明显变化。结论：SNS-032能抑制弥漫性大B淋巴瘤细胞株OCI-LY-19的生长,诱导其凋亡,可能的机制是抑制了相关抗凋亡蛋白的表达,激活了caspase级联反应,同时抑制了与细胞增殖相关的JAKs/STATs、MEK/ERK和PI3K-Akt信号转导通路的表达与活化。     

乙肝病毒感染与弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤关联研究

目的 探讨弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)发病与乙肝病毒(HBV)感染的相关性,以及合并HBV感染DLBCL患者的临床和病理学特征.方法 采用多中心、以医院为基础的1∶4病例对照研究,收集初治DLBCL患者410例,选择同期性别、年龄相匹配的1640例健康体检者为对照组.采用ELISA法检测研究对象的乙肝五项,比较组间阳性率的差异,并分析HBV感染组与未感染组DLBCL患者的临床及病理学异同.结果 DLBCL患者HBsAg阳性率明显高于对照组(12.68％ vs4.57％,P＜0.01),OR值为3.03(2.09-4.40);抗-HBc阳性率也明显高于对照组(51.22％ vs38.48％,P＜0.01),OR值为1.68(1.35-2.09).DLBCL患者中,HBV慢性和既往感染者＜45岁年龄所占比例明显多于未感染组(P＜0.01),HBV慢性感染者的肝功受损比例较高(P＜0.01),而且HBV慢性和既往感染者在肿瘤细胞起源上与未感染者存在明显差异(P＜0.01),常见累及部位为淋巴结和脾脏.结论 HBV可能是DLBCL发病的危险因素之一;HBV感染的DLBCL患者肿瘤细胞起源以生发中心型多见;化疗时需要密切监测其HBV血清学和肝功变化.     

原发心脏弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤5例临床病理分析

目的 探讨原发心脏弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)的临床病理特点、诊断、治疗及预后.方法 回顾性分析5例原发心脏DLBCL的临床病理资料,分别行HE染色、免疫组化EnVision两步法染色,应用原位杂交以及荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ...     

Composite T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: case report

This report concerns a unique case of a composite lymphoma composed of T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-LBL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in a 72-year-old woman with generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and ascites. Laboratory findings showed increased lactate dehydrogenase and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. The biopsy specimen showed replacement of the normal architecture of the lymph nodes by a tumor containing a dual cell population composed of large lymphocytes and medium-sized lymphocytes. Sheets of large lymphocytes often were punctuated by clusters of medium-sized lymphocytes. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analysis showed a composite lymphoma with both T-LBL and DLBCL. The T-LBL expressed CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD8, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. The DLBCL expressed CD19 and CD20, CD23, bcl-2, bcl-6, MUM1 and immunoglobulin κ light chain. Polymerase chain reaction detected a monoclonal pattern of T-cell receptor γ and immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangements in the same specimen. She received eight cycles of R-CHOP (rituximab+cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) therapy and achieved complete remission. She has shown no signs of recurrence 20 months after the diagnosis. We describe here a very unusual and, to the best of our knowledge, an as yet never reported case of a primary composite lymphoma of T-LBL and DLBCL.