胆囊疾病患者胆囊组织中血管活性肠肽受体mRNA的表达研究

目的检测胆囊结石、胆囊息肉患者胆囊组织中血管活性肠肽受体1（VIP1R）及受体2（VIP2R）mRNA表达的改变,并与正常胆囊组织对照.方法采用RT-PCR技术检测25例胆囊结石、8例胆囊息肉及7例肝移植供体胆囊组织中血管活性肠肽受体1（VIP1R）及血管活性肠肽受体2（VIP2R）mRNA的表达.结果与正常对照组相比,胆囊结石组及胆囊息肉组血管活性肠肽受体2（VIP2R）mRNA的表达明显升高（其中胆囊息肉组t=2.242,P＜0.05;胆囊结石组t=2.263,P＜0.05）,而血管活性肠肽受体1（VIP1R）mRNA表达无明显变化.结论血管活性肠肽受体2（VIP2R）mRNA的异常表达在胆囊结石及胆囊息肉的形成过程中有一定作用.     

血管活性肠肽及其受体与胆囊胆固醇结石患者胆囊排空的相关研究

目的　探索胆囊胆固醇结石患者胆囊排空与血浆和胆汁血管活性肠肽 (VIP)的浓度及其胆囊壁VIP受体 (VIP R)表达的关系以及在胆囊结石形成中的意义。方法　采用B超测定胆囊排空功能 ,同时抽空腹静脉血及胆囊结石手术病人胆汁放免测定VIP浓度 ,免疫组化测定VIP R的表达。结果　胆囊结石病人胆囊排空障碍 ;血浆VIP浓度正常人为 ( 8.2 8± 0 .98)ng/L ,胆囊结石病人为 ( 15 .64± 2 .5 1)ng/L ,显著升高 ( P <0 .0 1) ;胆汁VIP高于血浆VIP ;空腹容积越大 ,血浆VIP(P <0 .0 5 )和胆汁VIP(P <0 .0 1)浓度越高 ,VIP R表达越强。结论　胆囊排空功能在胆囊结石形成中起重要作用 ,胆囊结石病人胆囊排空障碍与VIP明显相关 ,空腹容积与VIP及其受体明显正相关     

胆囊幽门螺杆菌感染与胆囊壁胆囊收缩素受体mRNA表达的关系

目的探讨胆囊幽门螺杆(Hp)菌感染与胆囊壁胆囊收缩素(CCK-A)受体mRNA表达的关系。方法采用对照研究方法对35例单纯胆囊结石患者(实验组)及25例单纯胆囊息肉样病变患者(对照组)的胆囊排空功能进行检测,用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法检测两组患者的胆汁Hp细胞毒素相关基因抗原(cagA),用逆转录(RT)-PCR方法检测两组患者胆囊壁CCK-A受体mRNA的表达。结果实验组空腹胆囊体积、胆囊排空率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3．694,t=3．484,P＜0．05)；实验组胆囊壁CCK-A受体mRNA的相对表达量(1．2±0．3)%低于对照组(13．6±5．7)%,差异有统计学意义(t=4．39,P＜0．05),并且,胆囊壁CCK-A受体mRNA表达的变化与胆囊排空率呈显著正相关(r=0．874,P＜0．05)；实验组胆汁标本中Hp cagA基因7例阳性(20．0%,7/35),对照组胆汁标本均阴性。两组胆汁Hp cagA检出率差异有统计学意义(x~2=3．886,P＜0．05),且胆汁Hp cagA基因检出与胆囊壁CCK-A受体mRNA的表达量相关,差异有统计学意义(X~2=3．886,P＜0．05)。结论胆囊结石患者中胆囊壁CCK-A受体基因表达下调,基因表达量的降低与胆囊排空功能障碍有关,胆囊Hp感染可能参与了这一病理生理过程。     

雌性激素及脂质代谢异常在胆囊结石发病中的作用

目的 探讨雌性激素及脂质代谢异常在胆囊结石发病中的作用.方法 测定比较胆囊结石及胆囊息肉患者血清雌激素(E2)和孕激素(P)水平,血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和载脂蛋白A(APoA1)水平.采用免疫组化检测胆囊组织中雌激素受体(ER)及孕激素受体(PR)的表达.结果 胆囊结石患者血清E2和P水平明显高于胆囊息肉患者,胆囊结石组血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平高于胆囊息肉组,而HDL-C和APOA1水平在两组间差异无统计学意义.胆囊结石患者胆囊组织中ER及PR的阳性率明显高于胆囊息肉组.结论 E2和P通过作用于相应受体.使调控胆囊肌肉收缩的信号分子表达降低,导致胆囊收缩运动受损,胆囊胆汁淤积,同时雌激素可通过对肝脏脂质代谢的影响,使胆汁中胆固醇的饱和度增加,胆汁成石指数提高,可能在促进胆囊结石的形成中具有重要作用.     

胆囊结石病肝气郁结证与CCKAR和VIPR基因表达的相关性研究

目的:探讨血管活性肠肽受体基因表达在胆囊结石病肝气郁结证形成中的作用.方法:术中取出胆囊结石病人胆囊体相同部位肌层组织,无菌生理盐水反复冲洗后,RT-PCR法检测胆囊组织中VIPR mRNA的表达.结果:与非肝气郁结证组相比,肝气郁结证组病人胆囊组织中VIP受体基因的表达显著增高(P＜0.001).结论:胆囊结石病肝气郁结证的形成可能与胆囊组织中VIPRmRNA表达的增高有一定的关系.     

黏蛋白和表皮生长因子受体在病变胆囊组织中的表达及意义

探讨黏蛋白(MUC)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)在胆囊结石和胆囊息肉患者胆囊组织中的表达及意义。选取2015年2月—2017年12月收治的胆囊结石患者56例(胆囊结石组),胆囊息肉患者40例(胆囊息肉组),同时选取正常胆囊标本50例作为对照组,采用半定量PCR检测各组胆囊组织MUC和EGFR mRNA的相对表达。胆囊结石组MUC1、MUC2、MUC5AC和MUC5B mRNA相对表达量分别为80.02±12.03、70.27±11.37、110.02±23.29和167.20±22.11,明显高于胆囊息肉组和对照组(P0.05);胆囊结石组MUC3 mRNA相对表达为20.04±9.11,明显低于胆囊息肉组(P0.05),而与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);胆囊结石组MUC6 mRNA相对表达为60.04±17.17,明显高于对照组(P0.05),而与胆囊息肉组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);胆囊结石组EGFR mRNA相对表达为48.10±11.26,明显高于胆囊息肉组和对照组(P0.05);胆囊结石患者EGFR mRNA与MUC5AC mRNA相对表达呈正相关(r=0.562,P0.05),与MUC1、MUC2、MUC3、MUC5B和MUC6 mRNA相对表达无相关性(P0.05)。MUC和EGFR基因可能与胆囊结石的发生有一定关系,其中MUC5AC与EGFR存在一定的相关性。     

抑制性胃肠肽在胆囊结石形成中的作用

目的 探讨体内生长抑素(SS)和血管活性肠肽(VIP)在胆囊结石形成中的作用。方法 采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)和受体放射配基结合分析法(RBA)分别测定豚鼠体内门静脉血浆、胆囊壁组织、胆汁中的SS、VIP和胆囊壁上VIP受体(VIP-R)。与对照组比较，观察在诱发豚鼠胆囊结石实验的第2、6、8周后胆囊空腹体积(FV)、胆囊空腹胆汁量(FB)、胆汁成份及上述胃肠肽的变化。结果 实验2周后FV增大，6周和8周后FB亦增大，胆汁发生致石性改变。在整个实验过程，豚鼠体内的SS均增高，胆汁中的VIP和胆囊壁上的VIP-R最大结石含量(Bmax)值增大。结论 体内SS和VIP等抑制性胃肠肽调节紊乱、诱发胆道生理功能失常，是胆囊结石形成的重要原因。     

胆囊动力学变化对胆囊结石形成的作用

目的 探讨胆囊动力学变化对胆囊结石形成的作用.方法 收集2007年8月至12月武警安徽省总队医院行LC患者的临床资料.根据胆囊结石中胆固醇的含量,将39例胆囊结石患者分为胆色素结石组(13例)、胆固醇结石组(13例)和混合性结石组(13例),分别检测胆囊收缩功能,胆囊壁缩胆囊素受体含量及活性,并将胆囊无结石、炎症的正常者设为对照组(13例).结果 (1)胆囊排空率、胆囊壁缩胆囊索受体含量及活性:胆色素结石组>混合性结石组>胆固醇结石组.(2)胆囊壁缩胆囊素受体含量及活性与胆囊排空率呈正相关(r=0.969,0.938,P<0.01);与结石中胆固醇含量呈负相关(r=-0.949,-0.979,-0.987,P<0.01).结论 胆囊结石中胆固醇含量与胆囊动力、缩胆囊素受体关系密切,可能是胆固醇通过影响缩胆囊素而降低了胆囊动力,促进了胆固醇结石的形成.     

胆囊动力学变化对胆囊结石形成的作用

目的 探讨胆囊动力学变化对胆囊结石形成的作用.方法 收集2007年8月至12月武警安徽省总队医院行LC患者的临床资料.根据胆囊结石中胆固醇的含量,将39例胆囊结石患者分为胆色素结石组(13例)、胆固醇结石组(13例)和混合性结石组(13例),分别检测胆囊收缩功能,胆囊壁缩胆囊素受体含量及活性,并将胆囊无结石、炎症的正常者设为对照组(13例).结果 (1)胆囊排空率、胆囊壁缩胆囊索受体含量及活性:胆色素结石组>混合性结石组>胆固醇结石组.(2)胆囊壁缩胆囊素受体含量及活性与胆囊排空率呈正相关(r=0.969,0.938,P<0.01);与结石中胆固醇含量呈负相关(r=-0.949,-0.979,-0.987,P<0.01).结论 胆囊结石中胆固醇含量与胆囊动力、缩胆囊素受体关系密切,可能是胆固醇通过影响缩胆囊素而降低了胆囊动力,促进了胆固醇结石的形成.     

胆囊动力学变化对胆囊结石形成的作用

目的 探讨胆囊动力学变化对胆囊结石形成的作用.方法 收集2007年8月至12月武警安徽省总队医院行LC患者的临床资料.根据胆囊结石中胆固醇的含量,将39例胆囊结石患者分为胆色素结石组(13例)、胆固醇结石组(13例)和混合性结石组(13例),分别检测胆囊收缩功能,胆囊壁缩胆囊素受体含量及活性,并将胆囊无结石、炎症的正常者设为对照组(13例).结果 (1)胆囊排空率、胆囊壁缩胆囊索受体含量及活性:胆色素结石组>混合性结石组>胆固醇结石组.(2)胆囊壁缩胆囊素受体含量及活性与胆囊排空率呈正相关(r=0.969,0.938,P<0.01);与结石中胆固醇含量呈负相关(r=-0.949,-0.979,-0.987,P<0.01).结论 胆囊结石中胆固醇含量与胆囊动力、缩胆囊素受体关系密切,可能是胆固醇通过影响缩胆囊素而降低了胆囊动力,促进了胆固醇结石的形成.     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI及病理表现

目的探讨肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌的CT、MRI和病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤和2例肝内胆管囊腺癌的影像及临床病理资料，将病变的影像表现与其病理大体形态及组织学表现作对照分析。结果6例肝内胆管囊腺瘤，女4例、男2例；2例肝内胆管囊腺癌均为女性病人；8例病人平均年龄55岁。所有病灶均表现为多房囊性肿块，肿瘤囊腔各分房内常为多种液体成分，在CT上可表现为不同密度、在MRI上可表现为不同信号强度。囊内出现多发大小不等的壁结节在胆管囊腺癌内更常见，囊内有分隔但无壁结节只见于胆管囊腺瘤。在7例CT扫描中，4例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌可见囊壁或分隔上钙化，囊壁、囊内分隔及囊内结节均为轻、中度延迟增强。肿瘤中出现卵巢样间质见于3例胆管囊腺瘤和1例胆管囊腺癌，且均为女性病人。结论肝内胆管囊腺瘤和囊腺癌是肝脏不常见的囊性肿瘤，影像上多房、囊内有分隔且各分房囊内密度或信号不一致，高度提示肝内胆管囊腺瘤或囊腺癌的诊断，如囊内伴有多发大小不等的结节，则进一步提示囊腺癌的可能。但影像学表现不能区分肿瘤中有无卵巢样间质。