Survivin蛋白在人脑星形细胞瘤组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨凋亡抑制Survivin蛋白在人脑星形细胞瘤组织中的表达及其与脑星形细胞瘤发生、发展的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学Elivision二步法检测67例脑星形细胞瘤组织和10例对照组组织标本中Survivin蛋白的表达水平。结果对照组阳性表达率明显低于脑星形细胞瘤Ⅰ～Ⅳ级组（P〈0．01）。高分化组（脑星形细胞瘤Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组）阳性表达率为24．24％，明显低于低分化组（脑星形细胞瘤Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组）的70．59％（P〈0．01）。相关性分析结果显示，肿瘤分化高低与Survivin蛋白的表达强度呈正相关（r=0．437，P〈0．01）。结论Survivin蛋白在脑星形细胞瘤组织中呈高表达；且随脑星形细胞瘤病理级别的增高，阳性表达率和表达强度增强。Survivin蛋白在脑星形细胞瘤发生、发展过程中具有重要作用。     

血管生成素-2 及血管内皮细胞因子在星形细胞瘤中表达情况及其相关性研究简

目的 研究血管生成素-2 （Ang-2）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在人脑星形细胞瘤中的表达及其与星形细胞瘤恶性程度之间的相关性.方法 采用免疫组化方法检测60例人脑星形细胞瘤和12例健康脑组织中Ang-2及VEGF蛋白的表达.实验数据采用SPSS 10.0软件行x2检验、Spearman等级相关分析,分析它们的表达情况和相关性.结果 60例星形细胞瘤组织中有39例（65.00％）出现Ang-2蛋白阳性表达,35例（58.33％）出现VEGF蛋白阳性表达;其阳性表达率均高于健康脑组织（16.67％、16.67％）,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,随着星形细胞病理分级的提高,Ang-2及VEGF蛋白阳性表达率也逐渐增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.Ang-2与VEGF的表达呈正相关（r=0.8649,P＜0.05）.结论 Ang-2和VEGF的表达与星形细胞瘤恶性程度密切相关,且在星形细胞瘤的发生、发展过程中起重要作用.     

人脑星形细胞瘤中VEGF和NET-1蛋白的表达及其与瘤内血管生长、肿瘤分级的相关性

目的研究NET-1蛋白、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在脑星形细胞瘤中的表达及其与肿瘤血管的临床病理特征的相关性。方法采用免疫组织化学技术检测脑星形细胞瘤活检标本中NET-1和VEGF的表达,单因素分析与肿瘤中微血管密度（MVD）的相关性,Spearman分析指标之间的相关性。结果 NET-1和VEGF在人脑星形细胞瘤表达的阳性率分别为63.33%（38/60）、58.33%（35/60）,两者在肿瘤病变低级别组与高级别组间的表达差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）;MVD均数在NET-1和VEGF不同表达强度的组间差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论 NET-1和VEGF在人脑星形细胞瘤的高级别肿瘤中的表达显著高于低级别肿瘤,并与肿瘤中的MVD成显著相关性,因此对脑星形细胞瘤的分级具有潜在的诊断价值。     

PTEN蛋白在人脑星形细胞瘤中的表达及意义

目的：探讨PTEN蛋白在不同分化程度的星形细胞瘤组织中的表达。方法：应用S-P免疫组化技术检测46例星形细胞瘤中PTEN蛋白的表达。结果：人脑星形细胞瘤组织中PTEN蛋白的阳性表达率为63．4％，星形细胞瘤组织中PTEN蛋白的阳性表达低分化（Ⅲ～Ⅳ级）显著低于高分化（Ⅰ～Ⅱ级）（P〈0．01）；病理分级与PTEN蛋白的阳性表达呈负相关（r=-0．612．P〈0．01）。结论：PTEN基因突变、缺失与脑星形细胞瘤的分化程度及演进密切相关。     

星形细胞瘤中FHIT、PCNA蛋白表达及意义

目的研究人脑星形细胞瘤中FHIT、PCNA蛋白的差异表达，探讨它们之间、它们与病理分级及复发之间的关系。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测了50例星形细胞瘤中不同级别的FHIT、、PCNA蛋白的表达水平，以10例非肿瘤脑组织作对照。结果非肿瘤脑组织FHIT、PCNA蛋白阳性表达率分别为100％、0，星形细胞瘤中FHIT、PCNA蛋白阳性表达率分别为40％、86％；尽管在星形细胞瘤中FHIT、PCNA蛋白表达总体差异有显著性（P〈0．05），Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级与Ⅳ级间比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05），但Ⅲ级与Ⅳ级比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；经统计学分析FHIT、PCNA蛋白呈皿著负相关（P〈0．01）；8例复发病例中复发前后FHIT、PCNA蛋白表达差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论星形细胞瘤中FHIT、PCNA蛋白表达之间的显著负相关，提示FHIT、蛋白可能对细胞增殖具有负性调控作用。FHIT、PCNA蛋白的表达水平可能与星形细胞瘤的病理分级和复发有关，推测FHIT、PCNA蛋白的表达可能与星形细胞瘤的肿瘤侵袭性相关。     

VEGF和COX-2蛋白在脑星形细胞瘤表达的研究

目的 :检测VEGF和COX 2蛋白在脑星形细胞瘤中的表达 ,分析其表达变化与不同病理类型肿瘤的相关性。方法 :选用 5 4例Ⅰ～Ⅳ级星形细胞瘤手术后存档蜡块标本为实验标本 ;应用流式细胞术分别定量检测不同病理类型肿瘤组织中VEGF和COX 2蛋白表达量。结果 :VEGF和COX 2蛋白在星形细胞瘤组织中的表达量 (FI值 )显著增加 ,其表达强度与病理组织学分级显著相关 (P <0 .0 1 )。COX 2蛋白FI值与VEGF蛋白FI值呈显著正相关 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :VEGF和COX 2蛋白过度表达在星形细胞瘤形成和演化过程中起重要作用。COX 2蛋白通过诱导VEGF的表达参与肿瘤血管生成。     

脑星形细胞瘤中血管内皮生长因子表达与肿瘤血管形成的关系

目的 研究脑星形细胞肿瘤中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白的表达及其与微血管密度(MVD)间的相关性。方法 采用免疫组织化学S—P法检测60例脑星形细胞肿瘤中VEGF蛋白的表达，计数肿瘤MVD，分析其意义及两者间的相关性。结果 VEGF总阳性率为63．3％(36／60例)，其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级星形细胞瘤中VEGF阳性率分别为42．1％(8/19例)、71．4％(20／28例)、76．9％(10／13例)。间变性星形细胞瘤和多形性胶质母细胞瘤明显高于弥漫性星形细胞瘤(P＜0．05)；在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级肿瘤各级别间MVD的差异有显著性(P＜0．05)，而且肿瘤从低度恶性向高度恶性转变过程中，微血管形态由窦状扩张为主变为以芽状和细索状为主，而球状血管丛仅出现在胶质母细胞瘤中。VEGF表达与肿瘤MVD呈正相关(P＜0．05)。结论 联合检测VEGF、MVD可作为判断脑星形细胞瘤恶性潜能的重要生物学指标，同时对了解肿瘤血管形成机制有一定意义。     

血管内皮生长因子在脑星形细胞瘤中的表达及其临床意义

脑星形细胞瘤往往伴有血管增生,血管增生程度与其预后密切相关。血管内皮生长因子（ｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｅｎ－ｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＶＥＧＦ）被认为是促内皮细胞有丝分裂和血管增生的重要血管生长因子之一。为探索ＶＥＧＦ蛋白表达与星形细胞瘤病理分级和临床预后的关系,采用免疫组织化学方法,结合临床随访,对１０７例脑星形细胞瘤瘤组织和２５例正常脑组织中ＶＥＧＦ蛋白表达水平进行定性和定量检测分析。结果显示：①正常脑组织ＶＥＧＦ表达极低,星形细胞瘤瘤组织ＶＥＧＦ表达明显增高（Ｐ＜０．００５）;②脑星形细胞瘤ＶＥＧＦ表达随其病理分级增加而增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）;③星形细胞瘤ＶＥＧＦ表达愈高的病人,其临床６月、１年、２年存活率愈低。因而,ＶＥＧＦ表达与脑星形细胞瘤病理分级和临床预后密切相关。ＶＥＧＦ表达水平的检测可能对判断脑星形细胞瘤病理分级及预后有重要的临床应用价值     

HIF—lα和VEGF在大肠癌组织中的表达及意义

目的：探讨缺氧诱导因子-lα（HIF—let）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在大肠癌组织中的表达及其与大肠癌临床病理特征的关系。方法：免疫组化法检测61例大肠癌组织中HIF-lα及VEGF蛋白表达，并与15例正常大肠组织比较。结果：大肠癌组织中HIF-lα和VEGF的阳性表达率分别为54．10％（33／61）和62．30％（38／61），均明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）；两者呈正相关（r=0．505，P〈0．05）；Dukes分期中的表达存在显著差异（P〈0．05）；组织学分级中的表达则无差异性（P〉0．05）。结论：HIF-lα及VEGF在肿瘤血管生成和转移中起重要作用，联合检测HIF-lα和VEGF可作为判断大肠癌转移潜能和预后的重要指标。     

脑膜瘤中iNOS的表达与意义

目的：探讨诱导型一氧化氮合成酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）在脑膜瘤中的表达和临床意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学SABC方法检测47例脑膜瘤和10例正常脑膜组织中诱导型一氧化氮合成酶的表达并分析其相关性。结果：①正常脑膜中无iNOS,明显低于肿瘤组织,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。②脑膜瘤组织中,iNOS阳性表达率为68．09％;iNOS的表达与患者的年龄、性别和肿瘤部位、大小、形状无关（P〉0．05）,各级脑膜瘤组织均有iNOS蛋白阳性表达,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级中分别随病理分级和瘤周水肿分级升高逐渐增高,不同级别脑膜瘤各组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：脑膜瘤组织中iNOS的表达与脑膜瘤血管生成和临床病理密切相关,iNOS可作为预测脑膜瘤生物学行为的一项重要指标。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.