乳腺癌干细胞富集与鉴定的初步研究

目的:通过从MCF-7、ZR-75-1、MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞系中培养富集及鉴定乳腺癌干细胞(breast cancer stem cell,BCSC),寻找培养与富集乳腺癌干细胞的方法。方法:贴壁培养MCF-7、ZR-75-1、MDA-MB-231细胞系,倒置显微镜观察各细胞形态;流式细胞仪分别分选收集CD44-CD24-、CD44-CD24+、CD44+CD24-及 CD44+CD24+ 细胞,其中CD44+CD24-为乳腺癌干细胞,其余三类为对照组;MTT法计数细胞,绘制MCF-7、ZR-75-1、MDA-MB-231细胞系生长曲线;MCF-7细胞系进行无血清悬浮培养1个周期,流式细胞仪检测分子表面标记物CD44+CD24-含量,贴壁培养的CD44+CD24-乳腺癌干细胞为对照组;将分选的MCF-7（CD44+CD24-）和分选的其余MCF-7细胞（非CD44+CD24-）进行干性成球实验,鉴定CD44+CD24-干性表达。结果:MCF-7、MDA-MB-231细胞系富含表面标志物CD44-CD24-的乳腺癌细胞;ZR-75-1细胞系富含分子表面标志物CD44+CD24+的乳腺癌细胞;生长曲线显示MCF-7、ZR-75-1、MDA-MB-231均呈持续增长,MDA-MB-231细胞生长较MCF-7、ZR-75-1细胞快;通过无血清悬浮培养CD44+CD24-乳腺癌干细胞由19.4%富集到88.9%;成球实验中CD44+CD24-表型细胞成球数量较分选的其余MCF-7细胞（非CD44+CD24-表型）明显增多,成球率分别为（36.5±1.7）%,（1.1±0.5）%。结论:流式细胞仪可成功分选出分子表面标志物为CD44+CD24-的乳腺癌干细胞;CD44+CD24-可能不是乳腺癌干细胞唯一的表面标志物;MDA-MB-231细胞系较MCF-7、ZR-75-1细胞系生长快;无血清悬浮培养法可简便、高效地富集乳腺癌干细胞;CD44+CD24-乳腺癌干细胞干性表达较强。     

人乳腺癌细胞RECK基因的表达及检测

目的:研究人乳腺癌细胞株RECK基因的表达,阐明RECK基因表达水平与乳腺癌细胞侵袭力的关系。方法:采用transwell法,测定HBL-100,MCF-7和MDA-MB-435S三株人乳腺(癌)细胞的体外侵袭能力,同时应用免疫细胞化学技术,Westernblotting和RT-PCR技术分别检测三株细胞株MMP-2,MMP-9和RECK基因蛋白表达水平,及RECK基因mRNA转录丰度。结果:三株细胞中,MDA-MB-435S侵袭力最高(425.20±54.09),HBL-100最低(101.00±63.88),MCF-7居中,为(239.00±91.39),三组细胞的侵袭力比较差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。RECK基因在HBL-100细胞株中蛋白表达水平最高(免疫细胞化学值:3188.24±894.86;Westernblotting值:3.32±0.25),在MDA-MB-435S细胞株中不表达,MCF-7为(免疫细胞化学值:1058.92±336.53,P<0.01;Westernblotting值:2.23±0.59,P<0.05)。且在免疫细胞化学中,RECK基因的蛋白表达与MMP-2,MMP-9的表达水平成负相关。RECK基因在HBL-100细胞株中mRNA水平最高(2.32±0.02),在MDA-MB-435S细胞株中不表达(P<0.001)。结论:RECK基因表达水平与乳腺癌细胞体外侵袭力及MMP-2,MMP-9的表达水平成明显负相关。     

沉默CD44表达对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231增殖与侵袭的影响

目的:探索乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231及MCF-7中CD44分子的表达水平差异及沉默CD44对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响。方法:利用qRT-PCR及Western blot技术检测细胞中CD44基因表达水平;设计并合成CD44的siRNA片段(CD44-siRNA)转染乳腺癌细胞,利用qRT-PCR、Western blot技术检测细胞中CD44基因表达水平的变化;MTT检测MDA-MB-231细胞增殖;Transwell侵袭实验检测MDA-MB-231细胞的迁移与侵袭能力变化。结果:CD44在侵袭性乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231中的表达高于非侵袭性乳腺癌细胞MCF-7,CD44-siRNA下调了 MDA-MB-231细胞中CD44 mRNA与蛋白水平的表达,并抑制了细胞的增殖和侵袭转移能力。结论:CD44-siRNA能够下调CD44的表达,并有效抑制乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231的增殖及其侵袭迁移力。     

RSK4与TRAF4在不同乳腺细胞中的表达及分子作用通路研究

目的 研究抑癌基因p90核糖体S6蛋白激酶4（p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase4,RSK4）相互作用蛋白与肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子4（tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 4 ,TRAF4）在不同乳腺细胞株中的表达,探讨RSK4-TRAF4相互作用蛋白所在分子作用通路对乳腺癌侵袭转移的影响。方法 采用实时荧光定量PCR 法检测 RSK4和TRAF4在 HBL-100正常乳腺细胞株和MCF-7、Her-2阳性型、MDA-MB-231人乳腺癌细胞株中的表达情况。用蛋白质免疫印迹法（Western-blot）检测RSK4和TRAF4以及MAPK通路下游蛋白ERK1/2在HBL-100、MCF-7、Her-2阳性型、MDA-MB-231 4种乳腺细胞株中的表达。结果 RSK4 mRNA 、TRAF4 mRNA 在4种细胞中均表达,RSK4 mRNA在HBL-100表达量最高,在MCF-7、Her-2阳性型、MDA-MB-231 细胞中含量依次降低;TRAF4 mRNA在4种细胞中的表达量由低到高依次为HBL-100、MCF-7、Her-2阳性型、MDA-MB-231 细胞,RSK4 mRNA 、TRAF4 mRNA 在4种细胞中两两比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。RSK4与TRAF4在4种细胞中蛋白表达水平与mRNA表达水平相一致,具有高度相关性（r_RSK4=0.92,P< 0.01;r_TRAF4=0.82,P< 0.01）;ERK1/2蛋白表达量由高到低依次为MDA-MB-231、Her-2阳性型、MCF-7、HBL-100。在mRNA转录水平,RSK4和TRAF4 表现出负相关（r₁=-0.81,P< 0.01）;在蛋白翻译水平,RSK4和TRAF4 同样呈现出高度负相关（r₂=-0.84,P< 0.01）。结论 RSK4和TRAF4具有较高的负相关性,RSK4与TRAF4相互作用后可能通过MAPKs下游信号通路ERK起分子调控作用。     

黑色素瘤抗原基因A1在乳腺癌组织和四株乳腺癌细胞株中的表达

目的研究乳腺癌组织和细胞株中Mage A1基因的表达情况，为Mage A1基因编码蛋白用于乳腺癌免疫治疗提供依据。方法采用RT—PCR检删33例乳腺癌组织和4株常用乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7、Sk-Br-3，MDA-MB-435s和TM40D中Mage A1基因的表达。结果33例乳腺癌组织中12％(4／33)Mage—A1阳性，细胞株MCF-7和Sk-Br-3中Mage-A1阳性表达，MDA-MB-435s和TM40D中Mage A1基因的表达阴性。结论不同的乳腺癌细胞表达Mage A1基因有差别，Mage A1蛋白可望成为乳腺癌免疫治疗的靶抗原。     

肝细胞癌患者外周血性激素受体和糖皮质激素受体的含量

动物实验证实协同刺激分子CD80(B7-1)是促进抗肿瘤免疫应答的重要分子.本文应用RT-PCR,FACS技术检测了人肿瘤细胞系及EBV转化的B细胞CD80的表达,结果表明除Raji细胞、EBV转化的B细胞CD80阳性外,3AO、MCF-7、MDA-453、MKN-45、Hela细胞均为阴性.用我室建立的CD80逆转录病毒载体转染包装细胞PA317,筛选高滴度病毒上情感染人肿瘤细胞,得到CD80阳性表达的肿瘤细胞克隆.利用转染前后的人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-453作ICAM-I、HLA class Ⅰ、classⅡ分子表达的分析,结果表明转染有CD80基因的MDA-453细胞ICAM-Ⅰ、HLA classⅠ分子表达上调,class Ⅱ分子的表达未见改变.     

RGS5在乳腺癌组织和细胞系中的表达和定位

目的:探讨G蛋白信号转导调节蛋白5（RGS5）在人乳腺癌细胞系中的表达。方法:提取人正常乳腺上皮细胞HBL100,人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7,ZR-75-1,ZR-75-30,MDA-MB-231,HCC1937的总蛋白和总RNA,提取细胞的总蛋白和总RNA进行蛋白免疫印迹和实时定量PCR检测RGS5的表达。共聚焦激光扫描显微镜观察RGS5胞内定位;免疫组化检测RGS5在乳腺肿瘤组织中表达情况。结果:MDA-MB-231细胞系中RGS5基因表达上调,MCF7和ZR-75-1细胞系中RGS5蛋白表达提高。结论:RGS5在乳腺癌细胞的高表达可能参与其生长和转移,揭示RGS5可能是人乳腺肿瘤的治疗靶点。     

MICA基因多态性与乳腺癌细胞对NK细胞杀伤的敏感性

目的：探讨MHC-Ⅰ类链相关分子A（MHC class I chain-related molecule A,MICA）多态性与乳腺癌细胞对NK细胞杀伤敏感性的关系。方法：测序分析乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7、MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-435S和SK-BR-3 的MICA等位基因,用Western blotting 和流式细胞术检测MICA 重组表达载体转染293T 细胞（分别命名为pMCFA5.1、pMCFA4、p231A5R、p231A9 和p435A5P）MICA蛋白的表达水平,用LDH法检测NK细胞对转染MICA的293T细胞的杀伤活性,酶联免疫斑点法检测NK细胞穿孔素、颗粒酶B分泌水平。结果：MCF-7 细胞表达MICA*008/A5.1 和MICA*001/A4,MDA-MB-231 和SK-BR-3 细胞均表达MICA*019/A5 和MICA*002/A9,MDA-MB-435S 细胞表达MICA*010/A5。转染MICA 后,pMCFA5.1 组293T 细胞MICA蛋白的表达水平最低（P<0.05）,p435A5P组次之（P<0.05）,pMCFA4 组、p231A5R组和p231A9 组表达水平较高（均P<0.05）。NK细胞对转染MICA的293T细胞杀伤活性及穿孔素、颗粒酶B分泌：p435A5P组对NK细胞杀伤的敏感性最低（P<0.05）,穿孔素、颗粒酶B分泌水平最低（均P<0.05）;pMCFA5.1、pMCFA4、p231A5R和p231A9 各组之间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：MICA基因多态性与乳腺癌细胞对NK细胞杀伤的敏感性密切相关。     

Herceptin与卡铂联合应用对宫颈癌细胞的抑制及其机制

目的:研究自然杀伤(natural killer,NK)细胞表面杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(killer immunoglobulin-like recep-tor,KIR)和HLA-Cw配体不相合的异基因NK细胞对乳腺癌细胞的体外杀伤作用;分析杀伤活化受体NKG2D及其MICA配体表达水平与NK细胞对乳腺癌细胞杀伤敏感性之间的关系。方法:取10例健康人及5例乳腺癌患者外周血10ml,采用MACS系统NK细胞免疫磁珠分选试剂盒负向分选高纯度NK细胞。取乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7、MDA-MB-435s和SK-Br3)和NK细胞各1×105个,碱裂解法抽提DNA,PCR-SSP方法分别检测HLA-Cw位点、KIR位点表达。MTT法检测KIR相合与不相合组的NK细胞对乳腺癌细胞的杀伤率。流式细胞术检测NK细胞NKG2D表达水平以及RT-PCR方法检测乳腺癌细胞MICA表达。结果:MACS系统分选出的NK细胞,经流式细胞术检测,其纯度在90%以上;KIR与HLA-Cw相合组的NK细胞对乳腺癌细胞株的杀伤率明显高于不相合组,G1组和G2组NK细胞对MDA-MB-435s(G1组)杀伤率分别为(73.2±14.5)%和(34.2±7.6)%,对SK-Br3(G1组)杀伤率为(67.3±12.5)%和(36.5±7.7)%,而对MCF-7(G2组)杀伤率分别为(36.7±8.5)%和(76.5±11.7)%。结果还显示,3株乳腺癌细胞均表达MICA分子;NK细胞与MCF-7细胞共培养,可上调NK细胞表面NKG2D的表达。结论:NK细胞对乳腺癌细胞的杀伤并非由KIR的不相合机制介导;乳腺癌细胞表面表达的MICA分子可上调NK细胞表面NKG2D的表达,激发NK细胞对乳腺癌细胞的细胞毒效应。     

High Expression of the RECK Gene in Breast Cancer Cells is Related to Low Invasive Capacity

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of the RECK gene in human breast (cancer) cell lines, and to determine the relationship between RECK gene expression and the invasive capacity of the breast cancer cell lines. METHODS The invasive capacity of breast (cancer) cell lines including HBL-100, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435S were determined by the Tran-swell method. The protein expression levels of RECK, MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes in these three cell lines were measured by immunocytochemical methods. The expressions of the RECK gene and protein level were measured by RT-PCR and Western blots in the cell lines respectively. RESULTS The order of the invasive capacity of the breast (cancer) cell lines was MDA-MB-435S, being the highest, and HBL-100, being the lowest. The invasive capacity difference between any two groups among the three groups was significant (P<0.01). The protein expression level of the RECK gene in the HBL-100 cell line was highest, and no expression was detected in MDA-MB-435S cells. Moreover, the expression of the RECK gene was negatively correlated with the expression of the MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes. The mRNA level of the RECK gene in HBL-100 cells was the highest, but no expression was found in the MDA-MB-435S cells (P<0.001). CONCLUSION There was a significant negative correlation between the expression level of the RECK gene and invasive capacity in vitro, and the RECK gene expression showed an inverse proportion to that of the MMP-2, MMP-9 genes.     

Estradiol down-regulates CD36 expression in human breast cancer cells

CD36 is a trans-membrane receptor that regulates apoptosis and angiogenesis in response to its ligand thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). This study measures expression of CD36 and TSP-1 in breast cancer cell lines. Expression of TSP-1 was approximately 50-fold higher in the aggressive cell line MDA-MB-231 than in less aggressive MCF-7, BT-474, ZR-75 and T47-D cells. In contrast, MDA-MB-231 express 30 to 100-fold less CD36 than less aggressive cells. Hormone-dependent T47-D and MCF-7 cells down-regulate CD36 in response to estradiol, and anti-hormone ICI 182,780 block this effect. These results suggest that the estrogen receptors play a role in regulating CD36 expression and ICI 182,780 prevents loss of CD36 as a novel mechanism for its anti-estrogen effect in breast cancer cells.     

Epidermal growth factor binding and protein kinase C activities in human breast cancer cell lines: possible quantitative relationship

Quantitative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of Ca2+, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (PKC) of human mammary tumor cell lines (MCF-7, ZR-75, T-47-D, MDA-MB-231, BT-20, and HBL-100) revealed that 80% of the total cellular PKC resided in the cytosol. The tumor cells with no detectable levels of estrogen receptors (MDA-MB-231, HBL-100, and BT-20 cells) exhibited significantly larger (P less than 0.001) cytosolic PKC activities than those cells that contained estrogen receptors (MCF-7, T-47-D, and ZR-75 cells). In addition, in estrogen receptor-negative cell lines, relatively high levels of specific low-affinity (apparent Kd = 700 pM) epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding activities were found as compared with estrogen receptor-positive cells with significantly (P less than 0.001) lower levels of specific high-affinity (apparent Kd = 90 pM) EGT binding. A significant positive correlation (P less than 0.01) was observed between the number of EGF receptor (Rs = 0.50) and/or the EGF receptor dissociation constants (Rs = 0.78) with the cytosolic PKC activity levels. These data indicate that, in human breast cancer cells, a positive relationship may exist between PKC activity, estrogen, and EGF receptors.     

miRNA-34a抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、MDA-MB-231的增殖与侵袭

目的:研究miRNA-34a(miR-34a)对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、MDA-MB-231的生物调控作用。方法:采用定量PCR检测人乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A,乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7、T47D、MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-453、Hs578T中miR-34a的表达水平。通过miR-34a mimics分别上调MCF-7、MDA-MB-231细胞中miR-34a的表达水平,MTT和Transwell检测肿瘤细胞增殖能力、侵袭力等生物学行为的变化。结果:乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、T47D、MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-453、Hs578T中miR-34a处于低表达水平。通过miR-34a mimics上调MCF-7、MDA-MB-231细胞中miR-34a的表达后,细胞的增殖能力被miR-34a抑制（P＜0.05）,miR-34a对细胞侵袭有显著抑制作用（P＜0.05）。结论:miR－34a在乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、T47D、MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-453及Hs578T中低表达,miR-34a抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、MDA-MB-231的细胞增殖和侵袭能力。     

HOXD3在乳腺癌细胞干性和化疗耐药性中的作用及机制研究

  目的  探讨HOXD3表达对乳腺癌细胞干性的影响,并研究HOXD3表达与乳腺癌细胞化疗耐药的关系。  方法  收集2006年1月至2008年12月哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院87例乳腺癌患者组织标本。采用免疫组织化学染色法检测乳腺癌细胞和组织中HOXD3表达;采用RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫荧光染色法检测HOXD3在顺铂或阿霉素耐药细胞系MDA-MB-231和MDAMB-435中的表达水平,分析HOXD3过表达对乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231和MDA-MB-435的干细胞生物标志物表达水平的影响;采用MTT法和集落形成实验分析HOXD3在乳腺癌细胞化疗耐药中的作用。  结果  乳腺癌组织中HOXD3 mRNA相对表达量显著高于癌旁正常组织,乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-435和MCF-7的HOXD3 mRNA相对表达量均高于正常乳腺上皮细胞系MCF-10A（均P < 0.05）。顺铂或阿霉素耐药的细胞系MDA-MB-231和MDA-MB-435的半抑制浓度（half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC₅₀）分别为（20.82±0.05）μmol/L和（19.69±0.47）μmol/L,或（32.26±0.23）mmol/L和（26.08±0.55）mmol/L,均高于对应原始细胞系（均P < 0.05）;耐药倍数分别为2.47和3.10倍,或1.86和2.08倍。HOXD3过表达MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-435的肿瘤球体数目、干细胞生物标志物的表达水平均明显增加（均P < 0.05）。  结论  HOXD3过表达对乳腺癌细胞干性的维持及化疗耐药性的发生发挥重要的作用,为制定针对肿瘤干细胞的分子靶向治疗提供理论参考。      

Characterization of epidermal growth factor receptor and action on human breast cancer cells in culture

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) may play a role in regulating growth of breast cancer cells in vivo. We have examined the action of EGF on breast cancer cells in vitro and characterized the EGF receptor as a model system for its action in vivo. All of the fourteen breast cancer cell lines which grow attached to culture dishes specifically bound EGF, including one purportedly normal breast line (HBL-100). The one cell line examined which grows as a suspension, DU-4475, did not express measurable levels of EGF binding. The number of EGF binding sites per cell for the different cell lines varied from 200 EGF binding sites/cell (for MDA-MB-436) to 700,000 EGF binding sites/cell (for MDA-MB-231), with most cell lines having approximately 10,000 EGF binding sites/cell. Scatchard analysis of EGF binding to four of the breast cell lines indicated a single class of high-affinity binding sites for MDA-MB-231 cells (Kd = 200 pM; n = 220 fmol of EGF bound/mg of cell protein); and for T-47D cells (Kd = 4 nM, n = 85 fmol of EGF bound/mg of cell protein) and curvilinear plots for MCF-7 cells and HBL-100 cells. The EGF binding to MDA-MB-231 cells was specific for EGF and was maximum after 2 hr at 37 degrees, followed by a progressive loss of cell-associated radio-activity, which was prevented by the action of the lysosomal inhibitory agent chloroquine. Specific covalent binding of 125I-EGF to MDA-MB-231 cells indicated that the EGF receptor had molecular weights of 165,000 and 140,000. MCF-7 cells and T-47D cells grown in serum-free medium supplemented with 10 nM EGF for 3 days had significantly increased protein, DNA, and cell number, whereas MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-1 cells did not respond significantly to EGF. These results indicate that EGF receptors are consistently expressed by breast cells grown attached to a surface but that some cell lines expressing EGF receptors do not respond mitogenically to EGF. The biochemical characteristics of EGF receptors in MDA-MD-231 breast cells are similar to those observed for EGF receptors in other human tissues.     

乳腺癌组织和细胞中低表达的LZTS2 通过PI3K/AKT信号通路抑制癌细胞增殖、迁移和EMT

[摘要] 目的：探讨亮氨酸拉链肿瘤抑制因子2（leucine zipper tumor suppressor 2, LZTS2）基因在人乳腺癌组织和细胞系中的表达及其对乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和EMT的影响及其作用机制。方法：收集2016 年1 月至2016 年12 月开封中心医院乳腺外科收治的50 例女性乳腺癌患者的癌及癌旁组织标本和乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7、MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-468 以及正常人乳腺上皮细胞株HBL-100,用qPCR 和Western blotting 检测乳腺癌组织和细胞中LZTS2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。构建pcDNA-LZTS2 真核表达载体并采用脂质体转染MCF-7 细胞,同时转染pcDNA3.1 作为阴性对照。用Western blotting 检测转染48~72 h 后MCF-7 细胞中LZTS2 蛋白表达水平;用MTT法、Transwell 小室法检测LZTS2 过表达对细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响,同时用Western blotting检测细胞中EMT相关蛋白Cyclin D1、波形蛋白、神经钙黏蛋白、上皮钙黏蛋白以及PI3K/AKT信号通路中相关蛋白的表达。结果：人乳腺癌组织中LZTS2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均明显低于癌旁组织（P<0.05 或P<0.01）;乳腺癌MCF-7、MDA-MB-231 和MDA-MB-468 细胞中LZTS2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著低于乳腺上皮细胞HBL-100（P<0.05 或P<0.01）。与空白对照组和pcDNA3.1组相比,pcDNA-LZTS2 组MCF-7 细胞中LZTS2 蛋白表达水平明显上调（P<0.01）,细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力显著受到抑制（P<0.05 或P<0.01）,同时过表达LZTS2 细胞中Cyclin D1、波形蛋白和神经钙黏蛋白表达水平均明显降低（P<0.05 或P<0.01）、上皮钙黏蛋白表达水平明显升高（均P<0.01）,显示LZTS2 过表达通过降低p-PI3K和p-AKT 表达而抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路。结论：LZTS2 在乳腺癌中低表达,过表达LZTS2 能够抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,可能与抑制细胞EMT过程的PI3K/AKT信号通路有关。     

Roles of full-length and truncated neurokinin-1 receptors on tumor progression and distant metastasis in human breast cancer

Substance P (SP) regulates various physiologic and pathophysiologic responses predominantly by acting through its primary receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R). There are two naturally occurring forms of NK1R: full-length NK1R-FL and truncated NK1R-Tr. SP-coupled NK1R can directly or indirectly regulate the proliferation and metastatic progression of many types of human cancer cells. However, the exact roles played by the two isoforms of NK1R in breast carcinogenesis still remain largely unclear. In the present study, we first examined the expression profile of total NK1Rs, NK1R-FL and NK1R-Tr in multiple breast cancer cell lines as well as in breast tumor samples. We found that total NK1Rs are present in normal, benign and breast tumor tissues; while, NK1R-FL expression are significantly decreased in tumor specimens, particularly in metastatic carcinomas. More interestingly, NK1R-FL is highly expressed in nontumorigenic HBL-100 breast cells, whereas MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells express only NK1R-Tr. To further investigate potential implications of NK1R-FL and NK1R-Tr in the malignant phenotypes of breast cancer, we studied the impacts of ectopically overexpressed NK1R-FL and NK1R-Tr in MDA-MB-231 and HBL-100 cells, respectively. Our in vitro and in vivo data showed that NK1R-FL expression was inversely associated with proliferation, invasiveness and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells, but overexpression of NK1R-Tr was able to promote malignant transformation of HBL-100 cells and NK1R-Tr may contribute to tumor progression and promote distant metastasis in human breast cancer. A long-term treatment of NK1R antagonist ASN-1377642 exerted antitumor action in breast cancer cells with NK1R-Tr high expression.     

miRNA-613在乳腺癌中的表达及作用机制

  目的  探讨乳腺癌中微小RNA (microRNA,miRNA)-613表达及作用机制。  方法  收集2017年5月至2018年5月91例于南充市中心医院手术切除的乳腺癌患者的组织标本,实时荧光定量PCR检测乳腺癌组织及癌旁组织标本、乳腺癌细胞系(MDAMB-231、MDA-MB-468、MCF-7)和正常乳腺上皮细胞系HBL-100中miRNA-613的表达水平,分析其与乳腺癌患者临床病理特征的关系。TCGA数据库分析miRNA-613与乳腺癌患者预后的关系。双荧光素酶报告实验检测miRNA-613与SOX9的3'UTR区的结合情况。将miRNA-613模拟物转染至MDA-MB-231细胞,CCK-8法和Transwell侵袭及迁移实验分别检测细胞增殖活性、侵袭和迁移能力的变化,Western blot检测细胞中SOX9、β-catenin、E-Cadherin和Vimentin蛋白的表达变化。  结果  miRNA-613在乳腺癌组织中表达明显低于癌旁组织(P < 0.05),并且miRNA-613表达与TNM分期和淋巴结转移密切相关(P < 0.05),TCGA生存数据显示miRNA-613表达与乳腺癌患者的总生存率无关(P>0.05)。乳腺癌细胞系中miRNA-613的表达明显低于正常乳腺上皮细胞系(P < 0.05),并且高侵袭转移性乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-468中miRNA-613的表达明显低于低侵袭转移性乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7(P < 0.05)。双荧光素酶报告实验显示miRNA-613可与SOX9的3'UTR特异性结合。上调miRNA-613的表达能抑制MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖和侵袭迁移能力(P < 0.05),同时下调SOX9、β-catenin和Vimentin蛋白的表达(P < 0.05),并上调ECadherin蛋白的表达(P < 0.05)。  结论  在乳腺癌组织和细胞中miRNA-613异常低表达,miRNA-613可能通过调控SOX9、Wnt/β-catenin信号通路抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭转移及上皮间质转化。