血流感染儿童维生素D营养状况的评价

目的 观察血流感染患儿与健康儿童血清25(OH)D 水平的差别。方法 采用病例对照研究方法,选取2010 年1 月至2013 年12 月间住院治疗且双份血培养阳性的60 例血流感染患儿为血流感染组,另选取60 例同年龄段同时期行健康体检的儿童为健康对照组。化学发光法检测两组儿童血清25(OH)D 水平,比较两组儿童不同水平25(OH)D 的构成比。结果 血流感染组患儿血清25(OH)D 水平明显低于健康对照组(P<0.01);血流感染组维生素D 正常(8%)、不足(22%)的构成比均显著低于健康对照组(分别为35%、43%,P<0.05),而缺乏(42%)、严重缺乏(28%)的构成比均显著高于健康对照组(分别为13%、8%,P<0.01)。结论 维生素D 不足在儿童中普遍存在,血流感染患儿血清25(OH)D 水平显著低于健康儿童。     

脐血25(OH)D水平及其与孕母外周血25(OH)D水平的相关性

目的探讨脐血25(OH)D水平及其与孕母外周血25(OH)D水平的相关性。方法于2010年11月至2011年1月,采用酶联免疫法测定100例新生儿脐血及其中20例选择性剖宫产的孕母生产前1 d静脉血25(OH)D水平,并进行相关性分析。结果 100例新生儿脐血25(OH)D平均水平为(29.77±12.51)nmol/L,90例(90%)50 nmol/L属于缺乏;20例孕母静脉血25(OH)D平均水平为(23.42±5.23)nmol/L,与对应的新生儿脐血25(OH)D水平呈显著正相关(r=0.84,P0.001)。结论新生儿脐血维生素D水平偏低,与孕母血25(OH)D水平相关。     

抽动障碍患儿血清25羟基维生素D水平的检测

目的了解抽动障碍(TD)患儿维生素D的营养状况,探讨维生素D水平与TD的关系。方法选取2016年11月至2017年5月诊断为TD的132例患儿为TD组,其中抽动秽语综合征患儿8例,慢性运动或发声抽动障碍患儿32例,暂时性抽动障碍患儿92例;另选取同期行体检的健康儿童144例为健康对照组。采集两组儿童外周静脉血3 m L,留取血清,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测两组儿童血清25羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]水平,根据血清25(OH)D水平,30 ng/m L为正常、10~30 ng/m L为不足、10 ng/m L为缺乏。结果 TD患儿血清25(OH)D水平明显低于健康对照组(P0.01);TD患儿血清25(OH)D不足或缺乏率明显高于健康对照组(P0.01);暂时性抽动障碍患儿血清25(OH)D水平高于抽动秽语综合征患儿(P0.05)。结论维生素D缺乏或不足可能是导致TD发病的因素之一;且维生素D水平高低可能与TD分型存在关联。     

维生素D辅助治疗儿童肺炎疗效的Meta分析

目的 系统评价维生素D辅助治疗儿童肺炎的疗效及安全性。方法 检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、中国知网数据库、万方数据库及维普数据库建库至2019年8月的文献,收集关于维生素D辅助治疗儿童肺炎的随机对照试验。根据纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选、质量评价及资料提取,应用Revman 5.3软件对结局指标进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入7篇文献,包括1 527例患儿,其中维生素D辅助治疗组762例,对照组765例。Meta分析结果显示维生素D辅助治疗不会影响儿童肺炎的疾病恢复时间（P=0.67）、住院时间（P=0.73）及退烧时间（P=0.43）,也不会减少儿童肺炎的复发率（P=0.14）、不良反应率（P=0.20）及病死率（P=0.98）。结论 现有证据表明,辅以维生素D治疗儿童肺炎无明显效果。     

早产儿维生素D两种补充方案的疗效对比：前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 探讨不同维生素D补充方案对出生胎龄 < 34周早产儿生后第28天维生素D营养状况的影响。方法 将59例2018年10月至2019年10月出生胎龄 < 34周的住院早产儿随机分为肌注组（n=30）和口服组（n=29）。肌注组单次肌内注射维生素D₃注射液（10 000 IU/kg）,口服组口服维生素D₃滴剂（900 IU/d）,持续25 d。采集两组患儿生后48 h内（维生素D₃补充前）及第28天静脉血,检测血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH) D]水平。结果 生后48 h内,59例早产儿维生素D缺乏（≤15 ng/mL）率为78%;两组血清25(OH) D水平及维生素D缺乏率比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。生后第28天,肌注组血清25(OH) D水平显著高于口服组（P < 0.05）,肌注组维生素D缺乏率显著低于口服组（P < 0.05）,且无维生素D过量或中毒病例。结论 单次肌内注射10 000 IU/kg维生素D₃可显著提升出生胎龄 < 34周早产儿生后第28天血清25(OH) D水平,且能安全并有效地降低维生素D缺乏率。     

早产儿维生素D两种补充方案的疗效对比：前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 探讨不同维生素D补充方案对出生胎龄 < 34周早产儿生后第28天维生素D营养状况的影响。方法 将59例2018年10月至2019年10月出生胎龄 < 34周的住院早产儿随机分为肌注组（n=30）和口服组（n=29）。肌注组单次肌内注射维生素D₃注射液（10 000 IU/kg）,口服组口服维生素D₃滴剂（900 IU/d）,持续25 d。采集两组患儿生后48 h内（维生素D₃补充前）及第28天静脉血,检测血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH) D]水平。结果 生后48 h内,59例早产儿维生素D缺乏（≤15 ng/mL）率为78%;两组血清25(OH) D水平及维生素D缺乏率比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。生后第28天,肌注组血清25(OH) D水平显著高于口服组（P < 0.05）,肌注组维生素D缺乏率显著低于口服组（P < 0.05）,且无维生素D过量或中毒病例。结论 单次肌内注射10 000 IU/kg维生素D₃可显著提升出生胎龄 < 34周早产儿生后第28天血清25(OH) D水平,且能安全并有效地降低维生素D缺乏率。     

早产儿出生时维生素D水平及影响因素分析

目的分析早产儿出生时维生素D水平及其可能影响因素。方法采集600例早产儿出生24 h内静脉血,检测血清25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]水平,并分析早产儿性别、出生体重、出生季节、胎龄,以及母亲的年龄、职业、早孕期体重指数(BMI)、分娩方式及妊娠期并发症等对血清25(OH)D水平的影响。结果早产儿维生素D缺乏、不足、充足的比例分别为42.0%、38.7%和19.3%。夏、秋季出生的早产儿血清25(OH)D水平显著高于冬季(P0.05),维生素D缺乏的发生率显著低于春、冬季(P0.003)。与母亲年龄≥30岁者比较,年龄30岁母亲所生早产儿血清25(OH)D水平显著降低(P0.05),维生素D缺乏的发生率显著增高(P0.017)。与母亲肥胖者比较,超重或体重正常母亲所生早产儿血清25(OH)D水平显著增高(P0.05),维生素D缺乏的发生率显著降低(P0.006)。母亲妊娠合并子癎前期者,其早产儿血清25(OH)D水平显著低于无子癎前期者(P0.05),维生素D缺乏的发生率显著高于无子癎前期者(P0.017)。多因素分析结果显示,冬春季出生、母亲年龄30岁及早孕期BMI≥28 kg/m2为早产儿维生素D缺乏的危险因素(P0.05)。结论早产儿维生素D缺乏发生率较高,有维生素D缺乏高危因素的早产儿生后需尽早补充维生素D。     

儿童特应性皮炎严重度与维生素D水平的相关性

目的探讨儿童特应性皮炎(AD)疾病严重程度与维生素D水平的相关性。方法纳入152例AD患儿,以AD严重程度评分(SCORAD)评估AD严重度,液相色谱-串联质谱法检测血清25-羟维生素D[25 (OH)D],分析AD严重程度与血清25(OH)D水平的相关性。结果 152例AD患儿中,男81例、女71例,中位年龄3.5岁。轻度、中度、重度AD患儿分别为51例(33.6%)、80例(52.6%)、19例(12.5%)。血清25(OH)D充足55例(36.2%),不足65例(42.8%),缺乏32例(21.1%)。AD患儿SCORAD评分与血清25(OH)D水平无显著相关性(r=-0.047,P=0.567),与血清总IgE呈显著正相关(r=0.244,P=0.003),与血嗜酸性粒细胞比例呈显著正相关(r=0.239,P=0.004)。结论 AD儿童中血清维生素D缺乏和不足者较多,但AD的严重程度与血清25(OH)D水平无显著相关性。     

肥胖症儿童脂溶性维生素A、D、E水平及其影响因素北大核心CSCD

目的调查肥胖症儿童脂溶性维生素A、D、E水平,并分析其影响因素。方法选取2019年1月至2021年4月就诊于西安市儿童医院营养科的273例肥胖症儿童(肥胖症组)为研究对象,同期健康体检的226例正常体重儿童为对照组。对两组儿童进行体格及体成分的测量,并检测血清维生素A、D、E浓度。结果与对照组比较,肥胖症组血清维生素A[(1.32±0.21)μmol/L vs(1.16±0.21)μmol/L]、维生素E[(9.3±1.4)mg/L vs(8.3±1.2)mg/L]水平较高(P<0.001),25羟维生素D[25-hydroxyvitamin D,25(OH)D]水平[(49±22)nmol/L vs(62±24)nmol/L]较低(P<0.001)。在肥胖症组中,边缘型维生素A缺乏率为5.5%(15/273),维生素D缺乏/不足率为56.8%(155/273),维生素E不足率为4.0%(11/273)。控制体重指数和腰身比后,肥胖症儿童维生素A水平与年龄呈正相关(P<0.001),维生素E和25(OH)D水平与年龄呈负相关(P<0.001)。在控制年龄因素后,未发现肥胖症儿童血清维生素A、维生素E、25(OH)D水平与其肥胖程度、体脂百分比、肥胖时长的相关性,但维生素A和维生素E水平与其腰身比呈正相关(P<0.001)。结论肥胖症儿童的血清维生素A和维生素E水平较高,尤其是腹型肥胖者,而血清维生素D营养状况较差,且随着年龄的增长,状况愈差。因此,应关注肥胖症儿童维生素D营养状况并积极补充。     

孤独症谱系障碍患儿血清25(OH)D水平的检测

目的了解孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿维生素D营养状况,探讨维生素D水平与ASD的关系。方法采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对117例新诊断的ASD患儿和109例健康对照儿童进行血清25(OH)D检测,并根据血清25(OH)D水平,将维生素D状况分为正常(30 ng/m L)、不足(10~30 ng/m L)和缺乏(10 ng/m L),比较两组儿童维生素D营养状况。结果 ASD患儿25(OH)D水平(19±9 ng/m L)明显低于对照组(36±13 ng/m L),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。ASD患儿中维生素D缺乏和不足率为89.7%,明显高于对照组(52.3%),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 ASD患儿存在维生素D缺乏或不足,维生素D缺乏和不足有可能是ASD发病的环境/遗传因素。     

维生素D缺乏与新生儿早发型败血症的相关性研究

目的评估血清维生素D水平对足月新生儿早发型败血症(EOS)的影响。方法 78例足月EOS新生儿设为研究组(EOS组),60例无感染相关临床和/或实验室表现的健康足月新生儿设为对照组。两组新生儿及其母亲均在产后72h内采血进行25-羟基维生素D(25-OHD)水平检测,比较两组新生儿维生素D缺乏发生率及母亲孕期维生素D补充情况。结果两组母亲和新生儿之间血清25-OHD水平均呈显著正相关(EOS组:r=0.797,P0.01,对照组:r=0.929,P0.01)。EOS组新生儿及其母亲血清25-OHD水平显著低于对照组(P0.01)。EOS组新生儿维生素D缺乏发生率显著高于对照组(P0.01),而母亲孕末期3个月补充足量维生素D的比率显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论低血清25-OHD水平与足月新生儿EOS的发生具有相关性。     

High prevalence of moderately severe vitamin D deficiency in preterm infants

Background: The recommended dose of vitamin D supplementation of preterm infants is based on data from populations in which severe vitamin D deficiency is uncommon and may be inadequate for infants in high risk population. However, data on vitamin D status of preterm infants in high‐risk populations, such as Middle Eastern countries is scarce. Methods: This study investigates the vitamin D status of Arab mothers and their preterm infants. Maternal serum and cord blood 25(OH)D, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and alkaline phosphate (ALP) were measured at delivery. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by HPLC while the other biochemical parameters were measured by standard autoanalyzer. Results: Thirty‐four preterm infants were studied. The mean gestational age was 31.4 weeks and birth weight was 1667 g. The median serum 25(OH)D of 17.0 nmol/L in 28 mothers and 14.5 nmol/L in 34 cord blood samples were low. The median maternal and cord blood Ca, P and ALP levels were within normal range. Fifteen (44%) of the infants had moderately severe vitamin D deficiency (serum 25 (OH)D levels <12.5 nmol/L). The median serum 25(OH)D levels of mothers who had reportedly taken prenatal vitamin D supplementation and those who had not were similar (17.3 vs 16.3) nmol/L. The mean serum 25(OH)D levels among preterm infants in this study were low when compared to levels in Caucasians preterm infants on which the current vitamin D recommendations are based. Conclusion: The high prevalence of moderately severe vitamin D deficiency in Arab preterm infants provides a justification to investigate vitamin D requirement of preterm infants in this and other high‐risk populations.     

Is Lower Vitamin D Level Associated with Increased Risk of Neonatal Sepsis? A Prospective Cohort Study

To evaluate the effect of maternal/ neonatal vitamin D levels on culture positive neonatal sepsis. This prospective cohort study was conducted in the NICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Odisha, Eastern India from January 2015 through December 2016. Forty (40) neonates with culture positive sepsis were included in the study group. Forty (40) healthy neonates admitted for evaluation of neonatal jaundice who are similar in gender, gestational age, postnatal age and without any clinical signs of sepsis were recruited as control group after informed consent. Vitamin D level (25 OH D) was assessed in the neonates and their mothers in both the groups. Neonatal 25 OH vitamin D level in the study group (12.71 ± 2.82 ng/ml) was significantly lower than in the control group (25.46 ± 7.02 ng/ml). The Odds ratio was 273 (95% CI 30.39–2451.6) for culture positive sepsis in neonates with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Mothers of septic neonates had significantly lower 25 OH vitamin D level (20.92 ± 3.92 ng/ml) than the mothers of healthy neonates in control group (27.31 ± 6.83 ng/ml). The Odds ratio was 4.71 (95% CI 1.69–13.1) for culture positive sepsis in babies born to mothers with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Neonates with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency are at higher risk for developing sepsis than those with sufficient vitamin D levels. Lower vitamin D levels in mothers is also associated with increased risk of sepsis in the neonates.     

维生素D缺乏与早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的相关性

目的 评估维生素D水平对早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）的影响。方法 选取2016年1~12月于生后2 h内入新生儿科住院治疗的胎龄 < 36周的早产儿429例为研究对象,依据患儿是否发生NEC,将429例患儿分为NEC组（n=22）和非NEC组（n=407）。采集早产儿及其母亲入院时外周静脉血进行25-羟基维生素D（25-OHD）水平检测,比较两组早产儿和母亲血清25-OHD水平,Pearson相关分析早产儿和母亲血清25-OHD水平相关性,比较两组早产儿维生素D缺乏情况,单因素logistic回归分析早产儿NEC影响因素。结果 NEC组母亲和早产儿血清25-OHD水平均显著低于非NEC组（P < 0.001）。两组母亲和早产儿之间血清25-OHD水平均呈正向关（P < 0.001）。非NEC组与NEC组早产儿维生素D水平在正常、不足、缺乏、严重缺乏等状况的分布上比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.001）。单因素logistic回归分析结果显示：胎龄、出生体重、母亲和早产儿25-OHD水平、机械通气持续时间、用氧持续时间和住院时间可能是NEC发生的影响因素（P < 0.05）。结论 母亲和早产儿低血清25-OHD水平与早产儿NEC的发生可能具有相关性,提示母孕期补充维生素D对于预防早产儿NEC的发生有重要意义。     

Maternal vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplementation in healthy infants

The objective of this study was to evaluate the common effects of maternal vitamin D deficiency, various doses of vitamin D given to newborns and the effects of these on vitamin D status in early childhood. Seventy-eight pregnant women and 65 infants who were followed up in various health centers were included in the sudy. 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25-OHvitD), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and alkaline phosphatase levels were measured in blood samples drawn from pregnant women in the last trimester. Infants born to these mothers were given 400 or 800 IU of vitamin D subsequently at the start of the second week. 25-OHvitD, Ca, P and alkaline phosphatase levels of the 65 infants who were brought in for controls (May-September 2000) were measured and hand-wrist X-rays were evaluated. We analyzed the relationship between vitamin D status of the mothers and infants and socio-economic status; mothers' dressing habits (covered vs uncovered), educational level, and number of pregnancies; and sunlight exposure of the house. Covered as a dressing habit meant covering the hair and sometimes part of the face and wearing dresses that completely cover the arms and legs. In 40 infants who were breast-fed and received the recommended doses of vitamin D on a regular basis, the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and supplementation doses given was analyzed. Serum 25-OHvitD level of the mothers was 17.50 +/- 10.30 and 94.8% of the mothers had a 25-OHvitD level below 40 nmol/L (below 25 nmol/L in 79.5%). The risk factors associated with low maternal 25-OHvitD were low educational level (p = 0.042), insufficient intake of vitamin D within diet (p = 0.020) and "covered" dressing habits (p = 0.012). 25-OHvitD level of the infants was 83.70 +/- 53.70 nmol/L, and 24.6% of the infants had 25-OHvitD levels lower than 40 nmol/L. Risk factors for low 25-OHvitD levels in infants were a) not receiving recommended doses of vitamin D regularly (p = 0.002) and b) insufficient sunlight exposure of the house (p = 0.033). There was a pour but significant correlation between maternal vitamin D levels and infants' 25-OHvitD levels at four months (r = 0.365, p < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between 25-OHvitD levels and supplementation doses of vitamin D (19 infants were supplemented with 400 IU/day and 21 with 800 IU/day of vitamin D) (p = 0.873). Severe maternal vitamin D deficiency remains a commonly seen problem in Turkey. However, vitamin D deficiency can be prevented by supplementation of vitamin D to newborns (at least 400 IU). Supplementation of 800 IU vitamin D in the areas of maternal vitamin D deficiency has no greater benefits for the infants.     

Correlation between maternal and neonatal blood Vitamin D level: Study from Pakistan

In Pakistan, there is limited evidence for the levels and relationship of 25 (OH) Vitamin D (25(OH)D) status in pregnant women and their newborns, while the association between maternal 25(OH)D and newborn anthropometric measurements remains unexplored. Sociodemographic data were collected from 213 pregnant mothers during their visit to a tertiary care hospital at the time of childbirth. Anthropometric measurements were performed on all mothers and their newborns and blood samples collected from both for 25(OH)D levels. Participants were classified into two groups according to their 25(OH)D status: sufficient (25(OH)D ≥50 nmol L⁻¹) and deficient (25(OH)D <50 nmol L⁻¹). Simple and multiple regression models were used for analysis. Among 213 pregnant women, prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was 61.5%, and their newborn was 99.5% (mean 25(OH)D levels: 46.3 [11.3] and 24.9 [5.4] nmol L⁻¹, respectively). Maternal sociodemographic characteristics were similar between 25(OH)D deficient and sufficient mothers, whereas newborn 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in the former (22.60 [4.53] vs. 27.67 [3.82] nmol L⁻¹, respectively, P < 0.001). There was a strong positive association between maternal and newborn 25(OH)D levels (r, 0.66; r ², 43%, B [SE], 0.3 [0.02]; P < 0.001). Association of maternal 25(OH)D levels with newborn weight, length and head circumference was not significant (all P > 0.05). Our study shows a high prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in pregnant women and their newborns and a strong positive association between maternal and newborn 25(OH)D levels. Findings of this study indicate the importance of maintaining sufficient 25(OH)D levels during pregnancy.     

Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among healthy school-age Cree children

BACKGROUND:

First Nations children are at higher risk for vitamin D deficiency and rickets.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the correlations between fat mass, parathyroid hormone and dietary habits with serum vitamin D level in a random sample of Cree children eight to 14 years of age.

METHODS:

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and additional information regarding anthropometrics and dietary habits were obtained from participants in two Cree communities. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D levels <30 nmol/L and <50 nmol/L, respectively. Proportions to estimate the vitamin D status were weighted to account for the complex sampling design, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to estimate the associations of milk and fish intake, parathyroid hormone and fat mass with serum 25(OH)D levels.

RESULTS:

Data from 52 healthy Cree children (mean [± SD] age 11.1±2.0 years; 27 boys) were included in the analyses. The median serum 25(OH)D level was 52.4 nmol/L (range 22.1 nmol/L to 102.7 nmol/L). Forty-three percent (95% CI 29% to 58%) and 81% (95% CI 70% to 92%) of Cree children had vitamin D levels <50 nmol/L and <75 nmol/L, respectively. Vitamin D intake was positively associated with serum 25(OH)D levels. Obese children had lower vitamin D levels; however, the difference was nonsignificant.

CONCLUSION:

There may be a substantial proportion of Cree children who are vitamin D deficient. Increasing age, lower dietary vitamin D intake and, possibly, higher body mass index were associated with decreased vitamin D levels; however, causality cannot be inferred.