儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病中性粒细胞缺乏伴发热单中心血流感染病原菌分析

目的 分析儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)化疗后中性粒细胞缺乏伴发热(FN)血流感染的临床特点、危险因素和病原菌分布。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月1日至2016年12月31日上海交通大学附属儿童医院血液肿瘤科收治的ALL化疗后发生FN住院患儿的临床资料和血培养结果,分析菌株的分布及药敏特点。结果 纳入ALL患儿312例,FN1 548例次,共送检1 700例次血培养,血培养阳性率7.5%(127/1 700),血流感染发生率8.2%(127/1 548),病死率9.4%(12/127)。血流感染革兰阳性菌51.1%(65/127),革兰阴性菌47.2%(60/127),真菌1.5%(2/127)。革兰阴性菌血流感染与革兰阳性菌血流感染比较,ANC<0.1×10⁹·L^-1的患儿占比(P=0.041)和感染性休克发生率更高(P=0.002)。2012~2016年铜绿假单胞菌构成比较2007~2011年增加(χ²=4.712,P=0.030)。ALL的危险程度分层IR/HR(OR=2.560,P=0.045)和ANC<0.1×10⁹·L^-1(OR=0.754,P=0.025)是血流感染发生的独立危险因素。结论 ALL患儿发生FN时血流感染病原菌阳性率较高(8.2%),以革兰阳性菌感染为主。在严重粒细胞缺乏时以革兰阴性菌血流感染为主,铜绿假单胞菌感染有增加趋势,合并感染性休克是FN死亡的独立危险因素。     

儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病中性粒细胞缺乏伴发热单中心血流感染病原菌分析

目的 分析儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)化疗后中性粒细胞缺乏伴发热(FN)血流感染的临床特点、危险因素和病原菌分布。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月1日至2016年12月31日上海交通大学附属儿童医院血液肿瘤科收治的ALL化疗后发生FN住院患儿的临床资料和血培养结果,分析菌株的分布及药敏特点。结果 纳入ALL患儿312例,FN1 548例次,共送检1 700例次血培养,血培养阳性率7.5%(127/1 700),血流感染发生率8.2%(127/1 548),病死率9.4%(12/127)。血流感染革兰阳性菌51.1%(65/127),革兰阴性菌47.2%(60/127),真菌1.5%(2/127)。革兰阴性菌血流感染与革兰阳性菌血流感染比较,ANC<0.1×10⁹·L^-1的患儿占比(P=0.041)和感染性休克发生率更高(P=0.002)。2012~2016年铜绿假单胞菌构成比较2007~2011年增加(χ²=4.712,P=0.030)。ALL的危险程度分层IR/HR(OR=2.560,P=0.045)和ANC<0.1×10⁹·L^-1(OR=0.754,P=0.025)是血流感染发生的独立危险因素。结论 ALL患儿发生FN时血流感染病原菌阳性率较高(8.2%),以革兰阳性菌感染为主。在严重粒细胞缺乏时以革兰阴性菌血流感染为主,铜绿假单胞菌感染有增加趋势,合并感染性休克是FN死亡的独立危险因素。     

儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病中枢神经系统浸润的防治

目的通过对中枢神经系统白血病(CNSL)的防治,预防和降低白血病的髓外复发机会,提高儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)的长期生存。 方法1999~2003年上海市新华医院对277例儿童ALL的诱导治疗期4~5次鞘内三联注射(甲氨蝶呤、阿糖胞苷、地塞米松),巩固期后采用大剂量甲氨蝶呤(HD-MTX)24h静脉连续滴注,进入维持后,每3个月1次,总共8~9次,以后改为鞘内注射3个月1次,直至化疗结束,对于超高危ALL患儿(白细胞计数>100×10⁹/L、Ph1染色体阳性)采用头颅照射加鞘内注射。 结果277例ALL患儿发生CNSL 9例,发生率为3.2%,9例CNSL中4例骨髓复发,5例存活,中位生存时间22.2个月。 结论CNSL的防治方法,明显降低了CNSL的发生率,使ALL患儿生存机会提高。发生CNSL的不利因素有高白细胞血症、T细胞性ALL、Ph1阳性染色体改变等。     

婴幼儿常见下呼吸道感染性疾病与淋巴细胞亚群变化关系的研究

目的 探讨淋巴细胞亚群在儿童常见下呼吸道感染支气管炎、支气管肺炎和毛细支气管炎中的变化及临床意义。方法 选取111 例支气管炎、418 例支气管肺炎和83 例毛细支气管炎患儿为疾病组,同期健康婴幼儿235 例为对照组,用流式细胞仪检测各组淋巴细胞亚群。结果 支气管炎组总T 淋巴细胞、CD3⁺CD8⁺细胞低于对照组(P<0.05)。支气管肺炎组总T 淋巴细胞和CD3⁺CD8⁺ 细胞低于对照组、Th 和CD4/CD8 高于对照组,且Th 比例高于支气管炎组;与轻症肺炎组相比,重症肺炎组总T 淋巴细胞降低而B 淋巴细胞升高(P<0.05)。毛细支气管炎组Th 细胞和CD4/CD8 高于对照组、CD3⁺CD8⁺ 细胞低于对照组(P<0.01)。与对照组比,3 组下呼吸道感染患儿的B 淋巴细胞增高、NK 细胞比例降低(P<0.05)。结论 细胞免疫功能紊乱或低下以及体液免疫功能亢进参与了婴幼儿下呼吸道感染的发生和发展,并且变化程度与疾病类型及病情程度有关。     

Th17/Treg细胞比例失衡在儿童原发性免疫性血小板减少症中的意义

目的 探讨Th17/Treg 细胞比例失衡在儿童原发性免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)发病及治疗中的意义。方法 选取2015 年5 月至2015 年8 月确诊为ITP 的32 例患儿作为ITP 组,同期选取22 例健康儿童作为健康对照组,采用流式细胞术分别检测初诊ITP 患儿、丙种球蛋白治疗后的ITP 患儿和健康对照组儿童外周血Th17、Treg 细胞的比例。结果 ITP 患儿治疗前外周血Th17 占CD4⁺T 细胞的比例、Th17/Treg 细胞比值均显著高于治疗后及健康对照组儿童(P<0.05),治疗前Treg 细胞占CD4⁺T 细胞的比例显著低于治疗后及健康对照组儿童(P<0.05);32 例ITP 患儿经治疗后,20 例完全反应,4 例有效,8 例无效,完全反应患儿外周血Th17细胞占CD4⁺T 细胞比例、Th17/Treg 细胞比值显著低于无效患儿(P<0.05)。结论 儿童ITP 中存在Th17/Treg细胞比例失衡,丙种球蛋白可通过调节Th17/Treg 细胞比例变化进而改变患儿细胞免疫功能,治疗过程中检测该比值变化可能对疾病的疗效有一定的预测作用。     

血流感染儿童维生素D营养状况的评价

目的 观察血流感染患儿与健康儿童血清25(OH)D 水平的差别。方法 采用病例对照研究方法,选取2010 年1 月至2013 年12 月间住院治疗且双份血培养阳性的60 例血流感染患儿为血流感染组,另选取60 例同年龄段同时期行健康体检的儿童为健康对照组。化学发光法检测两组儿童血清25(OH)D 水平,比较两组儿童不同水平25(OH)D 的构成比。结果 血流感染组患儿血清25(OH)D 水平明显低于健康对照组(P<0.01);血流感染组维生素D 正常(8%)、不足(22%)的构成比均显著低于健康对照组(分别为35%、43%,P<0.05),而缺乏(42%)、严重缺乏(28%)的构成比均显著高于健康对照组(分别为13%、8%,P<0.01)。结论 维生素D 不足在儿童中普遍存在,血流感染患儿血清25(OH)D 水平显著低于健康儿童。     

中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液中胰岛素样生长因子的变化

目的 探讨中枢神经系统感染患儿脑脊液中胰岛素样生长因子(IGFs)的变化及意义。方法 选择2001年2月至2003年6月在新乡医学院一附院治疗的化脓性脑膜炎患儿30例、病毒性脑炎30例,以非中枢神经系统疾病、非感染性疾病的患儿30例作对照组。脑脊液中胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)用放射免疫分析法检测,脑脊液中胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ)用免疫放射分析法检测。结果(1)化脓性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液中IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ质量浓度均显著高于病毒性脑炎组及对照组(P<0.01);(2)化脓性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液中IGF-Ⅱ的质量浓度与蛋白质浓度呈正相关(r=0.821,P<0.05),与葡萄糖浓度呈负相关(r=-0.742,P<0.01);(3)化脓性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液中IGF-Ⅰ的质量浓度与蛋白质浓度呈正相关(r=0.862,P<0.01)。结论 IGFs参与了化脓性脑膜炎的病理生理过程,并参与了脑脊液中葡萄糖和蛋白质的代谢。脑脊液中IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ的浓度可作为鉴别化脓性脑膜炎和病毒性脑炎的一项辅助指标 。     

强光疗治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的疗效及安全性

目的 探讨采用强光疗治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的疗效及安全性。方法 对144 例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿进行前瞻性随机分组,其中强光疗组和传统光疗组各72 例,对两组疗效及并发症等情况进行比较。结果 光疗后12 h 内强光疗组患儿血总胆红素水平明显低于传统光疗组(P<0.05),且胆红素下降幅度明显高于传统光疗组(P<0.05)。强光疗组患儿总光疗时间明显短于传统光疗组(P<0.05)。两组患儿光疗后发热、腹泻、皮疹、低钙血症发生率及光疗后血钙水平和血红蛋白下降水平等比较差异均无统计学意义。结论 强光疗在光疗开始初期可迅速有效降低高胆红素血症患儿血中胆红素水平,缩短总光疗时间,且不增加不良反应的发生率,是一种优于传统光疗的治疗措施。     

肥胖对哮喘儿童治疗效果及肺功能的影响

目的 探讨肥胖对哮喘患儿规范化吸入疗法疗效及肺功能的影响。方法 129 例哮喘患儿分为正常体重哮喘组(n=64)和哮喘伴肥胖组(n=65),比较两组患儿接受规范化吸入治疗1 年后的肺功能和哮喘控制情况,其中肺功能采用第1 秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(FEV1%)、用力肺活量占预计值百分比(FVC%)、呼气峰流速(PEF)、用力呼气25% 流速(PEF₂₅)、用力呼气50% 流速(PEF₅₀)表示。另选取68 例健康儿童作为健康对照组。结果 治疗前3 组间肺功能各指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中健康对照组肺功能测定值最优,哮喘伴肥胖组测定值最差。治疗1 年后正常体重哮喘组FEV1%、FVC% 的改善均明显优于哮喘伴肥胖组(P<0.01),但两组间PEF、PEF₂₅、PEF₅₀ 的改善差异无统计学意义 。治疗1 年后,正常体重哮喘组哮喘完全控制率、部分控制率、未控制率分别为72%、19%、9%; 哮喘伴肥胖组完全控制率、部分控制率、未控制率分别为28%、51%、22%,正常体重哮喘组哮喘控制率优于哮喘伴肥胖组(P<0.01)。结论 哮喘伴肥胖患儿治疗后大气道功能改善及哮喘控制状况较正常体重哮喘患儿差。     

连续性血液滤过对危重型手足口病儿童炎症介质及血流动力学的影响

目的 探讨连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)对于危重型手足口病(HFMD)患儿炎症介质及血流动力学的影响,评估临床疗效。方法 36 例HFMD 第4 期患儿随机分为常规治疗组和CVVH 治疗组,每组18 例。CVVH 组在常规治疗基础上行CVVH 治疗。于治疗前、治疗24 h、48 h 检测外周静脉血IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、乳酸浓度以及心率、血压、左心室射血分数。结果 治疗24 h 后,常规治疗组血IL-2 浓度较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),CVVH 组血IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α 浓度均低于治疗前和常规治疗组(P<0.05)。治疗48 h 后,两组各炎症因子浓度较治疗前和治疗24 h 均明显降低(P<0.01),且CVVH 组低于常规治疗组(P<0.01)。治疗48 h 后两组患儿的心率、收缩压、血乳酸均明显降低,左心室射血分数明显增高(P<0.01);CVVH 组除收缩压以外的其他指标与常规治疗组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 CVVH 能有效清除危重型手足口病患儿体内的炎症因子,同时能降低心率、静脉血乳酸,改善心功能。     

CNS late effects after ALL therapy in childhood. Part I: Neuroradiological findings in long-term survivors of childhood ALL—an evaluation of the interferences between morphology and neuropsychological performance

The effect of cranial irradiation on possible therapy-induced morphological central nervous system (CNS) side effects of children cured from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is controversially discussed. In a retrospective multicenter study, 118 former ALL patients in first continous remission were investigated using cranial computerised tomography (CCT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to evaluate CNS related impairments. Corresponding to the different kinds of CNS prophylaxis, the patient sample was divided: group A (n = 39) receiving intrathecal methotrexate (ITMTX) and systemical medium-high-dose methotrexate (SMHDMTX), group B (n = 41) cranial irradiated (in mean 16.8 Gy) and administering ITMTX and SMHDMTX, group C (n = 38) irradiated (in mean 17.1 Gy) and getting ITMTX. Pathologic scans showed atrophy, leukoencephalopathy, calcifications or grey matter changes. These findings were compared with the neuropsychological test results. Abnormal MRI or CCT scans were found in 61/118 patients (51.7%). Fifteen belonged to group A (38.5%), 23 to B (56.1%) and 23 to C (60.5%). Patients with definite CNS changes show reduced neuropsychological test results. The prevalence of brain alterations seems to appear twice increased after lengthening the post-therapeutic interval in irradiated patients as in nonirradiated patients. Irradiated patients with an age younger than 2 years at diagnosis may show a lower prevalence for developing CNS alterations. CNS alterations are not sex-related. Children treated with cranial irradiation in combination with SMHDMTX and/or ITMTX were at greater risk of developing morphological brain alterations than patients with chemotherapy alone. These alterations are partly correlated with reduced neuropsychological performances and seem to stay with a longer post-therapeutic interval. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 28: 387–400, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

rhG-CSF在小儿ANLL强烈化疗中的应用

为探讨rhG-CSF对小儿ANLL强烈化疗后粒细胞缺乏的疗效，采用AAE方案（ADM、Ara-C、VP(16)或VM(26)），化疗后当WBC＜1×109/L或ANC＜0．5×109/L时，给予rhG-CSF200μg/m2·d（5～10μg/kg·d），皮下注射，一般连续5～10天。本文15例ANLL，用rhG-CSF30例次。用rhG-CSF前，WBC平均0．78×109/L、ANC0．15×109/L。用rhG-CSF后，平均6．5天WBC升至＞3×109/L、ANC升至＞1×109/L。粒细胞恢复时间与对照组相比明显缩短（P＜0．01）。骨髓复查未见原始细胞增多或复发。rhG-CSF有促进强烈化疗所致骨髓抑制和粒细胞缺乏的恢复，但未见骨髓原始细胞增多和白血病复发。     

Clinical value of glycated hemoglobin and fructosamine in the long-term glycemic control of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Hyperglycemia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been well documented in the literature. The puipose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical value of glycated hemoglobin (GHb) and fructosamine (Frc) in the long-term glycemic control of ALL patients. An attempt was made to identify the risk factors for hyperglycemia in ALL patients. The study group comprised 26 newly diagnosed ALL patients admitted to hospital during1995–96. Patients with a history of blood transfusion or infection within the past 3 months were excluded from the study. White blood cell (WBC) counts, fasting blood glucose (FBG). GHb and Frc levels were analyzed in venous blood on screening day 0, before induction of chemotherapy. Frc analysis was repeated on the 21st day and GHb level on the 60th day of chemotherapy. FBG tests were performed before each dose of L-asparaginase, on days 21 and 60. None of the patients was obese. Although six children (23%) had hyperglycemia during the induction therapy, four of them had a GHb level higher than normal on admission. Only one patient who developed hyperglycemia had a family history of diabetes mellitus. Patients with a high initial WBC count (>20× 10⁹/L) had a significantly higher baseline GHb than patients with a WBC count below this level. GHb values returned to normal after achievement of complete remission. It is suggested that the leukemic process could impair glucose metabolism and baseline GHb may be used to monitor possible small changes in glucose homeostasis of ALL patients, prior to chemotherapy.     

Osteonecrosis in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The purpose of the study was to find out the prevalence of osteonecrosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in complete bone marrow remission at the end of the treatment. Twenty-eight children with ALL underwent MRI of the upper and/or lower extremities. Bone marrow signal intensity was analyzed on T1-weighted images, where cir-cumscribed lesions with a rim of low signal intensity were considered typical of osteonecrosis. Osteonecrosis was found in 9 of the 28 children (32%, 95% CI 16% to 52%). Five of them were asymptomatic. They had been treated with high risk and intermediate risk protocols, both of which include a delayed intensification phase with dexamethasone. None of the patients with standard risk ALL were found to have developed osteonecrosis. Osteonecroses occurred unexpectedly in symptomless patients and in patients with mild transient symptoms treated with high risk and intermediate risk protocols. Our study suggests that the intensification phase of the treatment protocols with intensive dexamethasone medication might be responsible for the development of osteonecrosis. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 29:260–265, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

荣成98方案诊治儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病的临床分析

目的　分析近几年利用荣成98方案对重庆地区儿童淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的诊治状况,初步评估1999年全国ALL诊疗建议的方案的应用效果。方法　对2 0 0 0年1月至2 0 0 4年4月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院新诊ALL患儿2 31例,参照1999荣成诊疗建议进行诊断、分型及治疗,分年龄组进行统计分析比较。结果　近3年ALL病例数逐渐增加;患儿初诊时临床表现较重;婴儿高白细胞(WBC)者为80 .0 0 % ,而10岁以上患儿为14 .2 8% ;骨髓增生程度与WBC计数不完全一致。B ALL和T ALL分别占86 . 76 %和13. 2 4 % ,合并髓系标志表达者14 . 71% ;具有染色体数目或结构异常的患者标本为76 % ,激素实验不敏感者10 . 14 % ,而HR ALL占4 9. 6 6 %。接受化疗者5 8例,完全缓解率89 .5 8% ;骨髓复发9例,复发率17% ;4 1例患儿坚持治疗,进入维持治疗2 1例,无病生存率为83%。结论　所在医院近3年ALL病例逐渐增加;本文ALL患儿初诊时的临床表现较重;高白细胞血症见于多数婴儿白血病患儿;坚持规范的化疗是决定预后的最重要因素;荣成98方案治疗结果显示完全缓解率89. 5 8% ,无病生存率83% ,复发率17% ,大剂量氨甲蝶呤对中枢神经系统白血病预防起到了重要作用。     

Intermediate-dose methotrexate in the treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia: lack of benefit during maintenance therapy following intensive induction therapy

One hundred and fifty-one children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) received multiple agent induction chemotherapy followed by intensive phase treatment. One hundred and thirty-seven patients were randomised for the first year of maintenance treatment to receive reinforcement therapy (pulses) with either intermediate-dose methotrexate (ID-MTX) and prednisone (PRED) or vincristine (VCR) and PRED. The probablity of continuous complete remission (CCR) at 5.5 years is 0.80 for the ID-MTX group and 0.84 for the VCR group. Extramedullary relapses were not prevented either in the ID-MTX group nor in the VCR group.Since in previous studies VCR/PRED pulses did not increase CCR rates when given after intensive combination chemotherapy, it can be concluded from this study that neither did ID-MTX reinforcement therapy further improve treatment results in our patients with ALL when given after aggressive chemotherapy.Abbreviations ALL acute lymphocytic leukaemia - AUL acute undifferentiated leukaemia - BM bone marrow - CCR continuous complete remission - CNS central nervous system - ID-MTX intermediate-dose methotrexate - PRD prednisone - VCR vincristine - WBC white blood count To Prof. Dr. G. Landbeck on his 60th birthday     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体在儿童急性白血病中的表达以及临床意义

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)及其受体(vas-cular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在儿童急性白血病骨髓中的表达,以及化疗前后的变化。方法53例儿童急性白血病患儿,其中急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphocytic leukem ia,ALL)33例,急性髓系细胞白血病(acute myeloid leukem ia,AML)20例,对照组21例为骨髓象正常的非恶性血液病患儿。采用免疫组化方法检测53例急性白血病患儿治疗前后以及对照组骨髓中VEGF/VEGFR(包括Flt-1和KDR两种)的表达。结果VEGR、Flt-1、KDR在急性白血病患儿骨髓中表达水平高于对照组,在AML组中的表达高于ALL组。化疗后获得完全缓解(CR)的40例患儿,其VEGF、Flt-1、KDR的表达在化疗前后差异有显著性(P<0.05);化疗后未获得CR患儿VEGF、Flt-1、KDR的表达在化疗前后无显著性(P>0.05)。同时VEGF、KDR在儿童ALL中化疗后有明显的降低,但Flt-1无明显改变;VEGF、Flt-1、KDR在儿童AML中化疗后均有明显的降低。结论①VEGF、Flt-1、KDR在儿童急性白血病中表达增高。提示VEGF、Flt-1、KDR在儿童急性白血病的发生过程中起着重要作用。②VEGF、Flt-1、KDR在儿童AML中表达比ALL高。VEGF可以作为评价儿童急性白血病化疗反应的指标,同时说明ALL与AML可能具有不同的血管新生机制。     

Changes in T1 relaxation processes in the bone marrow following treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T₁ relaxation time measurements of the vertebral bone marrow were performed in 11 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at diagnosis. Nine of the children were re-examined after chemotherapeutic treatment. The results were compared with histological data from bone marrow biopsies obtained in close association to the MR examinations. Ten age matched children were examined as a control group. A 1.5 Tesla whole body scanner was used for the measurements. The pretreatment T₁ relaxation times of the bone marrow were significantly prolonged, compared to the age matched controls. After chemotherapy the T₁ relaxation times of the children with ALL decreased significantly towards or into the normal range. A significant correlation was found between the T₁ relaxation time and the content of malignant blast cells in the bone marrow.     

急性髓系白血病患儿骨髓细胞中血管内皮生长因子及其受体的变化

目的探讨儿童急性髓系白血病(AML)骨髓细胞中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体(VEGFR)的表达差异,分析其与儿童急性髓系白血病临床特征的关系,以及化疗前后的变化。方法采用SP免疫组化方法检测20例AML患儿治疗前后以及对照组骨髓中VEGF/VEGFR(Flt-1和KDR)的表达情况。结果VEGF、Flt-1、KDR在AML患儿骨髓中表达水平高于对照组。化疗后获得完全缓解(CR)14例患儿的VEGF、Flt-1、KDR表达在化疗后比化疗前显著降低;化疗后未获得CR的6例患儿的表达化疗前后差异无统计学意义。AML患儿的VEGF表达与骨髓中幼稚细胞百分比、外周血中幼稚细胞百分比呈正相关。骨髓中VEGF、Flt-1、KDR的表达水平在不同年龄、不同性别、有无髓外浸润差异无统计学意义。高表达的VEGF组缓解率低于低表达组。结论VEGF、Flt-1、KDR在AML患儿中呈高表达,提示可能与儿童急性白血病发生过程与预后有关。     

Evaluation of bone marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma and changes after chemotherapy by MRI

To evaluate the usefulness of MRI for diagnosing bone marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma, we compared MRI findings with histological findings. MRI was performed 26 times in 20 patients with neuroblastoma to detect metastasis to the bone marrow of the femur and tibia. Abnormal areas observed by MRI were histologically examined. The lesion visualized by MRI as a low-intensity area on T1-weighted images and as a high-intensity area on T2-weighted images was histologically confirmed to be neuroblastoma in 81% (17/21). The percentage varied according to the treatment state: 89% (8/9) by MRI imaging performed before the initiation of chemotherapy, 67% (6/9) within 3 weeks after cessation of chemotherapy (during chemotherapy), and 100% (3/3) in recurrent cases 1 year or more after chemotherapy. During the follow-up period after chemotherapy, tissue with signal intensities similar to that of bone marrow was observed in a speckled pattern in the intramedullary space on T1- and T2-weighted images. This tissue was histologically demonstrated to be normal bone marrow and was considered to be bone marrow remaining after chemotherapy. In this small series, histological findings supported the results of MRI, confirming the usefulness of MRI for diagnosing bone marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma. However, bone marrow metastasis after chemotherapy was difficult to evaluate by comparing signal intensities alone. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.