狼疮性肾炎患者外周血Th1／Th2淋巴细胞平衡的研究

目的：通过检测狼疮性肾炎患者外周血中CD4^ 淋巴细胞分泌细胞子的情况,探讨了Th1/Th2细胞类型与狼疮性肾炎的发病关系。方法：采用流式细胞分析法对29例狼疮性肾炎患者和15名健康志愿者外周血中淋巴细胞的胞内细胞因子（INF－γ、IL-4）和表面抗原（CD4）进行分析。结果：狼疮性肾炎患者Th1细胞数和Th1/Th2比值与正常对照组比较,差异有非常显著性（P＜0．01）。活动期与缓解期Th1数和Th1/Th2比值比较,增加趋势,但差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。患者Th1和Th2细胞数与Th1/Th2比值与疾病活动指数SIEDAI、ANA和C3补体之间没有相关性（P＞0．05）。结论“狼疮性肾炎有强的Th1优势。     

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病中Th1/Th2细胞平衡

辅助性T细胞(Th)可以根据其分泌的细胞因子而分为Th1和Th2两种不同的亚群,Th1/Th2失衡在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的发病机制中起重要作用.Graves病可能以Th2型细胞因子介导的体液免疫为主,桥本甲状腺炎可能以Th1型细胞因子介导的细胞免疫为主,而Th1/Th2细胞因子共同参与Graves突眼的形成.     

趋化因子对Th1/Th2免疫平衡的影响

近年来 ,随着免疫学和分子生物学的发展 ,人们发现多种趋化因子及其受体是调节免疫应答的重要分子 ,它们的存在和变化对Th1 /Th2细胞的分化和极化具有重要作用。现就趋化因子对Th1 /Th2细胞免疫平衡的影响作一综述     

重症胸部创伤大鼠Th1／Th2平衡变化的实验研究

目的检测重症胸部创伤大鼠受伤后7d外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）培养上清液γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素4（IL-4）水平,研究其Th1、Th2细胞功能的动态变化。方法雄性SD大鼠20只随机分为对照组与创伤组,创伤组大鼠进行胸部撞击建立重症胸部创伤模型,对照组进行假撞击。分别于受伤前及受伤后第1、3、5、7天取全血各1．0ml,分离PBMC体外培养72h,收集上清液冻存,ELISA法集中检测IFN-γ、IL-4浓度。结果两组大鼠伤后IFN-γ、IL-4水平均迅速升高,但创伤组IFN-γ水平低于对照组,而IL-4水平高于对照组。两组大鼠IFN-γ上升倍数／IL-4上升倍数（△IFN-γ/△IL-4）比值伤后均升高,创伤组在伤后第3天恢复1．0左右、并继续降低至0．34,对照组伤后7d内始终高于1．0。结论轻度创伤可以诱导大鼠Th1细胞功能加强;重症创伤大鼠在伤后早期以Th1细胞功能增强为主,创伤急性期后随着Th2细胞功能持续增强、Th1细胞功能受到抑制,发生Th1细胞向Th2细胞的漂移。     

类风湿关节炎患者Th1／Th2细胞平衡的研究

目的 在单个细胞水平上研究类风湿关节炎（ＲＡ）患者滑液及外周血中Ｔｈ１／Ｔｈ２细胞平衡状态及其与疾病活动程度的关系。方法 用酶联免疫斑点法（ＥＬＩＳＰＯＴ）检测ＲＡ患者滑液单个核细胞（ＳＦＭＣ）和外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）的细胞内细胞因子ＩＦＮ－γ和ＩＬ－４的表达情况结果 ＲＡ患者ＳＦＭＣ中Ｔｈ１、Ｔｈ１／Ｔｈ２比值与自身及正常人ＰＢＭＣ相比显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,Ｔｂ１／Ｔｈ２比值与患者Ｓｒ     

肺纤维化与Th1／Th2失衡

肺纤维化是以肺部炎症导致肺泡持续性损伤及细胞外基质(ECM)的反复破坏、修复、重建和过度沉积，正常肺组织结构破坏为病理特点的一类疾病，是许多病因不同的肺问质疾病的共同结局，包括特发性肺纤维化(IPF)、尘肺、过敏性肺炎、药物和放射线导致的纤维化及与胶原血管病有关的致纤维化肺泡炎等。由于目前该病的发病机制尚不完全明确，故而传统药物的治疗效果不能令人满意。近年来，有学提出，Th1／Th2失衡可能在肺纤维化的发病过程中起重要作用，这为肺纤维化发病机制和治疗方法的研究指出了新的方向。     

Th1／Th2细胞与自身免疫性疾病

Ｔｈ１／Ｔｈ２细胞与自身免疫性疾病刘俊铎综述刘志红审校关键词ＣＤ４＋细胞Ｔｈ１／Ｔｈ２细胞自身免疫性疾病中图法分类号Ｒ５９３．２人们根据ＣＤ４＋细胞产生的细胞因子的不同把它分为Ｔｈ１细胞和Ｔｈ２细胞。Ｔｈ１型细胞因子主要包括ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ－α、ＩＮ...     

扩张型心肌病与Th1／Th2细胞因子失衡的研究

目的探讨Th1／Th2细胞因子失衡与扩张型心肌病（DCM）之间的关系。方法用RT—PCR方法检测DCM患者与健康对照者外周血单个核细胞中IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10mRNA的表达水平,比较DCM患者与健康对照者之间IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4及IL-10mRNA的表达变化之间的关系。结果DCM组Th1／Th2比值明显低于对照组（P均〈0．05）,IL-4和IL-10表达较对照组明显增高,而IFN-γ和IL-2较对照组表达明显降低。结论DCM组存在Th1细胞向Th2细胞漂移现象,Th2细胞介导的体液免疫应答在DCM发病机理中起优势作用。     

丹参酮ⅡA通过调节Th1/Th2平衡改善大鼠自身免疫性心肌炎的机制研究

目的：探讨丹参酮ⅡA通过调节Th1/Th2平衡改善大鼠自身免疫性心肌炎(experimental autoimmune myocarditis,EAM)的机制。方法：选取6周龄Lewis大鼠,随机分为对照组、EAM造模组（A组）、EAM造模+低剂量丹参酮IIA治疗组（B组）、EAM造模+高剂量丹参酮IIA治疗组（C组）。初次免疫后21天,超声心动图检测大鼠心功能;处死大鼠,取静脉血用于血清IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10检测;取心脏称重,计算心脏重量/体重比值,并行组织病理学检查;取脾脏,流式分析脾脏Th细胞分化情况。结果：（1）组织形态学结果：A组大鼠心脏重量/体重比值、病理学评分较对照组显著升高,B、C组大鼠较A组有不同程度下降（P<0.05）;（2）超声心动图检测结果：A组大鼠左室收缩末内径（LVEDs）、左室舒张末内径（LVEDd）、室间隔厚度（IVS）、左室后壁厚度（LVPW）较对照组显著增加,左室短轴缩短率（LVFS）显著降低（P<0.05）,C组大鼠LVEDs、LVEDd、IVS、LVPW均较A组显著降低,LVFS显著增加（P<0.05）;（3）脾脏Th细胞分化情况：A组大鼠脾脏Th1细胞比例及Th1/Th2比值均较对照组显著升高（P<0.05）;给予丹参酮ⅡA治疗后,Th1细胞比例及Th1/Th2比值较A组显著降低,Th2细胞比例显著升高（P<0.05）,且呈现剂量依赖性;（4）血清Th1/Th2细胞因子检测：A组大鼠血清Th1型细胞因子（IL-2、IFN-γ）水平较对照组显著升高,Th2型细胞因子（IL-4、IL-10）水平显著降低（P<0.05）;给予丹参酮ⅡA治疗,B、C组大鼠血清IL-2、IFN-γ水平较A组显著降低, IL-4、IL-10水平显著升高（P<0.05）,且呈现剂量依赖性。结论：丹参酮ⅡA可通过上调Th2细胞比例,维持Th1/Th2细胞平衡,从而改善大鼠自身免疫性心肌炎所致的心肌损伤,恢复心脏功能。     

强直性脊柱炎患者外周血Th1／Th2淋巴细胞类型

目的 通过检测强直性脊柱炎患者外周血中ＣＤ４＾＋和ＣＤ８＾＋Ｔ淋巴细胞分泌细胞因子的情况,探讨Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群与强直性脊柱炎发病的关系。方法 建立三色流式细胞分析法对强直性脊柱炎患者和健康志愿者外周血中淋巴细胞的胞内细胞因子（ＩＦＮγ、ＩＬ－４）和表面抗原（ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８）进行分析。同时采用夹心酶联免疫吸附法测定血清中ＩＦＮγ和ＩＬ－４的水平。结果 无论是ＣＤ４＾＋还是ＣＤ８＾＋ＡＴ淋巴细胞,分泌Ｉ     

The Effect of Safranal on Th1/Th2 Cytokine Balance

Background: Several biological and medical benefits of Saffron, Crocus sativus (Iridaceae), have been demonstrated. However, mechanisms of actions for purified constituents are greatly unknown. Objective: To examine the effects of Safranal, a main constituent of Saffron stigma, on cell viability and cytokine profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were examined. Methods: Effects of Safranal at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mM concentrations were evaluated on cell viability and production of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-10 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) from non-stimulated and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated PBMCs, compared to 0.1 mM dexamethasone and saline. Results: In stimulated cells, different concentrations of Safranal caused significant decrease of lymphocytes viability (p<0.001 for all concentrations). All concentrations of Safranal inhibited IFN-γ and IL-10 secretion in stimulated cells (p<0.01). In addition, high concentration of Safranal significantly decreased cell viability of non-stimulated PBMCs (p<0.001). The effect of 1 mM Safranal on IL-4 secretion was less than dexamethasone (p<0.05). Safranal showed a stimulatory effect on IFN-γ secretion in non-stimulated cells. The IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio at the presence of two higher Safranal concentrations both in non-stimulated and stimulated cells were significantly higher than those of control and PHA stimulated groups, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: The IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio increases in the presence of Safranal which indicates an effect on Th1/Th2 balance. Therefore, Safranal may have therapeutic effects in inflammatory diseases associated with Th1/Th2 imbalance.     

rMBP-NAP Suppresses OXA-induced Allergic Dermatitis by Regulating the Th1/Th2 Balance

Background: Allergic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease that arises from abnormal T lymphocyte activation. A recombinant fusion protein comprising Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein and maltose binding protein, rMBP-NAP, has been documented as a novel immunomodulatory TLR agonist.Objective: To explore the effect of the rMBP-NAP on the OXA-induced AD in a mouse model and clarify the possible action mechanism.Methods: The AD animal model was induced by repeated administration of oxazolone (OXA) in BALB/c mice. H&E staining was used to analyze the ear epidermis thickness and the number of infiltrating inflammatory cells. TB staining was used to detect mast cell infiltration in the ear tissue. ELISA was used to analyze the secretion of cytokines IL-4  and IFN-γ in peripheral blood. qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-13 in ear tissue.Results: OXA induced the establishment of an AD model. After the rMBP-NAP treatment, the thickness of the ear tissue and the number of mast cells infiltrated in AD mice reduced, and the serum and ear tissue levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ increased, but the ratio of IFN-γ (rMBP-NAP group)/IL-4 (rMBP-NAP group) was greater than the ratio of IFN-γ (sensitized group)/IL-4 (sensitized group).Conclusion: The rMBP-NAP improved the disease symptoms including skin lesions in AD, alleviated the inflammation in ear tissue, and restored the Th1/2 balance by inducing a shift from the Th2 to the Th1 response. The results of our work support the use of rMBP-NAP as an immunomodulator for AD treatment in future investigations.     

The balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis

It has been suggested that rheumatoid inflammation is mediated by activated pro-inflammatory T helper type I cells. In contrast, immunomodulatory T helper type 2 cells and their cytokines, in particular interleukin-4, are rarely found. This chapter reviews the concept of the Th1/Th2 dichotomy and summarizes the functions of the signature cytokines of the T helper subsets. We discuss current knowledge of the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and its related animal model, collagen induced arthritis, with regard to the Th1/Th2 paradigm. The accumulating evidence for a T helper type 1 driven inflammation and the implications for future therapy are delineated.     

Th1/Th2细胞因子与蠕虫感染

蠕虫感染后引起复杂的免疫应答中辅助性T细胞处于核心位置,Th1/Th2细胞分泌的细胞因子在蠕虫感染后表达地位的不同,将决定蠕虫感染的发展与转归。本文对Th1/Th2细胞因子在蠕虫感染中的表达研究进展予以综述。     

Activated rat hepatic stellate cells influence Th1/Th2 profile in vitro

AIM: To investigate the effects of activated rat hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) on rat Th1/Th2 profile in vitro.METHODS: Growth and survival of activated HSCs and CD4+ T lymphocytes cultured alone or together was assessed after 24 or 48 h. CD4+ T lymphocytes were then cultured with or without activated HSCs for 24 or 48 h and the proportion of Th1 [interferon(IFN)-γ+] and Th2 [interleukin(IL)-4+] cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Th1 and Th2 cell apoptosis was assessed after 24 h of co-culture using a caspase-3 staining procedure. Differentiation rates of Th1 and Th2 cells from CD4+ T lymphocytes that were positive for CD25 but did not express IFN-γ or IL-4 were also assessed after 48 h of co-culture with activated HSCs. Galectin-9 expression in HSCs was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. ELISA was performed to assess galectin-9 secretion from activated HSCs.RESULTS: Co-culture of CD4+ T lymphocytes with activated rat HSCs for 48 h significantly reduced the proportion of Th1 cells compared to culture-alone conditions(-1.73% ± 0.71%; P 0.05), whereas the proportion of Th2 cells was not altered; the Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly decreased(-0.44 ± 0.13; P 0.05). In addition, the level of IFN-γ in Th1 cells wasdecreased(-65.71 ± 9.67; P 0.01), whereas the level of IL-4 in Th2 cells was increased(82.79 ± 25.12; P 0.05) by co-culturing, as measured by mean fluorescence intensity by flow cytometry. Apoptosis rates in Th1(12.27% ± 0.99%; P 0.01) and Th2(1.71% ± 0.185%; P 0.01) cells were increased 24 h after co-culturing with activated HSCs; the Th1 cell apoptosis rate was significantly higher than in Th2 cells(P 0.01). Galectin-9 protein expression was significantly decreased in HSCs only 24 h after coculturing(P 0.05) but not after 48 h. Co-culture for 48 h significantly increased the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells; however, the increase in the proportion of Th2 cells was significantly higher than that of Th1 cells(1.85% ± 0.48%; P 0.05).CONCLUSION: Activated rat HSCs lower the Th1/Th2 profile, inhibiting the Th1 response and enhancing the Th2 response, and this may be a novel pathway for liver fibrogenesis.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者Th1/Th2淋巴细胞类型与疾病活动指数的相关性

目的 探讨Th1/Th2细胞类型与疾病活动指数之间的关系。方法 利用流式细胞分析法对系统性红狼疮（SLE）患者无尿蛋白组21例,有尿蛋白组27例和健康志愿者15名外周血中淋巴细胞的胞内细胞因子（INF－γ,IL-4）和表面抗原（CD4）进行分析。结果 SLE患者组和无尿蛋白组与健康志愿者Th1/Th2细胞比值无显明区别（P＞0．05）,但SLE蛋尿白组患者Th1/Th2细胞比值显著高于SLE无尿蛋白组和健康志愿组（P＜0．05）。尿蛋白组患者Th1和Th1/Th2比值与疾病活动指数之间呈明显的正相关（P＜0．05）。结论 虽然SLE被认为是一种Th2细胞占优势的疾病,Th1/Th2的比值目前研究未发现这些细胞为优势;相反,在SLE患者中狼疮肾炎有强的Th1优势,其程度与疾病活动性密切相关。     

Th1/Th2细胞平衡偏移与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的相关性研究

目的 明确白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、IL-5与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)发生的相关性,探讨Th1/Th2细胞平衡在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病发病中的作用.方法 选取2007年8月至2008年5月南昌大学第三附属医院内分泌科45例Graves病(GD)、30例桥本甲状腺炎(HT)患者,同时选取20名健康体检者作为对照组.采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)检测患者和对照组血清中Th1型细胞因子IL-2扣Th2型细胞因子IL-5并进行统计学分析.结果 (1)GD患者血清中IL-5明显高于HT组和对照组(P<0.05),而IL-2与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(2)HT患者血清IL-2明显高于GD组和对照组(P<0.05),而IL-5与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(3)HT患者Th1型细胞因子IL-2与甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TCAb)和甲状腺微粒体抗体(TMAb)呈显著正相关(r=0.517,P<0.05;r=0.475,P<0.01).结论 Th1/Th2细胞免疫平衡在HT患者中以Th1细胞免疫占优势为主,在GD患者中以Th2细胞免疫占优势为主.     

小儿肾母细胞瘤Th1／Th2类细胞因子的漂移及临床意义

采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）技术,检测正常儿及肾母细胞瘤患儿肿瘤组织,手术前后外周血Th1/Th2类细胞因子的基因表达,观察肾母细胞瘤患儿手术前后Th1/Th2类细胞因子的表达和漂移情况,结果显示肾母细胞瘤患儿外周血,肿瘤组织均出现明显的Th2类细胞因子偏移趋势,手术和化疗可促进Th1/Th2平衡向Th1漂移,肾母细胞瘤患者体内Th2类细胞因子的强势表达,可能与肾母细胞瘤的发生发展有关,Th1/Th2平衡漂移是观察机体抗肿瘤免疫动态变化的良好指标。     

狼疮肾炎患者血清白细胞介素-18的升高与Th1/Th2型细胞的失衡

目的测定狼疮肾炎（LN）患者血清白细胞介素-18（IL-18）的水平以及外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）内干扰素（IFN）-γ／IL-4的表达情况，探讨LN患者体内Th1/Th2型细胞的平衡情况以及IL-18与Th1/Th2型免疫反应的相关性。方法酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）方法检测血清IL-18的表达：佛波酯（PMA）和离子霉素联合刺激培养，流式细胞术从单个核细胞水平检测细胞内IFN-γ/IL-4的表达情况。结果LN患者血清IL-18的水平显著高于对照组（P=0．000）；Th1型（IFN—γ^＋）细胞百分率明显高于对照组（P=0．009），Th1/Th2型细胞的比率（IFN-γ／IL-4^＋）明显增高（P=0．005）；Th1/Th2型细胞比率与尿蛋白定量（24h）呈明显正相关；Th1型细胞百分率与血清IL-18的水平呈明显的正相关。结论LN患者血清IL-18水平升高，并与Th1/Th2型免疫反应失衡有关，IL-18可以促进LN患者体内Th1型免疫反应增强。从而加重蛋白尿的发展。削弱Th1型免疫反应重建Th1/Th2型免疫反应的平衡，理论上可能会阻止狼疮肾炎的发病。     

Th1/Th2及Tc1/Tc2在胃癌患者外周血中的漂移及意义

目的: 研究胃癌患者外周血Th1/Th2及Tc1/Tc2漂移状况,并分析其免疫预存状态.方法: 2008-10-21/2008-12-05中国人民解放军总医院普通外科新入院的术前胃癌患者外周血样本25例,同期健康献血员正常对照组外周血样本25例.四色流式细胞仪检测胃癌患者及正常对照人群外周血激活的淋巴细胞内细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-4),并分析Th1/Th2及Tc1/Tc2漂移状态.结果: 胃癌患者外周血Th1/PBL、Tc1/PBL、Th1/Th2、Tc1/Tc2比值均较正常对照组明显减少(6.242%±4.078% vs 3.047%±1.710%,14.171%±8.984% vs 6.393%±5.235%,3.127%±3.633% vs 1.172%±0.300%,17.200%±25.930% vs 3.252%±8.732%,均P＜0.01).结论: 胃癌患者Th1及Tc1细胞比例减少,并出现Th1/Th2及Tc1/Tc2漂移现象,提示胃癌患者预存免疫状态低下,机体抗肿瘤免疫功能抑制.