急性脊髓损伤外科干预时机对神经功能恢复影响的系统评价

目的 :系统评价不同手术时机对急性脊髓损伤患者神经功能恢复的影响。方法 :计算机检索Pub Med、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、ISI Web of knowledge、中国生物医学文献数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)及万方数据库中不同手术时机干预治疗急性脊髓损伤的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时间均从建库至2017年2月。结果:纳入4个RCT,共156例急性脊髓损伤的患者。在不完全性脊髓损伤患者当中早期手术可以改善患者ASIA运动功能评分[MD=3.29,95%CI(-7.90,14.49),P=0.56],Frankel评分总体改善率[OR=7.65,95%CI(2.69,21.74),P=0.000 1];在完全性脊髓损伤患者当中早期手术与晚期手术对患者Frankel评分总体改善率影响不明显[OR=4.88,95%CI(0.74,32.09),P=0.10];早期手术与晚期手术对住院时间[MD=-3.4,95%CI(-8.12,1.32),P=0.16],死亡率[OR=1.07,95%CI(0.21,5.56),P=0.93],褥疮发生率[OR=1.07,95%CI(0.17,6.69),P=0.94]差异无统计学意义。结论 :早期手术在一定程度上能促进患者脊髓功能恢复,也并没有带来更多的并发症,未来仍需要进行高质量的随机对照研究来验证这个结论。     

Prognostic factors and optimal management for patients with cervical spinal cord injury without major bone injury

Background

Even though the number of patients with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) without major bone injury is increased, the treatment with either surgery or conservative measures remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess its prognostic value in the prediction of useful motor recovery and to clarify whether the patients should be treated surgically are present.

颈椎过伸伤患者MRI椎前高信号、椎管矢状径与神经功能的相关性分析

目的:探讨成人无骨折脱位型颈椎过伸伤患者MRI椎前高信号、椎管矢状径与神经功能的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2010年9月至2013年12月收治的无骨折脱位型颈椎过伸伤患者病例资料100例,根据MRI T2序列有无椎前高信号分为椎前高信号组和无椎前高信号组,其中椎前高信号组39例,男31例,女8例,年龄21～83岁,平均(58.10±14.78)岁;无椎前高信号组61例,男49例,女12例,年龄32～77岁,平均(55.05±10.36)岁。通过MRI正中矢状面测量下颈椎各椎间盘层面椎管矢状径,并记录年龄、性别、受伤原因及椎管狭窄节段数;采用美国脊髓损伤协会(American Spinal Injury Association,ASIA)神经功能分级及运动评分对神经功能进行评价。 结果:ASIA运动评分椎前高信号组为52.56±31.97,无椎前高信号组为67.70±22.83,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.013);椎前高信号组患者的髓内高信号发生率明显高于无椎前高信号组(P=0.006);两组患者ASIA运动评分与损伤节段椎间盘层面椎管矢状径存在正相关(P=0.003),且椎管狭窄节段越多,ASIA分级越差。结论:成人无骨折脱位颈椎过伸伤MRI椎前高信号、椎管矢状径均与伤后神经功能相关,而存在多节段椎管狭窄的患者更易遭受严重的颈髓损伤。     

下颈椎外伤后脊髓继发性损伤的防治策略

目的：探讨和总结下颈椎外伤后脊髓继发性损伤的防治策略。方法：2004年4月至2009年4月对67例下颈椎外伤后脊髓继发性损伤的患者进行回顾性分析,其中男47例,女20例;年龄18～69岁,平均40.5岁。入院后采取甲基强的松龙(MP)和神经节苷酯(GM-1)等药物应用、早期手术减压、术后高压氧的治疗等措施预防脊髓继发性损伤。神经功能依据Frankel分级,疗效评定采用总恢复率和有用恢复率。总恢复率为Frankel分级升高1级及1级以上者,有用恢复率为患者恢复到可以行走或可以扶拐行走,但残留某种神经功能障碍者,指Frankel分级D和E 级。结果：63例获得随访,时间1～3年,平均1.5年。患者总恢复率为53.7%(36/67),有用恢复率为35.8%(24/67);死亡7例,加重1例。结论：及时应用甲基强的松龙(MP)、神经节苷酯(GM-1)等药物,早期手术减压,术后高压氧治疗可以有效地防治颈椎外伤后脊髓的继发性损伤;术前减少不必要搬动,术中谨慎操作也可减少医源性脊髓损伤的发生。     

Book Reviews

Abstract

Background/Objective: The use of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor score as an outcome measure requires metrological study. This paper tests the hypothesis that a more accurate representation of motor function is obtained using separate upper and lower extremity scales rather than combining all 20 key muscle ratings into a single ASIA motor score.

Methods: We analyzed archived data from 6,116 ASIA motor scale records extracted from the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center Database.

Results: The hypothesis that separate scales more accurately represent motor function than a single motor scale was supported (X²(_indifference)= 2,596; df= 1; P < 0.0001). Two scales account for 87% of the variance, whereas a single scale accounts for only 82%. Lower extremity function is well represented in both solutions; however, upper extremity function is accurately represented only with the use of 2 separate scales.

Conclusions: The use of components of the ASIA standards for other than classification of spinal cord injury needs study. Several lines of study converge to provide strong support for the existence of 2 distinctive dimensions underlying the ASIA motor scale. The use of a single motor score in spinal cord injury research should be questioned and justified to the extent possible. The use of upper and lower extremity scales will lead to a reduction in measurement error when the motor score is used as an outcome measure. The confirmation of 2 separate dimensions underlying the ASIA motor score will enable more accurate representation of motor function in spinal cord injury research.     

Apolipoprotein E s4 Allele and Outcomes of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

Background/Objective: To test the hypothesis that apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms are associated with outcomes after spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study, from rehabilitation admission to discharge.

Participants: Convenience sample of 89 persons with cervical SCI (C3-C8) treated from 1995 through 2003. Median age was 30 years (range 14-70); 67 were male (75%) and 83 were white (93%).

Main Outcome Measures: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor and sensory scores, ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS), time from injury to rehabilitation admission, and length of stay (LOS) in rehabilitation.

Results: Subjects with an APOE s4 allele (n = 15; 17%) had significantly less motor recovery during rehabilitation than did individuals without an s4 allele (median 3.0 vs 5.5; P < 0.05) and a longer rehabilitation LOS (median 106 vs 89 days; P = 0.04), but better sensory-pinprick recovery (median 5.0 vs 2.0; P = 0.03). There were no significant differences by APOE s4 allele status in sensory-light touch recovery, likelihood of improving AIS Grade, or time from injury to rehabilitation admission.

Conclusions: APOE ε4 allele was associated with differences in neurological recovery and longer rehabilitation LOS. Genetic factors may be among the determinants of outcome after SCI and warrant further study.     

颈髓挥鞭样损伤的回顾性研究

目的通过对临床资料的回顾性分析,探讨颈髓挥鞭样损伤病例手术的必要性。方法根据治疗方式和损伤后MR I所示脊髓受压程度的不同,将2004年4月～2006年4月收治的36例过伸性颈椎损伤患者分成3组：非手术治疗组（8例）、受压不明显者手术组（10例）、受压明显者手术组（18例）;比较3组间治疗前后的ASIA评分及Frankel分级改变。结果所有患者获得12～24个月随访,神经功能行ASIA评分及Frankel分级,手术组均高于非手术治疗组（P〈0.05）。结论过伸性颈脊髓损伤尽早手术减压是最大限度恢复神经功能的关键。凡存在明显神经功能障碍、MR I提示有颈髓损伤,无论是否有明显脊髓受压者都应早期手术。手术可避免因颈椎管高压和颈椎不稳造成的继发性脊髓损伤,保证其远期疗效。     

自发性椎管内硬膜外血肿的影像学及临床特征

目的分析自发性椎管内硬膜外血肿(SSEH)的影像学特征及临床治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2008年6月—2018年9月泰州市人民医院脊柱外科收治的SSEH患者临床资料,分析其影像学表现。采用硬膜外脊髓压迫(ESCC)分级评估硬膜外占位对硬膜囊及脊髓的压迫程度,美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)分级评估神经功能,疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分评估疼痛情况。结果本研究共纳入12例患者,年龄25 ～ 74岁,中位年龄64.5岁。MRI显示SSEH大多呈梭形、椭圆形,且多位于脊髓侧后方或后方的硬膜外腔。血肿最多发于颈段(4例)或颈胸段(4例)。血肿累及1 ～ 4个节段,平均2.6个节段。T1WI MRI上7例表现为等信号,4例表现为高信号,1例表现为低信号;T2WI MRI上10例表现为高/混杂信号,2例表现为低信号。血肿压迫脊髓程度(ESCC分级)与患者神经功能损伤程度(AISA分级)密切相关(r=0.85,P 0.01)。7例患者行手术治疗,其中5例术后神经功能有所恢复,2例术前ASIA分级为A级的患者末次随访时仍为A级;5例采用非手术治疗,治疗后神经功能均有所恢复,VAS评分下降。结论 MRI是诊断SSEH的最佳检查方法。根据患者神经功能损伤及进展情形,可选择非手术治疗或尽早手术治疗。     

陈旧性颈髓损伤的外科治疗

目的：观察颈椎减压融合手术对陈旧性颈椎骨折脱位引起的颈脊髓或神经根损伤的治疗效果。方法：1999年1月～2003年12月手术治疗因颈椎骨折脱位合并不同程度颈脊髓损伤后1个月以上的患者58例，总结临床资料，比较手术前后感觉运动功能的改善程度。结果：平均随访27个月。术前ASIA分级A级的7例患者术后上肢有1～2个神经根功能改善者3例，下肢出现肌肉活动功能改善者2例：术前B级的11例患者术后8例上肢活动有改善，6例出现下肢功能改善；术前C级6例患者术后达D级3例，E级3例：术前D级34例患者术后达到E级24例，10例仍为D级。所有患者术后ASIA的感觉及运动评分较术前明显提高（P〈0．05）。结论：减压融合手术对陈旧性颈椎骨折脱位引起的颈脊髓损伤或神经根损伤仍是有效的治疗方法，脊髓功能的恢复与脊髓损伤程度有关。     

下颈椎损伤改良Moore分类的临床应用研究

目的：探讨改良Moore分类法在下颈椎损伤中的临床应用。方法：2006年8月至2010年3月收治下颈椎损伤患者200例,男165例,女35例;年龄19-88岁,平均52岁。应用下颈椎损伤改良Moore分类全面地描述下颈椎损伤的状态,颈椎损伤严重程度（稳定性）量化评分与有否神经症状表现相结合,根据骨折类型和稳定性、脊髓或神经根受压损伤情况、韧带损伤后的稳定程度及其他参考因素进行分类诊治,选择治疗方法。其中伴有脊髓神经损伤者130例（ASIA评分：A级6例,B级13例,C级43例,D级68例）,不伴有脊髓神经损伤者70例。对伴有脊髓神经损伤的下颈椎损伤患者,根据ASIA评分进行疗效评定;对不伴有脊髓神经损伤的患者,根据影像学检查对颈椎的序列和高度进行观察。结果：前、左、右侧和后柱均损伤35例;前柱损伤33例;前、后柱均损伤90例;前、左侧和后柱均损伤5例;前、右侧和后柱均损伤3例;前、左侧和右侧柱均损伤3例;前、右侧柱损伤2例;前、左侧柱损伤5例;后柱损伤12例;左侧柱损伤7例;右侧柱损伤5例。200例患者中手术治疗98例,非手术治疗102例（其中可以手术而患者家属要求非手术治疗39例）。完全性脊髓损伤患者中3例行手术后脊髓功能无恢复迹象,ASIA分级无变化,但其肢体麻木、疼痛等症状有不同程度的缓解,另3例未手术患者脊髓功能及肢体症状均无变化。不完全性脊髓损伤患者手术后脊髓功能均有一定程度恢复,ASIA评分平均提高1．2级。未手术的不完全性脊髓损伤患者非手术治疗后ASIA评分平均提高0.3级。不伴有脊髓神经损伤者手术后经影像学检查显示均恢复了颈椎的正常序列和高度。结论：根据改良Moore分类法,稳定性量化评分值大于等于4分有下颈椎不稳可能,需要手术治疗,分值越大,手术指征越明显,若伴有脊髓或神经根受压损伤表现者则有绝对手术指征。稳定性量化评分为3分且伴有脊髓或神经根受压损伤表现者一般也有手术指征。稳定性量化评分为3分不伴有脊髓或神经根受压损伤表现者或3分以下者均不需要手术治疗。应用改良Moore分类法有利于下颈椎损伤患者的临床规范化、标准化诊治,以获得较满意的疗效。     

非手术治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤预后的多因素分析

目的 :探讨影响非手术治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤预后的因素。方法 :回顾性分析2009年1月至2012年12月接受非手术治疗的122例无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤患者的临床资料,其中男84例,女38例;平均年龄(52.37±13.27)岁(18~83岁)。选择年龄、性别、受伤原因、受伤至治疗时间、脊髓损伤ASIA分级、MRI脊髓损伤类型、脊髓损伤范围、有效颈椎管率、椎间盘突出Pfirrmann分级、椎间盘突出节段、椎间盘韧带复合体损伤、大剂量甲基强的松龙冲击治疗12个可能对非手术治疗预后产生影响的因素,应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,研究其对预后的影响。结果:单因素分析显示MRI脊髓损伤类型、脊髓损伤范围、有效颈椎管率、椎间盘突出Pfirrmann分级、椎间盘突出节段及脊髓损伤ASIA分级均对预后有显著影响(P均0.05)。进一步行多因素分析,按照其作用强度,影响预后的主要因素依次为:MRI脊髓损伤类型、脊髓损伤范围、有效颈椎管率、椎间盘突出Pfirrmann分级、脊髓损伤ASIA分级(P均0.05)。结论 :影响非手术治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤预后的主要因素是MRI脊髓损伤类型及范围,同时与有效椎管率、椎间盘突出程度及脊髓损伤ASIA分级相关。对于选择非手术治疗需谨慎,仅适用MRI检查提示脊髓信号无改变或水肿程度轻且范围局限者,其余则建议积极手术治疗。     

Patient selection for clinical trials: the reliability of the early spinal cord injury examination

Patients with incomplete spinal cord injuries can spontaneously recover motor function. Because of this, phase I and II trials of invasive interventions for acute spinal cord injury will likely involve neurologically complete injuries. It is therefore important to reliably identify complete injuries as early as possible. We examined the reliability of the early examination in motor complete spinal cord injuries by retrospectively analyzing the stability of baseline neurological status determined within 2 days of injury in 103 subjects. Baseline neurological status was compared to neurological status at follow-up, preferably within one week (101 of 103 subjects). When available (n = 68), neurological status at 1 year or later was also compared. Overall, 6.2% (5/81) of motor complete, sensory complete (ASIA A) subjects converted to motor complete, sensory incomplete status (ASIA B) between the initial and follow-up assessments; however, none exhibited motor recovery (ASIA C or D). At initial follow-up, 9.3% (4/43) of ASIA A subjects with factors affecting examination reliability were reclassified as ASIA B injuries compared to 2.6% (1/38) of ASIA A subjects without such factors. At year 1 or later, 6.7% (2/30) of ASIA A subjects without factors affecting exam reliability, converted to ASIA B status. None developed volitional motor function below the zone of injury. For subjects with factors affecting exam reliability, 17.4% (4/23) of ASIA A subjects converted to incomplete status and 13.0% (3/23) regained some motor function by one year or later (ASIA C or D). These data suggest that it is possible to identify within 48 h of injury, a subset of patients with a negligible chance for motor recovery who would be suitable candidates for future clinical trials of invasive treatments.     

ASIA脊髓损伤分类标准在颈髓损伤患者神经功能评定中的应用

目的：探讨ASIA标准在颈髓损伤患者神经功能评估中的意义。方法：应用ASIA标准对139例急性颈髓损伤患者的神经功能情况进行回顾性评估。结果：82例完全性脊髓损伤患者中5例逆转为不完全性损伤，77例无逆转者随访时ASIA感觉、运动评分有明显增加。57例不完全性颈髓损伤患者感觉、运动功能改善明显优于完全性损伤患者。结论：完全性颈髓损伤患者可能逆转为不完全性颈髓损伤，并且可有明显节段性神经功能恢复。在脊髓损伤神经功能评定中，ASIA感觉、运动评分具有重要意义。     

Prognostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting neurological outcomes in patients with acute thoracolumbar spinal cord injury

Utility of MRI for predicting neurological outcomes in acute cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is well established but its value in thoracolumbar (TL) SCI needs to be evaluated. Seventy-six patients operated for acute TL spinal injuries between January 2014 and March 2016 were reviewed to obtain demographic details, neurology at admission and at the final follow-up. Patients were divided based on the neurology at presentation into group 1 (ASIA A), group 2 (ASIA B, C, D) and group 3 (normal neurology). Preoperative MRI and CT scans were evaluated to measure parameters like osseus canal compromise, spinal cord compression (SCC), spinal cord swelling, length of cord swelling (LOS), length of edema (LOE) and the presence of hemorrhage. The MRI parameters were compared between the groups for their predictive value of neurology on admission and at the final follow-up. Of the 38 patients in group 1, six patients recovered by 1 grade, nine patients recovered by 2 grades and there was no recovery in 23 (60.5%) patients. Among group 2 patients, nine (40.9%) out of 22 recovered to ASIA E neurology. On univariate analysis, SCC (P = 0.009), LOS (P = 0.021) and length of edema (P = 0.002) were associated with complete neurological deficit at presentation. However, on multivariate regression analysis only LOE was significant (P = 0.007) in predicting neurology at admission and at follow-up. Greater the rostrocaudal LOE, worse is the neurology at presentation, and it is associated with poor neurological recovery at follow-up. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.     

前路与后路减压治疗胸腰段骨折合并脊髓损伤疗效的Meta分析

目的:系统评价前路减压(anterior decompression)与后路减压(posterior decompression)治疗胸腰段骨折合并脊髓损伤的疗效与安全性,为胸腰段骨折合并脊髓损伤的疗效提供更好的科学依据。方法:检索并收集前路减压与后路减压治疗胸腰段骨折合并脊髓损伤的比较性研究。通过计算机检索下列数据库:Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、CNKI、CBM、万方医学网。人工检索期刊Spine、European Spine Journal、The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery。2名脊柱外科专业人员按照既定的纳入与排除标准,独立筛选文献,并对各纳入的研究进行质量评价。使用Review Manager5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析,观察指标包括手术时间、术中出血量、术后触觉评分、术后运动评分、术后伤椎高度、住院时间、神经功能恢复、治疗有效率及术后并发症。结果:最终纳入15项随机对照试验(randomized controlled trail,RCT),共1360例患者,其中前路减压术680例,后路减压术680例。Meta分析结果示,与后路减压组相比,前路减压组手术时间长[MD=80.09,95%CI(36.83,123.34),P=0.0003],术中出血量多[MD=225.21,95%CI(171.07,279.35),P0.00001],住院时间长[MD=2.31,95%CI(0.32,4.31),P=0.02],术后触觉评分高[MD=13.39,95%CI(9.86,16.92),P0.00001],术后运动评分高[MD=13.15,95%CI(7.02,19.29),P0.0001],伤椎高度高[MD=1.36,95%CI(0.79,1.92),P0.00001],而两者在治疗有效率[OR=1.14,95%CI(0.56,2.31),P=0.72]、神经功能恢复[OR=0.87,95%CI(0.57,1.33),P=0.52]方面,差异均无统计学意义。结论:前路减压与后路减压相比,手术时间长,术中出血量多,住院时间长,术后触觉评分高,术后运动评分高,伤椎高度高,但是两者在治疗有效率、神经功能恢复方面差异无统计学意义。     

影响无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤手术疗效的多因素分析

目的：探讨影响无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤手术疗效的相关因素。方法：对2010年11月至2016年11月被诊断为无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤且接受手术治疗69例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中男37例,女32例;年龄32~76（51.6±7.3）岁。选择年龄、性别、脊髓损伤ASIA分级、MRI中脊髓损伤长度、Pavlov比值、后纵韧带骨化、椎间盘突出、MRI中脊髓损伤类型、受伤至手术时间、大剂量激素冲击治疗、手术时间、术中出血量12个因素,应用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行Logistic单因素和多因素分析,筛选出影响手术疗效的各因素,并确定主要影响因素。结果：单因素分析显示脊髓损伤ASIA分级、MRI中脊髓损伤长度、Pavlov比值、后纵韧带骨化、椎间盘突出、MRI中脊髓损伤类型均与手术疗效相关（P<0.05）。对筛选出的因素行多因素分析显示：按照作用强度,影响手术疗效的因素依次为MRI中脊髓损伤类型、MRI中脊髓损伤长度、Pavlov比值、脊髓损伤ASIA分级（P<0.05）。结论：影响无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤手术疗效的因素为MRI中脊髓损伤类型、MRI中脊髓损伤长度、Pavlov比值、脊髓损伤ASIA分级,其中最主要的因素为MRI中脊髓损伤类型和长度。相较于其他患者,术前MRI提示脊髓损伤类型为水肿+出血或者损伤长度≥ 45 mm的患者,手术疗效欠佳的风险更高,术前需与患者及家属充分沟通。     

肺癌转移瘤脊髓压迫症术后行走功能转归及其相关因素

目的探讨肺癌脊柱转移瘤脊髓压迫症(MSCC)术后运动功能转归及其相关影响因素。方法回顾性分析2010年1月—2015年5月于本院接受后路椎板切除椎管减压钉棒系统内固定术治疗的56例肺癌MSCC患者的临床资料。疼痛评估采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,脊髓功能评估采用Frankel分级,体力状态评估采用卡氏功能状态(KPS)量表。采用Logistic回归法分析肺癌组织学类型、术前行走状态(Frankel分级)、责任椎体有无病理性骨折、脊柱转移灶数目、发生运动功能损伤与手术间隔期、压迫节段、手术方式与术后行走状态的相关性。结果 VAS评分由术前(6.4±1.2)分降至术后1周(2.3±1.1)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。KPS评分由术前平均62分上升至术后70分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。56例患者术前可行走率(Frankel分级D级及以上)为46%(26/56),术后可行走率为75%(42/56)。术后4周31例患者Frankel分级提高,22例Frankel分级维持不变,3例Frankel分级下降。术后Frankel分级较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。回归分析示术后行走状态与术前行走状态和发生运动功能损伤与手术间隔期存在相关性。结论术前行走状态好、发生运动功能损伤与手术间隔期短的肺癌MSCC患者术后行走状态好,有症状的肺癌MSCC患者应当在减少并发症的前提下尽早接受手术治疗。     

脊髓前方减压与高压氧治疗胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓损伤

作者采用脊髓前方塌陷减压加高压氧治疗胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓损伤42例,单纯减压术22例。结果按Frankel分级,脊髓前方塌陷减压组恢复到D级以上者9例（平均改善2.1级）;脊髓前方塌陷减压加高压氧组恢复到D级以上者29例（平均改善2.8级）。作者认为脊髓前方塌陷减压加高压氧治疗脊髓损伤优于单纯塌陷减压术,高压氧具有促进神经功能恢复的作用。     

脊髓损伤后脑萎缩对运动功能恢复的影响

 目的 探讨脊髓损伤后脑部萎缩情况以及脑萎缩对患者运动功能恢复的影响。方法 回顾性分析2012年10月至2014年3月,25例接受脊柱内固定治疗的脊髓损伤患者完整随访资料,根据随访6个月后的运动功能恢复情况分为恢复较好组和恢复一般组,同时另选取25例年龄、性别相匹配的健康人作为对照组。恢复较好组10例,男6例,女4例;年龄24~55岁,平均（37.9±13.9）岁;入院时ASIA评级A级1例,B级4例,C级3例,D级2例;6个月后ASIA评级均有一个以上好转,其中A级0例,B级1例,C级3例,D级3例,E级3例;入院时ASIA运动评分为（71.9±16.3）分,6个月后为（85.5±1.5）分。恢复一般组15例,男8例,女7例;年龄24~55岁,平均（35.8±11.5）岁;入院时ASIA评级A级7例,B级3例,C级3例,D级2例）;6个月时ASIA评级未见明显改善;入院时ASIA运动评分为（71.9±16.3）分,6个月后为（85.5±1.5）分。对照组25名,男15名,女10名,年龄（36.5±9.3）岁。采用MRI扫描三组受试者脑部结构信息,运用CIVET软件及DtiStudio软件对比三组大脑灰质和白质萎缩的区域。运用Pearson相关性分析探讨脑皮层萎缩与患者运动功能恢复率之间的相关性。结果 与健康对照组相比,脊髓损伤恢复较好组和恢复一般组均存在双侧初级运动皮层的灰质萎缩,但恢复一般组的萎缩程度更广泛和严重,同时还出现右侧辅助运动区和运动前区的灰质萎缩。恢复较好组未见明显的脑内皮质脊髓束萎缩,而恢复一般组脑内皮质脊髓束初级运动皮层区域及内囊区域均出现白质萎缩。此外,脊髓损伤患者辅助运动区的灰质体积（r=0.75,P< 0.001）及初级运动皮层的白质体积（r=0.76,P< 0.001）与患者6个月后的运动恢复率存在正相关关系。结论 在脊髓损伤早期,运动感觉中枢即可出现明显的萎缩现象,同时这种萎缩对患者的运动功能恢复存在不利影响。     

Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele and outcomes of traumatic spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms are associated with outcomes after spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: Retrospective cohort study, from rehabilitation admission to discharge. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 89 persons with cervical SCI (C3-C8) treated from 1995 through 2003. Median age was 30 years (range 14-70); 67 were male (75%) and 83 were white (93%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor and sensory scores, ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS), time from injury to rehabilitation admission, and length of stay (LOS) in rehabilitation. RESULTS: Subjects with an APOE epsilon4 allele (n = 15; 17%) had significantly less motor recovery during rehabilitation than did individuals without an epsilon4 allele (median 3.0 vs 5.5; P < 0.05) and a longer rehabilitation LOS (median 106 vs 89 days; P = 0.04), but better sensory-pinprick recovery (median 5.0 vs 2.0; P= 0.03). There were no significant differences by APOE epsilon4 allele status in sensory-light touch recovery, likelihood of improving AIS Grade, or time from injury to rehabilitation admission. CONCLUSIONS: APOE epsilon4 allele was associated with differences in neurological recovery and longer rehabilitation LOS. Genetic factors may be among the determinants of outcome after SCI and warrant further study.