国人室上性心动过速的性别特征及逆行P波对其折返径路的诊断价值

对９０例室上性心动过速（ＳＶＴ）患者的性别特征与逆行Ｐ波（Ｐ＇）分析结果发现：国人隐匿性房室旁道（ＣＡＰ）多于房室结双通道（ＤＡＶＮＰ），前者以男性为主，后者以女性为主；约２／３的旁道位于左游离壁（ＬＦＷ），１／３位于间隔及右游离壁，ＬＦＷ男性多见，间隔旁道女性多见；房室折返性心动过速Ｐ＇明显且Ｒ－Ｐ＇≥７０ｍｓ，房室结折返性心动过速多无Ｐ＇或Ｒ－Ｐ＇＜７０ｍｓ；Ｐ＇和Ｒ－Ｐ＇对ＡＶＲＴ和ＡＶＮＲＴ的手术前后诊断符合率为１００％。提示：心电图正常者，ＳＶＴ时Ｐ＇明显的男性，多为ＣＡＰ，且多在ＬＦＷ；ＳＶＴ时无Ｐ＇的女性，多为ＤＡＶＮＰ。     

射频导管消融治疗儿童室上性心动过速100例体会

经射频导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）治疗３．５～１４岁儿童阵发性室上性心动过速（ＰＳＶＴ）１００例，探讨ＲＦＣＡ治疗儿童ＰＳＶＴ的安全性及疗效。１００例中房室折返性心动过速（ＡＶＲＴ）７９例，慢－快型房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）２１例。首次消融成功９６例（９６％）。失败４例均为ＡＶＲＴ。平均Ｘ线曝光时间１９ｍｉｎ。除２例ＡＶＮＲＴ放置导管过程中发生一过性ＩＩ度房室阻滞（ＡＶＢ）外，余术中和术后均无并发症发生。术后随访１个月～４．５年，ＡＶＲＴ复发１例，ＡＶＮＲＴ复发４例（占２１例的１９％），总复发率５％。结论：①ＲＦＣＡ治疗儿童ＰＳＶＴ安全、有效。②因儿童的ＡＶＮＲＴ消融慢径易出现ＡＶＢ且复发率高，应严格掌握手术适应证。③术中Ｘ线曝光时间应＜４０ｍｉｎ。     

显性预激综合征与房室折返性心动过速100例分析

分析１００例显性预激综合征食管心房调搏的资料，结果表明：①诱发顺向型房室折返性心动过速（Ｏ－ＡＶＲＴ）４９例，左侧旁道（ＡＰ）较右侧ＡＰ发生率高；逆向型房室折返性心动过速（Ａ－ＡＶＲＴ）３例，均见于右侧ＡＰ。前向与逆向的单次折返１３例。房室折返性心律失常总计６５例，占６５％。②Ｏ－ＡＶＲＴ的形成应具备旁道前传的有效不应期（ＡＰＡ－ＥＲＰ）＞房室结有效不应期（ＡＶＮ－ＥＲＰ）＞左房有效不应期（ＬＡ－ＥＲＰ）。Ａ－ＡＶＲＴ的形成，应具备ＡＶＮ－ＥＲＰ＞ＡＰＡ－ＥＲＰ＞ＬＡ－ＥＲＰ。③房室折返性心动过速的诱发以Ｓ_１Ｓ_２及分级递增法为最佳。     

房室结折返性心动过速伴窦性P波1例

患者男性,７０岁。阵发性心悸、胸闷１３年,加重５ｈ就诊。体检:ＢＰ１６／８ｋＰａ(１２０／６０ｍｍＨｇ),心界不大,心率１２５次／ｍｉｎ,心律齐,未闻及病理性杂音。以往心悸发作呈突发突止,持续约０．５ｈ。心电图(图１Ａ)示:心率１２５次／ｍｉｎ,ＱＲＳ时间０．０９ｓ,Ｒ＿Ｒ间期规律,Ⅱ导联有两个直立Ｐ波(箭头所示),Ｐ波与ＱＲＳ波群关系不固定。心电图诊断:房室结折返性心动过速(ＡＶＮＲＴ)伴窦性Ｐ波及房室交接区干扰现象。行食管心房调搏可中止ＡＶＮＲＴ发作。采用程控期前刺激、递减１０ｍｓ时,Ｓ２＿Ｒ间期由２６０ｍｓ突然…     

逆传型P波对鉴别房室及房室结折返性心动过速的临床意义

本文对经心脏电生理检查及ＲＦＣＡ证实的慢－快型房室结折返性心动过速（Ｓ－Ｆ型ＡＶＮＲＴ）及房室折返性心动过速（ＡＶＲＴ）与心动过速发作时逆传型Ｐ波（Ｐ′）进行对比分析,寻求对鉴别诊断的价值,以提前对ＡＶＮＲＴ与ＡＶＲＴ诊断的准确性,鉴别要点及治疗对策...     

房 房室结折返性心动过速时ST—T改变的临床意义

回顾性分析经ＥＰＳ及ＲＦＣＡ治疗的ＡＶＲＴ及ＡＶＮＲＴ发作时的体表１２导联心电图，以寻求对鉴别诊断的价值。结果 ＳＴ段压低≥２ｍｍ或Ｔ波倒置或两者均有在ＡＶＲＴ组为６２．８６％，而在ＡＶＮＲＴ组为２３．３３％，提示根据ＳＴ－Ｔ改变可作为ＡＶＲＴ和ＡＶＮＲＴ的１个有用指标。     

特发性左室室性心动过速信号平均心电图频谱分析

对１０例特发性左室室性心动过速（研究组）和１６例正常人（对照组）的信号平均心电图（ＳＡＥＣＧ）进行频谱分析，发现研究组的两个高频面积比ＡＲ＿１（２０～５０Ｈｚ／１０～５０Ｈｚ）和ＡＲ＿２（６０～１２０Ｈｚ／０～１２０Ｈｚ）显著高于对照组（２６０±７０ＶＳ２０５±３４；１６．１８±８．０７ＶＳ１０．４８±３．６０，Ｐ均＜０．０１），其中ＡＲ＿１和ＡＲ＿２分别有５例和４例高于对照组的最大值；而时域分析两组无１例晚电位阳性。结果提示：ＳＡＥＣＧ的频谱分析对于检测特发性左室室性心动过速优于时域分析，折返激动可能是此类患者的主要发病机理。     

房室结折返性心动过速的电生理研究

对７８例房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）进行分析。结果显示：７４例（９４９％）表现为慢－快型折返，３例为快－慢型折返，１例为慢－慢型折返；６８例（８７２％）诱发房室传导不连续曲线，１０例（１２８％）未诱发出不连续曲线；慢－快型ＡＶＮＲＴ平均ＶＡ间期为（１９±３１）ｍｓ，６例（８１％）合并２∶１房室阻滞。提示ＡＶＮＲＴ多为慢－快型折返，短ＶＡ间期和２∶１房室阻滞有助于诊断     

隐匿性房室旁道心电图定位特征探讨

回顾分析射频消融成功的３６５例隐匿性房室旁道患者房室折返性心动过速时的逆传Ｐ（Ｐ－）波特点，并比较Ｖ１及食管导联的ＲＰ－（ＲＰ－Ｖ１和ＲＰ－Ｅ）间期，以探讨隐匿性房室旁道的定位特征。结果显示：①Ｉ、ａＶＬ导联（简称Ⅰ－Ｌ导联）显示Ｐ－波倒置的１７５例均为左心旁道，其中左游离壁旁道１５５例、左后隔旁道２０例；Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ａＶＦ导联（简称Ⅱ－Ｆ导联）显示Ｐ－深倒７０例，其中左后隔旁道５０例中有３５例（７０．０％）、右后隔旁道３０例中有２５例（８３．３％）、右游离壁旁道６０例中有１０例（１６．７％），前两者与后者分别相比差异有显著性，Ｐ均＜０．００１。②在左心旁道中，ＲＰ－Ｖ１间期与ＲＰ－Ｅ间期相比（１６６．２±１７．８ｍｓｖｓ１１８．１±１９．２ｍｓ），差异有显著性，Ｐ＜０．０１；在右心旁道中，右前膈、右游离壁旁道ＲＰ－Ｖ１间期与ＲＰ－Ｅ分别相比（１０７．１±１８ｍｓｖｓ１５７．１±１８ｍｓ，１３２．５±１８．６ｍｓｖｓ１８９．２±２３．５ｍｓ），差异有显著性，Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ⅰ－Ｌ导联Ｐ－波倒置为左心旁道的重要表现，Ⅱ－Ｆ导联Ｐ－波深倒是后隔旁道的重要特点，两个导联上Ｐ－波均直立提示右前隔旁道，左心旁道ＲＰ－Ｅ间?     

食管心房调搏对儿童室上性心动过速的诊断

３４例阵发性室上性心动过速（室上速）患儿经食管心房调搏检查，诊断为房室结折返１３例。快慢径有效不应期分别为３３７±５９．４６ｍｓ和２７８±７１．２４ｍｓ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；传导时间分别为２２０±５０ｍｓ和３０８±５８．０９ｍｓ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。旁室旁道折返１９例，其中６例为隐性，旁道前向有效不应期２００～３２０ｍｓ，与年龄呈正相关，但无显著性。自律性房住心动过速２例。儿童ＳＶＴ以房室折返为主，测定ＰＶ１－ＰＥ时距及ＲＰＥ间期有助于鉴别折返性室上速的类型及旁道位置。房室结折返ＰＶ１－ＰＥ时距近于零，房室折返为３４．２９±８．５ｍｓ．左侧旁道为正值，右侧为负值。但ＰＶ１有时辨认不满意，有局限性。房室结折返ＲＰＥ间期＜７０ｍｓ．而旁路折返则＞７０ｍｓ。     

RP’间期在短RP室上性心动过速诊断中的作用

目的探讨RP’间期在鉴别顺向型房室折返性心动过速(O-AVRT)和慢快型房室结折返性心动过速(SF-AVNRT)中的作用。方法测量264例AVRT和156例AVNRT患者体表心电图的RP’间期,观察RP’间期不同截点诊断AVRT和SF-AVNRT的敏感性、特异性和阳性似然比。结果体表心电图RP’间期≤70 ms时诊断SF-AVNRT的敏感性、特异性和阳性似然比为73.1%,99.2%,91.37,RP’间期>100 ms时诊断O-AVRT的敏感性为62.1%,特异性和阳性似然比均较高(94.9%、12.13)。RP’间期在80~100 ms之间诊断O-AVRT的概率高于SF-AVNRT。结论体表心电图RP’间期值的测量对鉴别O-AVRT和SF-ANVRT很有价值。     

Comparative study of transesophageal atrial pacing and intracardiac electrophysiology in patients with supraventricular tachycardia

The diagnostic value of transesophageal atrial pacing in supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) has been discussed according to the comparison of the results of intracardiac and transesophageal electrophysiological study. Some quantitative criteria for the differential diagnosis of atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (RT-AVN) and atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (RT-AP) has been proposed. We found that RT-AVN and RT-AP could be separated by noninvasive transesophageal atrial pacing. We also suggested that induced SVT would be RT-AVN if (1) SR conductive curve was not continuous and SR jump greater than 70 ms, (2) AV interval less than 60 ms, and it would be RT-AP if (1) SR curve was continuous and there was no SR jump phenomenon, (2) VA interval greater than 100 ms. Thus, transesophageal atrial pacing was very helpful in distinguishing the mechanisms of SVT and could provide a simple clinical cardiac electrophysiological procedure in diagnosing SVTs.     

Differentiating atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia from tachycardia via concealed accessory pathway

Studies analyzing the diagnostic value of 12-lead electrocardiographic criteria differentiating slow-fast atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) from atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) due to concealed accessory pathway have shown inconsistent results. In 97 patients (50 with AVNRT, 47 with AVRT) 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded during sinus rhythm and tachycardia (QRS <120 ms). The ECGs were blinded for diagnosis and patient and analyzed independently by 2 electrophysiologists. The studied criteria differentiating AVNRT from AVRT included pseudo-r'/S, the presence of a retrograde P wave, RP interval, ST-segment depression >/=2 mm with the number and location of the affected leads, QRS amplitude, and cycle length alternans.     

短P—R综合征合并室上性心动过速的电生理观察

为探讨短Ｐ－Ｒ综合征合并室上性心动过速的电生理机制,对７例短Ｐ－Ｒ综合征合并室上性心动过速的患者进行心内电生理检查。结果发现：随着心房负扫描程序刺激,６例Ａ－Ｈ间期逐渐延长,１例间歇性延长,６例有Ａ－Ｈ间期跳跃现象;室上性心动过速时６例最早心房激动部位在希氏束,Ｖ－Ａ间期〈７０ｍｓ,１例在左后游离壁,Ｖ－Ａ间期〉７０ｍｓ。提示短Ｐ－Ｒ综合征合并室上性心劝过速的电生理机制是房室结加速传导合并房室结双     

Paroxysmal regular supraventricular tachycardia: the diagnostic accuracy of the transesophageal ventriculo-atrial interval

Objective: To establish the diagnostic accuracy of the transesophageal ventriculo‐atrial (VA) interval in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) and normal baseline electrocardiogram (ECG). Methods: The transesophageal VA interval during tachycardia was recorded in 318 patients (age 45 ± 17 years, 58% female) with PSVT and a normal surface ECG between attacks. Subsequently, all patients underwent an ablation procedure establishing the correct tachycardia diagnosis. Results: AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), AV reentrant tachycardia through a concealed accessory pathway (AVRT), and ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT) were found in 213, 95, and 10 cases, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified an optimal cutoff for a binary categorization of AVNRT versus AVRT/EAT at ≤80 ms (area under the curve 0.891). Owing to a biphasic distribution, AVNRT was very likely at VA intervals ≤90 ms with a sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of 87%, 91%, and 95%. In the range 91–160 ms the corresponding values for AVRT were 88%, 95%, and 88% (90%, 99%, and 98% in male patients). In the small group with VA intervals >160 ms (n = 29), the diagnosis was less clear (PPV of 67% for AVNRT). Conclusions: In patients with sudden onset regular tachycardia and a normal ECG during sinus rhythm, a transesophageal VA interval of ≤80 ms has the highest diagnostic accuracy to diagnose AVNRT versus AVRT/EAT. Overall, the biphasic distribution of VA intervals suggests considering AVNRT at 90 ms and below and AVRT between 91 and 160 ms (in particular in male patients) while the diagnosis is vague at VA intervals above 160 ms. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2011;16(4):327–335     

Differentiating atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia from junctional tachycardia: novel application of the delta H-A interval

Introduction: Junctional tachycardia (JT) and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) can be difficult to differentiate. Yet, the two arrhythmias require distinct diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. We explored the utility of the delta H-A interval as a novel technique to differentiate these two tachycardias.
Methods: We included 35 patients undergoing electrophysiology study who had typical AVNRT, 31 of whom also had JT during slow pathway ablation, and four of whom had spontaneous JT during isoproterenol administration. We measured the H-A interval during tachycardia (H-A_T) and during ventricular pacing (H-A_P) from the basal right ventricle. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of measurements was assessed. Ventricular pacing was performed at approximately the same rate as tachycardia. The delta H-A interval was calculated as the H-A_P minus the H-A_T.
Results: There was excellent interobserver and intraobserver agreement for measurement of the H-A interval. The average delta H-A interval was −10 ms during AVNRT and 9 ms during JT (P < 0.00001). For the diagnosis of JT, a delta H-A interval ≥ 0 ms had the sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 83%, positive predictive value of 84%, and negative predictive value of 88%. The delta H-A interval was longer in men than in women with JT, but no gender-based differences were seen with AVNRT. There was no difference in the H-A interval based on age ≤ 60 years.
Conclusion: The delta H-A interval is a novel and reproducibly measurable interval that aids the differentiation of JT and AVNRT during electrophysiology studies.     

Electrocardiographic differentiation of typical atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia from atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia mediated by concealed accessory pathway in children

The value of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in children with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is unclear. The noninvasive differentiation of typical atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) mediated by concealed accessory pathway conduction is clinically important, as it helps in counseling and potentially facilitates ablation procedures. One hundred forty-eight ECGs showing narrow QRS complex SVT were obtained from children before successful radiofrequency catheter ablation. An initial 102 ECGs were analyzed by 3 blinded observers to assess the utility of various electrocardiographic findings. No electrocardiographic criteria were found to discriminate between SVT mechanisms on 1- to 3-channel Holter/event recorder tracings (n = 32); their interpretation mainly (55%) resulted in an incorrect SVT diagnosis. On 12-lead ECGs (n = 70), the 2 arrhythmias were accurately diagnosed in 76% of patients; 5 findings were found to be discriminators of tachycardia mechanism. Predictors of AVRT were visible P waves in 74% of cases (sensitivity 92%; specificity 64%), RP intervals of > or =100 ms in 91% (sensitivity 84%; specificity 91%), and ST-segment depression of > or =2 mm in 73% of cases (sensitivity 52%; specificity 82%). Pseudo r' waves in lead V(1) and pseudo S waves in the inferior leads during tachycardia predicted AVNRT in 100% of cases (sensitivity 55% and 20%, respectively; specificity 100% for both). Based on these results, we developed a new diagnostic 12-lead electrocardiographic algorithm for pseudo r'/S waves, RP duration, and ST-segment depression during tachycardia. Two observers tested the algorithm in 46 (21 AVNRT; 25 AVRT) additional cases; they correctly diagnosed the SVT mechanism in 91% and 87%, respectively. Thus, the stepwise use of diagnostically relevant 12-lead electrocardiographic parameters helps to more accurately differentiate mechanisms of reentrant SVT.     

心房不同部位拖带法鉴别不典型房室结折返性心动过速和房性心动过速

目的报道一种鉴别不典型房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)和起源点邻近Kock三角的房性心动过速(AT)的新方法。方法 22例室上性心动过速患者,在心房不同部位(右房心耳部、冠状静脉窦近端、远端)起搏拖带心动过速,测定起搏后VA间期(最后一个起搏脉冲前传夺获的心室电图到起搏终止后第一心搏的最早心房电图的距离)。计算各部位起搏后VA间期的差别并取差别绝对数的最大值定义为ΔVA间期。结果 13例AVNRT起搏后ΔVA间期5.8±3.6(0～14)ms,9例AT起搏后ΔVA间期62.8±24.2(21～98)ms。ΔVA间期在所有AVNRT均<15 ms,在所有AT均>15 ms,因此起搏后ΔVA间期>15 ms用于诊断AT的灵敏度和特异度均为100%。结论心房不同部位起搏拖带法可用于准确鉴别不典型AVNRT和起源点邻近Kock三角的AT。     

Differentiation of Narrow QRS Complex Tachycardia Types Using the 12‐Lead Electrocardiogram

Background: Previous studies have shown that only 80% of narrow QRS supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) types can be differentiated by standard 12‐lead electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria. This study was designed to determine the value of some new ECG criteria in differentiating narrow QRS SVT. Methods and Results : 120 ECGs demonstrating paroxysmal narrow QRS complex tachycardia (QRS s 0.11 ms and rate > 120 beats/min) were analyzed. Forty atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT), 70 atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), and 10 atrial tachycardia defined with electrophysiologic study (EPS) consisted the study group. Eight surface ECG criteria were found to be significantly different between tachycardia types by univariate analysis. P waves separate from the QRS complex were observed more frequently in AVRT (70%) and atrial tachycardia (80%). Pseudo r’deflection in lead V¹, pseudo S wave in inferior leads, and cycle length alternans were more common in AVNRT (55, 20, and 6%, respectively). QRS alternans was also present during AVRT (28%). ST‐segment depression (≧ 2 mm) or T‐wave inversion, or both, were present more often in AVRT (60%) than in AVNRT (27%). During sinus rhythm, manifest preexcitation was observed more often in patients with AVRT (42%). When a P wave was present, RP/PR interval ratio > 1 was more common in atrial tachycardia (90%). By multivariate analysis, presence of a P wave separate from the QRS complex, pseudo r’deflection in lead V¹, QRS alternans, preexcitation during sinus rhythm, ST‐segment depression > 2 mm or T‐wave inversion, or both, were independent predictors of tachycardia type. Conclusions: Several new ECG criteria may be useful in differentiation of SVT types. Prediction of mechanism prior to EPS may provide additional benefits concerning the fluoroscopic exposure time and cardiac catheterization procedure. A.N.E. 2002;7(2):120–126     

快慢型房室结折返性心动过速的电生理特点

目的分析快慢型房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）患者的临床特征、心电网和电生理检查特点、射频消融治疗特点,旨在为临床长RP。心动过速鉴别提供帮助。方法11例经心内电生理检查证实为慢快型房室结折返性心动过速的患者,回顾性分析其临床特征、心电图特点及电生理检查特点及射频消融治疗。结果心动过速表现为窄QRs波心动过速,RP’〉P’R,P。在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联倒置,RP’间期为350±25ms,心率为1664-30bpm。11例患者中有3例出现室房逆传跳跃现象。心房程序刺激无明显跳跃现象,11例均可由心房StS：刺激诱发心动过速发作,且容易诱发,容易终止。心动过速发作时,5例CS9．10A波最早,6例HiS的A波最早,其中1例静推ATP心动过速终止。11例患者中9例经房室结改良消融传统慢径获得成功,2例在冠状静脉窦内消融成功,术后随访3个月以上均未再发作心动过速。结论长RP’心动过速的诊断和鉴别诊断有一定困难,如能排除慢旁道和房速,应考虑快慢型房室结折返性心动过速。