经颌下径路治疗茎突综合征

报告３０例（３５侧）茎突综合征经颌下径路茎突截短术。其中茎突舌骨韧带骨化２例，茎突骨折１例。术前被误诊为牙痛而我次拔牙１例，Ｘ线照片 诊１便。经颌下矩路术前茎突长３－７．５ｃｍ，平均右４．１３ｃｍ，左４．３８ｃｍ；手术截除猎庆右２．１３ｃｍ左２．２６ｃｍ；术后存留工庆右２．０ｃｍ，左２．１２ｃｍ。要后经２月至６年随访，显效６５．７％，好转２８．６％，无效５．７。经咽径路茎突截短３例，其中１例术后发     

内镜眶上锁孔与经鼻蝶联合入路的解剖学研究

目的 研究框上锁孔入路及经鼻－蝶窦入路的内镜局部解剖学并测量有关解剖数据，探讨二者联合应用于治疗巨大鞍山区占位性病变的可行性，为颅底外科手术提供相关形态学参考数据。方法 测量100例成人颅骨标本额骨颧突距同侧和对侧前后床突的距离和角度。通过25例成人尸头，模拟内镜眶上“锁孔”入路和经鼻－蝶窦入路，观察所能达到 解剖部位，测量相关的解剖数据。结果 眶上锁孔入路可以从前方和上方达到鞍区及斜坡上段，清晰地显露垂体、垂体柄、视交叉、颈内动脉、基底动脉等结构；经鼻－蝶窦入路可从下方显露垂体及鞍膈等鞍区结构。结论 内镜眶上锁孔与经鼻－蝶窦联合入路是一种微创外科手术，二者联合应用可完成巨大鞍区占位性病变的外科治疗。     

颅面拆装入路广泛性颅底肿瘤手术

目的：探讨颅面装装入路在颅底广泛性肿瘤切除术中的应用。方法：１０例范围广泛的颅底区肿瘤分别采用了额鼻拆装，颅同联合入路；上颌窦壁拆装，上颌窦鼻腔入路；颞颧下颌骨拆装，颞面联合入路等３种手术方式切除。结果：２例良性肿瘤术后随访１－３年无复发。８例恶性肿瘤术后，５例已存活３年以上，其中３例已 活５年以上；另３例均在术后３年内死亡或失访，结论：采用颅同拆装入路施行颅底肿瘤切除术，术野暴露较充分，有利于病     

恶性肿瘤累及颈动脉的外科处理

为探讨头颈部恶性肿瘤侵犯颈动脉的外科治疗，对５例喉癌或下咽癌颈淋巴结转移累及一侧颈动脉病人，术前经ＣＴ或Ｂ超检查，３例经术前体外颈动脉压迫训练合格后手术切除受累段颈总动脉，２例系术中损伤颈总动脉后紧急切除受轻动脉。其中１例即刻行断端吻合，５例术中，术后均无明显脑缺血表现，３例术后随访２年以上健在，２例尚在随访中。     

鼻科学

刘睁犯乃9/秦时强…598 内窥镜辅助眶上锁孔入路的应用解剖//解剖学杂志一2003,26(6)一595- 目的:为眶上锁孔人路提供临床解剖学基础。方法:在21例福尔马林固定尸头上测量各有关解剖结构距离及夹角,在9例新鲜尸头上进行模拟手术,进一步验证其观察及操作范围。结果:提供了角突及眶上孔至盲孔、视神经管颅口、前床突尖、后床突尖距离,两点与上述结构连线与中线的成角,视交叉前缘至鞍结节距离,视神经颅内段长度,颅口处视神 文摘经内侧缘之间距离,第一间隙面积,颈内动脉床突上段长度等数据及人路的观察、操作范围。结论:眶上锁孔人路有广泛的视…     

听神经瘤枕下乙状窦后锁孔入路的临床探讨

目的 探讨改良听神经瘤枕下乙状窦后入路的手术方法，预防并发症，减少手术损伤。方法 对12例听神经瘤采用单侧枕下乳突后小“J”形皮肤切口，枕下乙状窦后“锁孔”入路显微手术切除肿瘤，后颅窝开颅术改咬骨窗为开骨瓣术。结果 10例肿瘤全切除，1例全切除；面神经解剖保留9例，术后2－9个月复查面神经House-Brackmann（H－B）Ⅰ-Ⅱ级、Ⅲ－Ⅳ级，Ⅴ级1例。术后见明显并发症。结论 改良枕下乙状窦后“锁孔”入路是一种有效、安全、便捷的微创手术入路。它的优点是解剖复位、创伤小、并发症少，并有利于美容。     

显微手术切除斜坡肿瘤

目的：报告１３例斜坡区肿瘤的显微手术治疗效果。方法：对各例肿瘤的临床表现、神经放射学的特点和不同的手术入路进行回顾性分析。结果：其中８例全切，５例次全切除。术后死亡１例：３例颅神经症状完全恢复，３例颅神经功能有所改善，２例无变化，４例出现新的神经受损体征。结论：手术入路选择，上斜坡及中上 肿瘤可取幕上下联合岩周入路切除，中斜坡用枕下乙状窦后入路，下斜坡可经枕下极外侧穿髁入路或经口入路切除肿瘤。     

颅底28例病变手术的临床分析

目的：探讨颅底新手术入路的优缺点及注意事项，方法：对２８便颅底病变分别进行扩大颅底入路、经额颞眶弓入路、经岩骨幕上幕下联合入路手术。结果：全切除１８例、次全切除７例、部分切除３例，严重并发症少，无１例死亡。随访５－２９个月，无复发。结论：与传统的手术入路相比较，新手术入路具有显露谅这颅底病变距离短，脑组织牵拉轻，有充分的手术操作空间，可同时切除颅内上的肿瘤等优点。     

下颌外旋切除咽及颅底肿瘤

目的探讨咽及颅底肿瘤切除的最佳手术入路。方法１３例咽及颅底肿瘤中，鼻咽部２例，口咽部４例，咽旁间隙５例，咽旁颞下区２例。均采用下颌骨切开外旋入路进行了根治性切除。同期行咽后淋巴结清扫术５例，改良根治性颈清扫术２例。咽部缺损以胸大肌皮瓣整复５例。恶性肿瘤术后均接受了辅助性放射治疗。结果１３例患者中恶性肿瘤１０例，良性肿瘤３例。１２例切口愈合良好，１例术后术后胸大肌皮瓣感染坏死，延缓愈合。１例吞咽困难，经锻炼后恢复，１例下颌咬合稍差。随访１５月～３年，３例良性肿瘤情况良好。恶性肿瘤中１例术后半年死于局部复发，１例术后２年死于肺转移。其余患者３年存活２例，２年以上存活２例，１年以上存活４例。结论此入路能充分显露咽、颅底、咽旁间隙、斜坡及颈椎，并能沿颈内动脉向上至颅底，将颈动脉内侧组织与肿瘤整块切除。手术安全，后遗畸形轻微。     

经上颌窦眶减压术治疗恶性突眼症

目的：评价经上颌窦眶减压术治疗恶性突眼的临床适应证和应用价值。方法：对５例９眼患者行经上颌窦眶减压术。结果：术后随访３个月￣２年,突眼度平均下降５ｍｍ;４例眼睑能闭剑,１例睑裂明显缩小;１例单眼突眼术后复视消失,１例双眼突眼先后手术者左眼术后出现复视,右眼术后消失;２例眼球运动障碍者术后均有改善,２例继发性青光眼术后缓解,２例暴露性角膜炎愈合;２例视力下降者术后有提高。结论：经上颌窦眶压术是保护眼     

巨型鼻咽血管纤维瘤颅内扩展的影像评估及手术方案的选择

目的回顾4例巨型分叶状鼻咽血管纤维瘤(简称JNAs)向颅内扩展的影像学资料及手术治疗的经验教训。方法将4例巨型分叶状JNAs向颅内外广泛扩展的影像学资料,分别与手术所见相比较。3例曾先取经颞硬脑膜外或经颞硬脑膜内径路观察处理颅内病变,并用相机拍摄颈内动脉和海绵窦情况,然后再经颅外切除肿瘤。2例术前影像显示肿瘤广泛破坏蝶鞍、斜坡,进入中颅窝和前颅窝,并顶托推移视束、垂体、海绵窦和颈内动脉等结构,但硬脑膜尚完整,单纯采面中部掀揭上颌窦进路切除肿瘤。结果3例先行颅内探查者,除见眶上裂及海绵窦等处硬脑膜充血、易出血并向颅内膨隆以外,并无硬脑膜穿破。4例中有2例,手术前或再次手术前,影像提示硬脑膜无穿破,均以面中部掀揭上颌窦径路全切肿瘤;2例因出血凶猛系次全切除。结论影像学评估巨型分叶状JNAs有否穿破硬脑膜是决定开颅探查的关键指标。如果硬脑膜完整,在作好开颅准备以应急需的基础之上,可首先采用面中部掀揭上颌窦径路或联合其他切口和径路切除肿瘤,从而避免不必要的开颅探查。     

舌根、咽旁肿瘤外科手术径路比较研究

目的：比较舌根、咽旁肿瘤几种主要手术径路的优缺点，重点分析正中-颌舌沟径路。方法：对41例住院且行外科切除术的舌根、咽旁肿瘤病人的手术方法、手术体会、并发症等进行回顾性研究。结果：口内直接入路、口底舌骨上入路、旁侧入路、正中-颌舌沟入路等4种手术径路皆能满足该区域外科手术的需要，达到完全切除肿瘤和即刻修复的目的。4种径路各具不同的特点。结论：合适的外科径路是舌根和咽旁肿瘤外科手术的关键，正中-颌舌沟径路是一种损伤小、组织保护好的外科径路。     

Anterior Petrosectomy Approach to Infraclinoidal Basilar Artery Aneurysms: The Emerging Role of the Neuro-otologist in Multidisciplinary Management of Basilar Artery Aneurysms

Aneurysms of the basilar artery are uncommon. Historically, because of the central location of these basilar lesions, surgical access has been difficult. Moreover, while this disease and its surgical management inherently carry a high risk of patient morbidity, the presence of neighboring vital neural and vascular structures introduces additional intraoperative challenges. Since 1986 we have employed a transpetrous approach for access to selective aneurysms involving the basilar artery. Removal of the petrous apex has provided an expanded deep window through which infraclinoidal basilar artery aneurysms can be controlled. Reported herein are our results utilizing an anterior petrosectomy approach to the management of infraclinoidal artery aneurysms.     

Posterior petrous face meningiomas: an algorithm for surgical management.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to report our surgical strategy in the management of 81 patients with posterior petrous face meningiomas. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: This study was conducted at a quaternary private otology and cranial base center. PATIENTS: Of 139 patients with posterior fossa meningioma, 81 occurred on the posterior petrous face of the temporal bone and were the object of this study. INTERVENTIONS: Thirty-one patients were approached by the enlarged translabyrinthine approach. The enlarged translabyrinthine approach with transapical extension Type II was performedin 29 patients. The combined retrosigmoid-retrolabyrinthine approach was chosen in 8 cases. The modified transcochlear approach Type A with permanent posterior transposition of the facial nerve (FN) was performed in 6 patients. Two patients underwent a retrolabyrinthine subtemporal transapical approach. One patient underwent a transpetrous middle cranial fossa approach. Four patients with intracanalicular meningiomas were operated on through the enlarged middle cranial fossa approach. RESULTS: Total removal of the tumor (Simpson Grades I and II) was achieved in most patients (92.5%). The FN was anatomically preserved in 79 of the 81 (97.5%) patients. Five patients had less than 1 year follow-up, and 2 patients were lost to follow-up and were excluded in evaluation of the final FN outcome. At 1-year follow-up, 46 patients (63%) had Grade I to II, 19 (26%) had Grade III, 4 (5.4%) had Grade IV, 1 (1.3%) had Grade V, and 3 (4.1%) had Grade VI. Hearing-preserving surgery was attempted in 15 patients (18.5%) with preoperative serviceable hearing. Of these 15 patients, 11 had their hearing preserved at the same preoperative level, and 4 experienced postoperative deafness. Postoperatively, a new deficit of 1 or more of the lower cranial nerves was recorded in 3 patients. One patient experienced subcutaneous cerebrospinal fluid collection that required surgical management. CONCLUSION: Total tumor removal (Simpson Grades I-II) remains our treatment of choice and takes priority over hearing preservation. Subtotal resection is indicated for older and debilitated patients with giant lesions to relieve the tumor compression on the cerebellum and brainstem. Subtotal removal is also preferred in the face of the absence of a plane of cleavage between the tumor and the brainstem, in the presence of encasement of vital neurovascular structures, in elderly patients with tumors adherent to preoperatively normal facial or lower cranial nerves.     

The surgical anatomy and approaches to lesions of the lower basilar artery and vertebral artery union

The neural and vascular anatomy of the posterior fossa and bony skull base is of interest to both neurosurgeons and otologists charged with the evaluation and management of patients demonstrating lesions in this region. Despite well described approaches to pathology in this area, access to the lower basilar artery and clivus remains a significant challenge. This report highlights the pertinent anatomic details of the fossa, describes the bony dimensions relevant to surgical access, and reviews two unconventional approaches to the lower basilar upper vertebral artery union.     

颞盂入路及其在颈静脉球体瘤切除术中的应用

目的介绍颞盂入路切除向颅内外扩展的颈静脉球体瘤。方法采用颞盂入路联合乳突或乳突枕下入路,监控颈内动脉(ICA)和面神经远心端,从颈静脉孔外、后、下3个侧面,于直视下分离切除肿瘤。结果5例颈静脉球体瘤成功切除,术后恢复良好(无下颌运动障碍)。结论颞盂入路联合乳突或乳突枕下入路,可监控ICA远心端和面神经,充分暴露并安全切除颈静脉球体瘤。     

颅底陷入症合并小脑扁桃体下疝畸形的联合手术治疗(附4例报告)

目的探讨颅底陷入症(BasilarinvaginationBI)合并小脑扁桃体下疝畸形(Chiarimalformation)的手术治疗方法。方法对4例颅底陷入症合并小脑扁桃体下疝畸形病人经CT、MRI检查并测量Klaus高度指数、齿状突尖到桥延交界处的距离、小脑扁桃体下疝深度,所有病人均首先行后路减压、枕颈钛板固定、植骨融合,然后再行经口咽齿突磨除术。结果所有病人均于术后短期内症状缓解,术后半年4名病人均能生活自理;术后1年2名病人已能参与一般的体育活动,另2名病人也能进行较轻的劳动。结论对颅底陷入症合并小脑扁桃体下疝畸形的病人先行后路减压加固定、植骨融合,再行前路经口咽入路磨除齿突的联合手术,是一种有效的治疗方法,值得进一步应用研究。     

颈段气管袖状切除的临床应用

目的探讨有关颈段气管病变行气管袖状切除的治疗经验。方法介绍1995年1月~2000年12月5例涉及颈部气管病变的治疗方法和临床效果,5例中2例气管原发肿瘤;2例甲状腺肿瘤侵犯气管;1例颈部挤压伤气管闭锁。分别采用了颈段气管袖状切除,端端吻合手术。结果5例病例术后未发生气道狭窄和通气困难。结论颈段气管肿瘤或外源性肿瘤侵犯气管、外伤性气管闭锁,行气管袖状切除,端端吻合手术是重建和恢复气道最好的方法。     

乙状窦后入路切除颈静脉孔区哑铃形肿瘤

目的 探讨颈静脉孔区哑铃型肿瘤的手术入路及治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析采用枕下乙状窦后入路切除4例颈静脉孔区哑铃型肿瘤的临床资料。结果 肿瘤全切除3例，大部切除1例，无手术死亡及严重并发症。结论 经乙状窦后入路可以安全切除哑铃型颈静脉孔区肿瘤。术中应注意保护好后组颅神经。     

颈静脉孔神经鞘瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨颈静脉孔神经鞘瘤的手术入路及治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析采用显微外科手术治疗颈静脉孔神经鞘瘤２４例,其中颅内型（Ａ型）：肿瘤主体位于桥小脑角（１２例）;骨内型（Ｂ型）：肿瘤主体位于颈静脉孔内,向颅内生长（５例）;颅外型（Ｃ型）：肿瘤主体位于颅外,并向颈静脉孔生长（１例）;混合型（Ｄ型）：肿瘤由颈静脉孔向颅内外生长,呈哑铃型（６例）。Ａ型采用枕下乙状窦后入路,Ｂ型采用远外侧入路,Ｃ型和Ｄ型采