新型甲型H1N1流感聚集性发病患者的临床特点和诊治体会

目的 观察群体发病的新型甲型H1N1流感(简称甲型流感)患者的临床特点,探讨奥司他韦和中药治疗与预后的相关性. 方法 分析2009年6月份、8月份和10月份发生的3起聚集性发病的234例患者的临床资料,比较单纯中药治疗和中药+奥司他韦治疗患者的发热持续时间、临床症状消失时间和住院时间. 结果 年龄、体温、血常规及肝肾功能等基线资料两组分布均衡.发热持续时间中药组与中药+奥司他韦组[(28.9±24.3)和(29.6±13.2)h]比较差异无统计学意义(t=-0.03,P>0.05),临床症状消失时间[(5±2.5)和(5±2.6)d]和住院时间[(7.5 ±2.5)和(7.3±3.2)d],两组比较差异均无统计学意义(t值为0.097和-1.16,P>0.05).将高热患者(体温≥39℃)和中低热患者(体温<39℃)进行分层分析,结果显示在中低热患者中,中药组与中药+奥司他韦组的发热持续时间[(17.3 ±12.9)和(22.0±13.0)h]和症状消失时间[(3.4±1.5)和(3.1±1.8)d]比较,差异无统计学意义(t值为1.03和0.43,P>0.05);在高热患者中,虽然两组的症状消失时间差异无统计学意义(中位数为3.5 d和4 d,Z=0.47,P>0.05),但两组的发热持续时间差异有统计学意义(Z=3.354,P<0.01),中药组发热持续时间(中位数为40.5 h)明显长于中药+奥司他韦组(中位数为22 h). 结论 清热祛瘟中药治疗甲型流感有效,轻症患者可以不用奥司他韦治疗.奥司他韦能缩短高热患者的发热时间,提倡早期应用.     

新型甲型H1N1流感聚集性发病患者的临床特点和诊治体会

Objective To describe the clinical characteristics of 3 community outbreaks of the novel influenza A (H1N1),and to compare the treatment effects of the traditional Chinese medicine with or without Oseltamivir. Method The clinical records of 234 patients in 3 community outbreaks of the novel influenga A(H1N1)infection in June (n=56),August (n=96)and October (n=82) of 2009 were analyzed,and the treatment effects of the traditional Chinese medicine with or without Oseltamivir were evaluated. Results The baseline characteristics,including age,temperature,indices of blood tests,hepatic and renal functions were distributed evenly between the 2 treatment groups.The overall analysis suggested that there was no significant difference between the 2 treatment groups in the duration of clinical symptoms(P>0.05),the duration of fever(P>0.05),and the hospitalization days(P>0.05).However,an analysis stratified by the temperature (≥39℃ or <39℃)suggested that patients treated by the traditional Chinese medicine with Oseltamivir tended to suffer a shorter duration of fever [40.5(37.3.42.0) vs 22.0(10.5,30.8)hr,P<0.01]]in the higher temperature group. Conclusions The traditional Chinese medicine was equivalent to oseltamivir in treating patients with the novel influenza A (H1N1) infection with lower temperature (<39℃).Oseltamivir was effective in shortening the duration of fever in patients with temperature higher than 39℃.     

妊娠合并重症新型甲型H1N1流感患者的临床特点

目的 探讨妊娠合并重症新型甲型H1N1流感(简称甲型流感)患者的临床特点. 方法 对河北沧州市中心医院2009年11月26日至12月20日收治的16例重症甲型流感患者的临床资料进行分析. 结果 16例患者均为青年女性,年龄19～30岁,其中妊娠期妇女15例.16例平均白细胞总数为(6.7±3.2)×109/L,2例低于4×109/L,3例高于10 × 109/L;淋巴细胞平均值为(0.78±0.52)×109/L,14例<1×109/L;12例进行T细胞亚群CD4/CD8检查,其中7例<1.4.15例患者血乳酸脱氢酶中位数值为319 U/L(0.80～850.00 U/L),其中11例增高.16例中4例血钾<3.5 mmol/L;13例检测免疫相关指标,其中5例补体C4高于360 mg/L,1例<90 mg/L;4例C3<750mg/L;免疫球蛋白及免疫复合物检查未见异常.影像学检查示多发性多叶肺炎,主要呈间质样改变或大片实变渗出.需要机械通气辅助呼吸的病例影像学检查符合ARDS影像学表现.4例出现少量胸腔积液,1例合并少量心包积液.2例孕晚期妇女胎死宫内,7例及时剖官产终止妊娠或自然生产者病情稳定. 结论 健康妊娠期妇女是甲型流感的高危人群,并易迅速进展为严重肺炎,甚至出现呼吸衰竭.早期抗病毒、早期终止妊娠、早期氧疗并适时进行机械通气辅助呼吸可改善患者预后.     

妊娠合并重症新型甲型H1N1流感患者的临床特点

目的 探讨妊娠合并重症新型甲型H1N1流感(简称甲型流感)患者的临床特点. 方法 对河北沧州市中心医院2009年11月26日至12月20日收治的16例重症甲型流感患者的临床资料进行分析. 结果 16例患者均为青年女性,年龄19～30岁,其中妊娠期妇女15例.16例平均白细胞总数为(6.7±3.2)×109/L,2例低于4×109/L,3例高于10 × 109/L;淋巴细胞平均值为(0.78±0.52)×109/L,14例<1×109/L;12例进行T细胞亚群CD4/CD8检查,其中7例<1.4.15例患者血乳酸脱氢酶中位数值为319 U/L(0.80～850.00 U/L),其中11例增高.16例中4例血钾<3.5 mmol/L;13例检测免疫相关指标,其中5例补体C4高于360 mg/L,1例<90 mg/L;4例C3<750mg/L;免疫球蛋白及免疫复合物检查未见异常.影像学检查示多发性多叶肺炎,主要呈间质样改变或大片实变渗出.需要机械通气辅助呼吸的病例影像学检查符合ARDS影像学表现.4例出现少量胸腔积液,1例合并少量心包积液.2例孕晚期妇女胎死宫内,7例及时剖官产终止妊娠或自然生产者病情稳定. 结论 健康妊娠期妇女是甲型流感的高危人群,并易迅速进展为严重肺炎,甚至出现呼吸衰竭.早期抗病毒、早期终止妊娠、早期氧疗并适时进行机械通气辅助呼吸可改善患者预后.     

妊娠合并重症新型甲型H1N1流感患者的临床特点

目的 探讨妊娠合并重症新型甲型H1N1流感(简称甲型流感)患者的临床特点. 方法 对河北沧州市中心医院2009年11月26日至12月20日收治的16例重症甲型流感患者的临床资料进行分析. 结果 16例患者均为青年女性,年龄19～30岁,其中妊娠期妇女15例.16例平均白细胞总数为(6.7±3.2)×109/L,2例低于4×109/L,3例高于10 × 109/L;淋巴细胞平均值为(0.78±0.52)×109/L,14例<1×109/L;12例进行T细胞亚群CD4/CD8检查,其中7例<1.4.15例患者血乳酸脱氢酶中位数值为319 U/L(0.80～850.00 U/L),其中11例增高.16例中4例血钾<3.5 mmol/L;13例检测免疫相关指标,其中5例补体C4高于360 mg/L,1例<90 mg/L;4例C3<750mg/L;免疫球蛋白及免疫复合物检查未见异常.影像学检查示多发性多叶肺炎,主要呈间质样改变或大片实变渗出.需要机械通气辅助呼吸的病例影像学检查符合ARDS影像学表现.4例出现少量胸腔积液,1例合并少量心包积液.2例孕晚期妇女胎死宫内,7例及时剖官产终止妊娠或自然生产者病情稳定. 结论 健康妊娠期妇女是甲型流感的高危人群,并易迅速进展为严重肺炎,甚至出现呼吸衰竭.早期抗病毒、早期终止妊娠、早期氧疗并适时进行机械通气辅助呼吸可改善患者预后.     

新型甲型H1N1流感重症患者肺部影像学变化及临床特点

目的 探讨新型甲型H1N1流感(简称甲型流感)危重病例肺部影像学的变化及其临床特点. 方法 山西省太原市第四人民医院2009年10月20日至11月22日收治的10例重症甲型流感确诊患者,男6例,女4例,年龄5～41岁,平均19.3岁.采用常规技术检测血常规、血气指标、肝肾功能及心肌酶学变化,并行胸部X线及CT检查;给予奥司他韦、吸氧、呼吸支持、抗感染及对症支持等综合治疗. 结果 患者均以发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难为主要症状,肺部病灶表现多种多样,表现为磨玻璃影及实变影、肺不张、液气胸及胸腔积液等征象,进展快,同时存在急性肺炎和急性间质性肺炎的影像学改变,10例中5例发展为急性肺损伤,3例发展为ARDS;奥司他韦、呼吸支持及抗感染治疗有效. 结论 甲型流感危重病例的影像学表现为急性肺炎和急性间质性肺炎改变,临床表现为病情重、进展快,可发展为ARDS.     

新型甲型H1N1流感危重症临床分析

目的探讨新型甲型H1N1流感危重症患者的临床特点,加深认识,提高诊治水平。方法回顾性分析2009年11月—2011年2月收治的经临床和实验室确诊的8例新型甲型H1N1流感危重病例的临床资料。结果治愈6例,好转1例,死亡1例。结论青壮年、肥胖、伴基础疾病和妊娠的甲型H1N1流感患者易进展为危重症;早期应用奥司他韦,积极治疗基础疾病,控制细菌、真菌感染和液体出入量,实时机械通气并合理应用激素等综合治疗可改善预后,降低病死率。     

新型甲型H1N1流感重症患者肺部影像学变化及临床特点

目的 探讨新型甲型H1N1流感(简称甲型流感)危重病例肺部影像学的变化及其临床特点. 方法 山西省太原市第四人民医院2009年10月20日至11月22日收治的10例重症甲型流感确诊患者,男6例,女4例,年龄5～41岁,平均19.3岁.采用常规技术检测血常规、血气指标、肝肾功能及心肌酶学变化,并行胸部X线及CT检查;给予奥司他韦、吸氧、呼吸支持、抗感染及对症支持等综合治疗. 结果 患者均以发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难为主要症状,肺部病灶表现多种多样,表现为磨玻璃影及实变影、肺不张、液气胸及胸腔积液等征象,进展快,同时存在急性肺炎和急性间质性肺炎的影像学改变,10例中5例发展为急性肺损伤,3例发展为ARDS;奥司他韦、呼吸支持及抗感染治疗有效. 结论 甲型流感危重病例的影像学表现为急性肺炎和急性间质性肺炎改变,临床表现为病情重、进展快,可发展为ARDS.     

新型甲型H1N1流感重症患者肺部影像学变化及临床特点

目的 探讨新型甲型H1N1流感(简称甲型流感)危重病例肺部影像学的变化及其临床特点. 方法 山西省太原市第四人民医院2009年10月20日至11月22日收治的10例重症甲型流感确诊患者,男6例,女4例,年龄5～41岁,平均19.3岁.采用常规技术检测血常规、血气指标、肝肾功能及心肌酶学变化,并行胸部X线及CT检查;给予奥司他韦、吸氧、呼吸支持、抗感染及对症支持等综合治疗. 结果 患者均以发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难为主要症状,肺部病灶表现多种多样,表现为磨玻璃影及实变影、肺不张、液气胸及胸腔积液等征象,进展快,同时存在急性肺炎和急性间质性肺炎的影像学改变,10例中5例发展为急性肺损伤,3例发展为ARDS;奥司他韦、呼吸支持及抗感染治疗有效. 结论 甲型流感危重病例的影像学表现为急性肺炎和急性间质性肺炎改变,临床表现为病情重、进展快,可发展为ARDS.     

重症甲型H1N1流感的临床特点研究

目的探讨重症甲型H1N1流感的临床特点,以期了解新发疾病的发展及转归,尽早采取有效治疗措施。方法对我院2009年09-15—11-19收治的11例重症甲型H1N1流感患者临床表现、实验室检查、影像学特征、治疗及其预后等方面资料进行回顾性分析。结果重症甲型H1N1流感患者年龄中位数为39.9岁;均有发热、咳嗽和咳痰症状;8例(72.72%)入院时血常规白细胞计数减少,7例(63.63%)中性粒细胞比例>75%;8例患者血气分析氧合指数<200;胸片以斑片状双侧浸润阴影改变为主;重症甲型H1N1流感患者均给予抗病毒、抗生素和激素治疗,呼吸衰竭及ARDS时给予机械通气治疗。2例死亡,1例需行ECMO治疗,8例好转出院。结论重症甲型H1N1流感患者青壮年易感,临床表现与季节性流感相似,易并发病毒性肺炎,出现呼吸衰竭及发展为ARDS,病死率高。     

305例甲型H1N1流感患者流行病学和临床特征分析

目的分析我院收治的305例甲型H1N1流感患者的流行病学和临床特征,为进一步控制疫情提供依据。方法对我院2009年6月1日～2010年1月31日收治的305例甲型H1N1患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果305例患者中,男性占56．72％。轻症患者平均年龄为20．04岁,重症患者平均年龄为35．16岁。学生占42．17％。病毒潜伏期中位数为2天（1～7天）。最常见的主要临床表现为发热（占91．3％）,其次为咳嗽（占79．1％）、咽痛（占62．3％）、咳痰（占38．0％）和乏力（占51．1％）等,部分隐性感染者,无任何症状。胸部x线表现为肺纹理增强、模糊和肺炎表现。结论发病人群以青壮年为主,中老年易罹患重症,男性多于女性,高发人群为社会活动活跃、相对集中人群如学生等。甲型H1N1流感病毒感染者体内存在多器官非特异性损伤。该病毒早期容易侵犯下肺。及时的胸部影像学检查,对于提示危重症的早期预警有重要意义。传统中药汤剂与达菲疗效相当。     

新型甲型H1N1流感危重症存活和死亡病例的临床特点分析

Objective To understand the clinical features of critically ill patients with pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1)and investigate the risk factors associated with death cases. Methods The clinical features of 55 critically ill patients with pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1)viral infection hospitalized at Beijing Ditan Hospital from October 3 to December 15,2009 were retrospectively analyzed,and a comparative analysis was performed on the manifestations of the survival and the death groups of patients. Results There were 31 males and 24 females.The age ranged from 10 months to 84 year old,and the mean(SD)was 38(20)year old.The critically ill cases were more in patients under age 65(48/55),with obesity(33/49),with underlying diseases(26/49),and pregnancy(6/24).Both the survivors and non-survivors of patients had high fever,cough,sputum(some sputum with blood),dyspnea,r(a)les of both lungs fields.and all further developed severe pneumonia.The patients also showed respiratory failure(54/55)and ARDS(26/55).All of them received oseltamivir therapy,and 38 patients received mechanical ventilation and 30 were giyen steroid therapy.Secondary infection occurred in 27 cases.and ventilatorassociated pneumonia happened in 10 patients.In the early stage of onset,C-reactive protein(CRP) increased [ (131 ± 130)mg/L] and low counts of T lymphecytes were present [ CD4+ , CD8+T was (217 ±139)/μl and (162 ± 82)/μl]. With the progress of disease, the non-survival cases had persistently increased CRP and the counts of T lymphocytes did not recover, while the secondary fungal infection was significantly higher than in the survivor cases (P <0. 05). By using BMI, underlying diseases, ARDS, the day of Oseltamivir initiated, steroid therapy, following bacterial and fungal infection as variables through logistic regression analysis, it was shown that higher BMI and following fungal infection were associated with higher fatal risks ( OR was 6. 512, 19. 631 respective0ly, both of P value was low than 0. 05 ). There was no death case who received oseltamivir treatment within 48 hours of onset of disease. Conclusions Critical illness in pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1)was associated with patients under age 65, with obesity,underlying diseases, and pregnancy. Persistently increased CRP and lower counts of T lymphocytes were associated with unfavorable prognosis. The patients with higher BMI and secondary fungal infection had higher fatal risks. Oseltamivir treatments at early stage would probably reduce mortality.     

新型甲型H1N1流感危重症存活和死亡病例的临床特点分析

Objective To understand the clinical features of critically ill patients with pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1)and investigate the risk factors associated with death cases. Methods The clinical features of 55 critically ill patients with pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1)viral infection hospitalized at Beijing Ditan Hospital from October 3 to December 15,2009 were retrospectively analyzed,and a comparative analysis was performed on the manifestations of the survival and the death groups of patients. Results There were 31 males and 24 females.The age ranged from 10 months to 84 year old,and the mean(SD)was 38(20)year old.The critically ill cases were more in patients under age 65(48/55),with obesity(33/49),with underlying diseases(26/49),and pregnancy(6/24).Both the survivors and non-survivors of patients had high fever,cough,sputum(some sputum with blood),dyspnea,r(a)les of both lungs fields.and all further developed severe pneumonia.The patients also showed respiratory failure(54/55)and ARDS(26/55).All of them received oseltamivir therapy,and 38 patients received mechanical ventilation and 30 were giyen steroid therapy.Secondary infection occurred in 27 cases.and ventilatorassociated pneumonia happened in 10 patients.In the early stage of onset,C-reactive protein(CRP) increased [ (131 ± 130)mg/L] and low counts of T lymphecytes were present [ CD4+ , CD8+T was (217 ±139)/μl and (162 ± 82)/μl]. With the progress of disease, the non-survival cases had persistently increased CRP and the counts of T lymphocytes did not recover, while the secondary fungal infection was significantly higher than in the survivor cases (P <0. 05). By using BMI, underlying diseases, ARDS, the day of Oseltamivir initiated, steroid therapy, following bacterial and fungal infection as variables through logistic regression analysis, it was shown that higher BMI and following fungal infection were associated with higher fatal risks ( OR was 6. 512, 19. 631 respective0ly, both of P value was low than 0. 05 ). There was no death case who received oseltamivir treatment within 48 hours of onset of disease. Conclusions Critical illness in pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1)was associated with patients under age 65, with obesity,underlying diseases, and pregnancy. Persistently increased CRP and lower counts of T lymphocytes were associated with unfavorable prognosis. The patients with higher BMI and secondary fungal infection had higher fatal risks. Oseltamivir treatments at early stage would probably reduce mortality.