地震后被转移伤员创伤后应激障碍及心理状况分析

目的 调查地震后被转移伤员创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的发生及其心理健康状况.方法 采用PTSD症状自评和诊断工具及症状自评量表(SCL-90),在地震后40 d对354例被转移伤员的PTSD的发生和心理健康状况进行评估.结果 (1)地震后40 d,有82例(23.2%)伤员发生PTSD,女性55例(55/200,27.5%),男性27例(27/154,17.5%),女性发生率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在不符合PTSD诊断的伤员中,199例(199/249,79.9%)存在再体验症状,164例(164/249,65.9%)存在麻木或回避症状,208例(208/249,83.5%)存在过度唤起症状.(2)PTSD患者的SCL-90总分(209.00±68.78)分、强迫症状因子(2.38±0.61)分、人际关系敏感因子(2.18±0.87)分、抑郁因子(2.50±0.86)分、焦虑因子(2.42±0.90)分、敌对因子(2.47±0.87)分,高于非PTSD患者[(153.08±5.63)分、(1.71±0.64)分、(1.50±0.60)分、(1.71±0.69)分、(1.70±0.76)分、(1.66±0.73)分;P＜0.05,P＜0.01].(3)地震后被转移伤员的SCL-90总分、躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性和其他因子得分高于全国常模组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 地震后部分被转移伤员出现PTSD,相当多的伤员遭受了不同程度的心理影响,应予以长期关注.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the incidence of post traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) and mental status in the transferred wounded after Wenchuan earthquake. Methods At the 40th day after earthquake, 354 wounded were evaluated by the PTSD Symptoms Self Rating Scale, and Symptom Checklist 90 ( SCL-90 ). The diagnosis of PTSD was made according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria. Results After 40 days, 82( 23.2% )suffered PTSD in these wounded, including 55 females( 55/200,27.5% ) and 27 males( 27/154,17. 5% ), the rate in women was significantly higher than that in men. In those non-PTSD wounded, 199patients 199/249,79.9% ) had re-experienced symptoms, 164 patients( 164/249,65.9% ) had numbness/escaping symptoms, 208 patients( 208/249,83.5% ) had excessive arousing symptoms. The SCL-90 total score( 209.00 ±68.78 ), obsession( 2. 38 ± 0. 61 ), human relation sensitivity( 2. 18 ± 0. 87 ), depression ( 2. 50 ±0. 86 ), anxiety( 2.42 ± 0. 90 ) and hostility factor( 2.47 ± 0. 87 ) score of the PTSD were higher than those of the non-PTSD[( 153.08 ± 5.63 ),( 1.71 ± 0. 64 ),( 1. 50 ± 0. 60 ),( 1.71 ± 0. 69 ),( 1.70 ±0. 76 ),( 1.66 ±0. 73 );P ＜0. 05 -0. 01] . The SCL-90 total score and somatization, obsession, depression,anxiety, hostility, phobia, crankiness, psychosis and the other factor score of the wounded were higher than those of the national norm group( P ＜ 0. 05 - 0. 01 ). Conclusion Considerable number of the transferred wounded existed PTSD symptoms in experienced earthquake disaster, they need to be intervened for a long period.     

唐山大地震心理创伤后应激障碍的抽样调查研究

目的 调查唐山大地震心理创伤后应激障碍（ＰＩＳＤ）的患病率,方法 应用自行编制的ＰＩＳＤ调查表和标准化评定工具,对地震时在唐山市区居住且亲身经在地震者１８１３人进行抽样调查。结果 １８１３人中诊断为急性应激反应（ＡＳＲ）３３５例（１８．４８％）延迟性应激障碍（ＤＳＤ）４０２例（２２．１７％）其中现患ＤＳＤ１７例,现患率为０．９４％,结论 大地震后ＡＳＲ和ＤＳＤ的患病率高,个体远期心身健康水平较低。     

地震后半年未愈伤员创伤后应激障碍调查

目的：探讨汶川地震灾后半年,震伤未愈伤者创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的发生率和相关因素。方法：选取成都市某医院地震伤员康复中心未愈伤者58例,采用自制一般情况问卷、心理健康自评问卷、分离性体验量表、PTSD自评量表和特质应对方式问卷进行测评。结果：未愈伤者在地震灾后半年患PTSD者占41.4%;男性伤者中残疾率28.6%和PTSD发生率28.6%明显低于女性伤者的46.7%和53.3%（P〈0.05）。创伤后应激水平与积极应对方式呈正相关（r=0.483,P〈0.01）;和消极应对方式呈负相关（r=-0.449,P〈0.01）。伤者中分离水平极低,遗忘和创伤后应激水平呈正相关（r=0.541,P〈0.01）;残疾、低社会支持和创伤后应激水平显著相关（r=0.642,P〈0.05）。结论：地震灾后半年,震伤未愈伤者PTSD患病率较高,残疾、社会支持差、遗忘水平高、消极的应对方式是震伤未愈者发生PTSD的主要相关因素,应给予充分的药物及心理治疗。     

唐山大地震所致孤儿心理创伤后应激障碍的调查

目的 调查唐山大地震所致孤儿的心理创伤后应激障碍的发生情况。方法 应用中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第２版修订本中的急性应激反应（ＡＳＲ）和心理创伤后应激障碍（ＰＩＳＤ）诊断标准,于１９９８年３月对５７例地震所致孤儿进行诊断,按有无ＰＩＳＤ分为患者和正常组,采用焦虑自评量表（ＳＡＳ）、症状自评量表（ＳＣＬ－９０）、明尼苏达多相个性测查表（ＭＭＰＩ）等进行测评和比较。结果 ５７例中有２７例（４７％）     

癌症与创伤后应激障碍

严重威胁生命的恶性疾病如癌症所导致的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）越来越引起临床医生的重视,国外不少精神科医生致力于与癌症相关PTSD的临床研究,积累了一些经验,本就此做一综述。     

创伤后应激障碍的睡眠障碍

尽管睡眠障碍在精神疾病中非常常见，但他常常被当作精神疾病的二级症状，认为对其主要精神疾病的治疗才是缓解睡眠苦恼的最可行办法。事实上，比如创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的噩梦并不随总症状评分的下降而减少，有时可持续很长时间，而采用针对睡眠紊乱的治疗方案后，超过50％患者的创伤后应激症状可得到有效缓解。现论述PTSD对睡眠的影响，并讨论睡眠紊乱的治疗问题。     

地震现场救援军人吸烟与创伤后应激障碍的相关性

目的:了解吸烟与创伤暴露、创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)之间的关系.方法:共1 125名地震现场救援军人在四川汶川地震6个月后纳入调查.调查工具包括一般人口学资料、Davidson创伤量表(DTS)及烟草依赖情况调查表.结果:实查1 056人,共检出PTSD患者69例,PTSD患病率6.53%.调查发现:①PTSD组吸烟率...     

创伤后应激障碍患者的脑干诱发电位分析

目的：探讨创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）患者的脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）变异特点及其与心身症状的关系。方法：对54例PTSD患者进行BAEP检测和心身症状评定,分析BAEP与心身症状的相关性,并与健康人作比较。结果：PTSD患者Pz脑区Ⅲ、Ⅴ波绝对潜伏期和Ⅰ～Ⅲ波间期均延迟,Ⅲ～Ⅴ波间期缩短,Ⅴ／Ⅰ波波幅比下降;症状自评量表（SCL-90）的总分及其躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑因子分,事件影响量表（IES）的总分及其回避、闯入因子分显著高于对照组;Pz脑区BAEP各波的观察指标与大部分心身症状的相关有显著性意义。结论：BAEP检测为PTSD患者的临床辅助诊断提供了一种敏感、客观的电生理学手段。     

创伤后应激障碍国内研究现状

创伤后应激障碍(Post traumatic stress disorder,PTSD),指在遭遇异乎寻常的威胁或灾难后延迟出现并长期持续的精神障碍。造成这种心灵创伤的应激通常指严重的自然灾害、残酷的战争经历、肉体酷刑或被强奸等。PTSD在《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)》中归在“应激相     

军人创伤后应激障碍的P300及其与心身症状相关性的对照研究

目的探讨军人创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的事件相关电位P300变异特点及其与心身症状的相关性.方法对符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第三版（CCMD-3）中PTSD诊断标准的60例患者（PTSD组）以及56例健康军人（对照组）,使用美国Nicolet Bravo脑电生理仪进行P300检测;应用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和事件影响量表（IES）进行心身症状评定,并分析PTSD组的P300与心身症状的相关性.结果 PTSD组的P300靶潜伏期P3（CZ脑区）与N2（PZ脑区）缩短,靶波幅P3（PZ脑区）升高与非靶波幅P2（CZ脑区）降低,与对照组的差异均有显著性（P＜0.05～0.01）;SCL-90总分及其躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑因子分,IES总分及其回避和闯入因子分均明显高于对照组（P＜0.01=）;PTSD患者的部分心身症状与P300部分潜伏期、波幅显著相关（P＜0.05～0.01）.结论 P300可试作为PTSD辅助诊断的一个脑电生理学标志.     

中国汶川地震现场救援军人创伤后应激障碍及相关因素的调查

Objective To determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its impact factors 6 months after Wenchuan earthquake in a group of military first responders.Method A total of 1125 military first responders serving in the earthquake were screened and enrolled in the study.The social-demographic characteristics, Davidson Trauma Scale ( DTS), earthquake exposure screening scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI- Ⅱ ) were assessed to every first responder 6 months after the earthquake.The PTSD diagnosis was based on both DTS ≥ 40 and DSM-Ⅳ criteria.Results The final analysis was carried out on 1056 first responders.The prevalence of PTSD was 6.53% (69 cases) according to DTS criteria and 5.97% (63 cases) according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria.The univariate analysis revealed that being a single child, dissatisfied with current service, having a history of smoking or drinking, no psycho counseling during traumatic exposure and intensity of traumatic exposure were significantly associated with an increased risk of PTSD.Results from logistic regression indicated that the intensity of traumatic exposure, no psycho counseling during traumatic exposure were significant predictors of PTSD.Being a single child (OR =2.24, 95% CI 0.98 -5.12,P =0.057) was a trend predictor of PTSD.Conclusion The study results support that PTSD is a common mental disorder in military first responders earthquake, it is necessary to strengthen psychological protection and crisis intervention.     

中国汶川地震现场救援军人创伤后应激障碍及相关因素的调查

Objective To determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its impact factors 6 months after Wenchuan earthquake in a group of military first responders.Method A total of 1125 military first responders serving in the earthquake were screened and enrolled in the study.The social-demographic characteristics, Davidson Trauma Scale ( DTS), earthquake exposure screening scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI- Ⅱ ) were assessed to every first responder 6 months after the earthquake.The PTSD diagnosis was based on both DTS ≥ 40 and DSM-Ⅳ criteria.Results The final analysis was carried out on 1056 first responders.The prevalence of PTSD was 6.53% (69 cases) according to DTS criteria and 5.97% (63 cases) according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria.The univariate analysis revealed that being a single child, dissatisfied with current service, having a history of smoking or drinking, no psycho counseling during traumatic exposure and intensity of traumatic exposure were significantly associated with an increased risk of PTSD.Results from logistic regression indicated that the intensity of traumatic exposure, no psycho counseling during traumatic exposure were significant predictors of PTSD.Being a single child (OR =2.24, 95% CI 0.98 -5.12,P =0.057) was a trend predictor of PTSD.Conclusion The study results support that PTSD is a common mental disorder in military first responders earthquake, it is necessary to strengthen psychological protection and crisis intervention.     

中国汶川地震现场救援军人创伤后应激障碍及相关因素的调查

目的 调查抗震救灾一线救援军人任务完成6个月创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的患病率及相关因素.方法 采用目前美国PTSD流行病学调查和诊断工具,按整群分层抽样原则对1125名汶川抗震救灾现场救援军人PTSD的患病率及相关因素进行调查.PTSD诊断采用Davidson创伤量表(DTS)症状发生频率和严重程度总分≥40分标准确定,并使用美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准复查,使用SPSS13.0软件对调查资料和DTS诊断结果进行单因素和Logistic回归分析.结果 实际调查1056人;DTS诊断PTSD 69例,患病率6.53%;DSM-Ⅳ复查符合诊断63例,患病率5.97%;独生子女、服役满意度低、吸烟、创伤暴露阶段未进行心理干预及有饮酒习惯者PTSD患病率显著高于相对应的人群(P＜0.05);地震经历暴露程度高(P＜0.01,OR=6.258)、创伤暴露阶段未进行心理干预(P=0.019,OR=3.106)是抗震救灾现场救援军人PTSD的显著危险因素,而独生子女是PTSD潜在的危险因素(P=0.057,OR=2.235).结论 PTSD是抗震救灾现场军人常见的心理障碍,加强创伤暴露者的心理防护和危机干预十分必要.     

立体定向术对阿片类药物依赖者心理障碍治疗前后的对照研究

目的观察立体定向手术治疗对阿片类药物依赖病人术后近期病理性心理症状的影响。方法选择自愿要求手术的戒毒病人26例,采用90项症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行评估。治疗前后选择自身配对t检验,治疗前后与国内常模比较、治疗后与强制戒毒、冷火鸡脱毒、美沙酮脱毒治疗后比较采用单样本t检验。结果术后73.1%病人总体病理性心理障碍症状完全改善。57.7%病人的躯体不适症状、73.1%病人的强迫症状得到矫治。手术消除了80.8%病人的抑郁症状、69.2%病人的焦虑症状。同时手术也改善了69.2%病人的人际关系、57.7%病人的恐怖、73.1%病人的敌对、61.5%病人的偏执、57.7%病人的精神病和65.4%病人其他不良症状。与常模比较,术前SCL-90各项差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,术后仅躯体症状差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。与强制戒毒组比较,术后SCL-90各项差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与冷火鸡组比较,仅躯体症状差异有统计学意义;与美沙酮组比较,躯体症状、抑郁、焦虑差异有统计学意义。结论手术能够不同程度地矫治阿片类药物依赖病人的病理性心理障碍,且近期疗效好于强制戒毒、冷火鸡和美沙酮疗法。     

汶川地震后广元地区创伤后应激障碍调查

目的了解汶川地震9年后广元地区高二学生创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)阳性检出情况,为进一步分析震后PTSD持续存在的影响因素、对存在PTSD的学生进行心理干预提供参考。方法采用整群抽样方法,选取广元地区地震重灾区和一般灾区的1 492名高二学生为研究对象。采用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD-SS)和社会支持量表(PSSS)调查PTSD发生率和社会支持情况。结果广元地区高二学生PTSD阳性检出率为3.69%,男生和女生PTSD阳性检出率比较差异有统计学意义(2.24%vs. 5.82%,χ~2=12.47,P0.01),重灾区和一般灾区PTSD阳性检出率比较差异有统计学意义(4.89%vs. 2.84%,χ~2=4.27,P0.05);男生和女生PTSD-SS评分比较差异有统计学意义[(12.71±9.01)分vs.(14.02±8.52)分,t=-6.43,P0.01];PTSD阳性者和非阳性者PSSS评分比较差异有统计学意义[(57.52±7.53)分vs.(61.11±8.19)分,t=-5.36,P0.01]。结论汶川地震后9年,广元地区部分高二学生仍存在PTSD症状,创伤暴露程度、性别和社会支持可能与现患PTSD相关。     

待退伍军人心理健康状况及应付方式的调查分析

目的了解待退伍军人的心理健康状况和应付方式,为待退伍军人心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表和应付方式问卷对待退伍军人及现役军人进行调查,分别回收有效问卷100份和105份,并比较待退伍军人、现役军人、中国军人常模的SCL-90及退伍军人与现役军人的应付方式各因子分。结果待退伍军人总体的SCL-90各因子分均低于现役军人及中国军人常模(P<0.05);应付方式问卷中,待退伍军人解决问题、求助因子分高于现役军人(P<0.05),自责、幻想、退避因子分低于现役军人(P<0.05),合理化因子分高于现役军人(P>0.05)。结论待退伍军人心理健康状况优于现役军人及中国军人常模,心理应付方式优于现役军人,多采用成熟应付方式。