具有暴力行为的精神分裂症患者病情缓解阶段事件相关电位N270的变化

目的 初步分析事件相关电位N270在具有暴力行为精神分裂症患者病情缓解阶段中的变化特点.方法 采用颜色匹配和冲突的图片刺激对随机呈现给受试者.应用美国EGI 256导联高密度脑电仪器记录24例具有暴力行为精神分裂症患者(患者组)和25名年龄、性别匹配的健康对照(对照组)在颜色匹配和冲突图片刺激下的事件相关电位,并收集受试者在判断每对刺激的颜色是否匹配时所作出相应按键反应的正确率和反应时.结果 (1)无论在颜色匹配还是颜色冲突时,患者组和对照组正确率的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),患者组的反应时长于对照组[匹配:患者组(774.17±231.25)ms,对照组(642.28±185.56)ms,t=2.206,P=0.032;冲突:患者组(835.35±246.79)ms,对照组(681.19±207.87)ms,t=2.369,P=0.022].患者组和对照组在颜色冲突状态下的反应时均长于颜色匹配状态的反应时(P＜0.05).(2)与对照组相比,患者组在F3、F4、C3、C4、Fz、Cz脑区的N270潜伏期延长(P＜0.05),波幅降低(P＜0.05).(3)与对照组相比,患者组在F3、F4、C3、Fz、Cz脑区的N270差异曲线的波幅降低(P＜0.05),F3、F4、C3、C4、Fz、Cz脑区的潜伏期延长(P＜0.05).结论 具有暴力行为精神分裂症患者在病情缓解阶段对冲突信息的加工过程存在损害,可用N270来监测和评价.     

具有暴力行为的精神分裂症患者病情缓解阶段事件相关电位N270的变化

Objective To explore the cognitive impairments of schizophrenia patients with violence (Sch) in remission and to verify the feasibility of N270 as a clinical examination method to evaluate the cognitive state of schizophrenic patients.Methods Stimulus pairs with identical (match condition) or different (conflict condition) colors were randomly presented to all subjects.Twenty-four Sch patients and twenty-five age-matched normal controls ( NC ) determined if the two stimuli in a pair had the same color while ERPs were recorded from their scalps, using EGI (Electrical Geodesics Inc., Eugene, OR) 256 high density EEG.Results (1) No significant difference on reaction accuracy were found between Sch and NC groups regardless of identical or different colors ( P ＞ 0.05 ), and Sch group showed more delayed reaction time than NC group [identical: Sch(774.17 ± 231.25 ) ms, NC (642.28 ± 185.56 ) ms, t = 2.206, P =0.032; different: Sch(835.35 ±246.79) ms, NC (681.19±207.87) ms, t =2.369, P =0.022].Reaction time under condition of different color was longer than that of identical color in Sch and NC groups (P ＜0.05).(2) Sch group showed more delayed N270 latency and decreased N270 amplitude than NC group (P ＜ 0.05) at F3, F4, C3, C4, Fz, Cz sites.(3) Sch group showed more decreased amplitude of N270 difference wave than NC group at F3, F4, C3,Fz, Cz sites( P ＜0.05), and more delayed latency of N270 difference wave than NC group at F3, F4, C3, C4, Fz, Cz sites ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Schizophrenia patients with violence in remission show cognitive deficits, N270 is probably an effective index to detect the cognitive impairment in schizophrenic patients.     

事件相关电位N400与精神分裂症

作者对２３例服药精神分裂症和２０例未服药精神分裂症及２０例正常受试者，记录事件相关电位Ｎ４００。受试者均接受视觉词意分类作业。结果显示，精神分裂症组Ｎ４００波幅较对照组低，潜伏期延长３０～１００ｍｓ。随病情好转，精神分裂症Ｎ４００波幅逐渐增大，其潜伏期缩短，而未服药组Ｎ４００波波幅更小且形状不规则，潜伏期延长５０～１００ｍｓ，精神分裂症组Ｎ４００潜伏期与阴性症状评定量表得分呈正相关。精神分裂症组Ｎ     

精神分裂症首次发病患者面孔识别事件相关电位研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症首次发病患者面孔识别障碍的特点.方法 采用病例对照研究设计,对性别、年龄、文化程度匹配的精神分裂症首次发病患者组(30例)和对照组(30例),应用Ekman标准表情库中的面孔生成刺激材料,研究2组受试者的面孔不同程度性别识别能力(分低、中、高3等程度的男女识别)和面孔不同程度表情识别能力(分低、中、高3等程度的高兴、厌恶、恐惧情绪的识别),分析面孔性别识别和面孔表情识别的判断正确率、反应时间,并比较各类视觉事件相关电位中的P100、N170、N250、晚正成分P300的波幅和潜伏期.结果 (1)行为学数据:患者组与对照组在性别识别方面的总体正确率和总体反应时间的差异均无统计学意义(F =3.306,P=0.077;F=3.866,P =0.056);患者组与对照组在表情识别方面的总体正确率为(44.5±2.4)％,低于对照组(60.5±2.1)％,差异有统计学意义(F=2.372,P=0.009),2组反应时间的差异无统计学意义(F=3.580,P =0.066).(2)脑电数据:患者组高程度的厌恶情绪和高程度的高兴情绪诱发的N170潜伏期低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(F=3.176,P=0.047);患者组与对照组N250波幅的差异有统计学意义(F =4.516,P=0.015).结论 精神分裂症首次发病患者存在面孔识别能力损害,N170、N250可能是精神分裂症的属性指标.     

精神分裂症患者事件相关电位P300地形图的初步研究

目的观察精神分裂症事件相关电位Ｐ３００地形图的变化。方法使用丹麦ＣｏｎｃｅｒｔｏＴＭ地形图仪对２４例精神分裂症患者及２４例正常成人Ｐ３００分布地形图的变化进行了对照观察。结果正常人的Ｐ３００波形曲线陡峭，分布区匀称，潜伏期均值为３０２．５毫秒；而精神分裂症患者的Ｐ３００具有地形图分布的不对称性，以同心圆方式向外扩展和延伸，潜伏期均值３２７．９毫秒，较正常人延迟２５．４毫秒（ｔ检验，Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论提示精神分裂症Ｐ３００地形图分布有其特点，值得进一步随访观察。     

认知事件相关电位N400与精神分裂症

本文介绍认知事件相关电位N400成分和精神分裂症的N400研究。     

事件相关电位N270在揭示帕金森病患者轻度认知损害中的应用

目的　寻找揭示帕金森病患者轻度认知损害的敏感指标。方法　 30例非痴呆帕金森病患者和 34名年龄匹配的正常对照参与本研究。成对的刺激 (S1和S2 )依次呈现 ,共有两种类型 :(1)S1和S2颜色匹配 ;(2 )S1和S2颜色冲突。受试者比较S1和S2颜色是否相同 ,同时在头皮记录事件相关电位。结果　无论患者组还是对照组 :颜色匹配时 ,S2诱发出P10 0、N15 0、P180、N2 0 0和P30 0 ;冲突时 ,在N2 0 0后P30 0前又出现了另一个负波———N2 70。两组间N15 0的潜伏期以及振幅均无显著性差异。患者组N2 70的峰潜伏期长于对照组 [P3,患者组 (317± 37)ms,对照组 (2 98± 31)ms];振幅低于对照组 [P3,患者组 (- 3 1± 2 5 ) μV ,对照组 (- 4 6± 2 9) μV]。患者组P30 0的峰潜伏期与对照组无显著性差异 ,仅峰振幅低于对照组。结论　非痴呆帕金森病患者存在认知功能损害 ,N2 70在检测这一认知损害时比P30 0更敏感。     

精神分裂症患者事件相关电位研究

目的 :研究以阴性、阳性症状为主的精神分裂症患者的事件相关电位 (ERPs)。　方法 :将 2 2例阴性、 2 7例阳性未服药的精神分裂症患者和 17例正常对照组 ,进行 N1 0 0 、 P2 0 0 、 N2 0 0 、 P30 0 测查。　结果 :阴性组在 Fz,Cz,Pz,T7,T85个点的 P30 0 波幅显著低于和潜伏期明显长于正常对照组 ;阳性组在 Cz,Pz点的 P30 0 波幅低于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。 P30 0 的波幅与潜伏期在两组患者之间差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;阴性患者 N1 0 0 、N2 0 0 的波幅低于正常对照组 ;相关分析发现 ,阴性分量表分与 Fz的 P30 0波幅显著负相关 (r=— 0 .31,P<0 .0 5 ) ,与 T7、 T8点的潜伏期呈显著正相关 (r=0 .33,r=0 .35 ,P<0 .0 5 )。　结论 :以阳性、阴性症状为主的精神分裂症可能有不同的神经生物学基础。     

不同性别精神分裂症患者视觉、听觉诱发电位事件相关电位P300相关性研究

目的 探讨不同性别精神分裂症患者视觉、听觉诱发电位,事件相关电位P300异常的意义。方法 对129例不同性别的精神分裂症患者的视觉诱发电位（PS-VEP）、听觉诱发电位（AEP）、事件相关电位P300与同性别正常人比较。结果 男性和女性精神分裂症患者Cz点AEPP3、P300P3波潜伏期均延迟,女性PS-VEPP3波亦延迟;男性患者组AEPP2、N2波潜伏期延迟,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义。结论 男性精神分裂患者有2项诱发电位P3波潜伏期延迟,女性3项诱发电位P3波潜伏期均延迟,结合临床对精神分裂症诊断有一定的意义。     

Event-related potential N270 correlates of brand extension

The aim of this study is to investigate the neural mechanism of extending a brand in a specific product category to other product categories. Facing two sequential stimuli in pairs consisting of beverage brand names (stimulus 1) and product names (stimulus 2) in other categories, 16 participants were asked to indicate the suitability of extending the brand in stimulus 1 to the product category in stimulus 2. These stimulus pairs were divided into four conditions depending on the product category in stimulus 2: beverage, snack, clothing, and household appliance. A negative component, N270, was recorded for each condition on the participants' scalps,whereas the maximum amplitude was observed at the frontal area. Greater N270 amplitude was observed when participants were presented with stronger conflict between the brand product category (stimulus 1) and the extension category (stimulus 2). It suggests that N270 can be evoked not only by a conflict of physical attributes (different shapes of words of brand and product names) but also by that of lexical content. From the marketing perspective, N270 can be potentially used as a reference measure in brand-extension attempts.     

Event-related potential N270 in detecting cognitive impairment in patients with transient ischemic attack.

Latency and amplitude of the visual P300 and N270 were examined in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and in age-matched healthy control subjects to investigate the feasibility of N270 as a clinical examination method to evaluate the cognitive status of patients with TIA. Stimulus pairs with identical (match condition) or different (conflict condition) colors were randomly presented to subjects. Each pair consisted of two sequential stimuli (S1 and S2) that lasted for 300 ms; the onset interval between them was 700 ms. Thirty TIA patients without clinical dementia and 30 age-matched control subjects determined if the two stimuli in a pair had the same color. Subjects were required to press a button in the match condition and another button in the conflict condition. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from their scalp electrodes at the same time. N270 was evoked by the second stimulus (S2) of the conflict condition in either control subjects or patients. The patient group exhibited a delayed N270 than the control group. TIA patients as a group showed cognitive decline. N270 is an effective index to detect the cognitive impairment of TIA patients.     

Event-related potential N270 and its distribution in adults and school-age children

To compare the pattern and distribution of event-related potential (ERP) N270 in adults and school-age children and to explore the development of conflict processing systems in the human brain, pairs of colored numbers were sequentially presented on a screen to subjects. The subjects were instructed to discriminate whether the color or magnitude of the pairs of numbers were identical (match) or different (conflict), and ERPs were recorded at the same time. In adults, a negative potential peaking at 270ms (N270) was elicited when the second stimulus (S2) conflicted with the first stimulus (S1) in either task relevant or irrelevant conditions. N270 was distributed widely on the scalp in adults. In children, N270 was only elicited by a task-relevant conflict. N270 in the color conflict was distributed bilaterally on the scalp and N270 elicited by the magnitude conflict was found to be on the left central-frontal areas. In school-age children, ERP N270 is elicited under the control of attention. Its distribution on the scalp depends on the attributes of stimulus pairs.     

精神分裂症患者认知异常的事件相关电位研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者失匹配负波（mismatch negativity,MMN）的特征及药物对MMN的影响。方法对31例精神分裂症患者（研究组）和30名健康被试（对照组）行MMN的检测,并比较首发未用药组与已用药组MMN潜伏期、波幅的差异。结果（1）研究组和对照组Fz,Cz,Pz点均可见较明显MMN波形,精神分裂症组波形欠规则。（2）研究组Fz、Cz、Pz点的MMN潜伏期较对照组差异无统计学意义（t=0．74,0．09,0．63;P〉0．05）;三点波幅降低,较对照组比较差异具有统计学意义（t=5．04,5．83,4．47;P〈0．05）。（3）首发未用药病患组12例和已接受药物治疗的病患组19例,在Fz、Cz、Pz点MMN潜伏期、波幅,差异均未见统计学差异（t=0．59,1．17,1．73,1．88,1．12,0．90;P〉0．05）。结论精神分裂症患者认知功能受损,且MMN是一个稳定的素质性指标,不受药物影响。     

有暴力攻击行为的男性青少年脑诱发电位和执行认知功能研究

目的探索男性青少年暴力攻击行为的神经生理学和神经心理学基础。方法以75例有官方暴力型违法乱纪记录的青少年为研究组，以41名某职业高中学生为对照组，对两组测评脑诱发电位[听觉脑干反应（ABR）、体感诱发电位（SEP）和P300]及威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST），并比较两组的异同。结果（1）与对照组相比，研究组ABR波Ⅰ和波Ⅲ潜伏期短，波Ⅴ潜伏期长，波Ⅲ波幅低；P300靶P3波潜伏期长，非靶P2波波幅高；SEP的N2波潜伏期短，P2波波幅高（P〈0．05～0．01）。（2）与对照组比较，研究组WCST总反应数、持续错误数、随机错误数多，击中率（正确反应数／总反应数）低（P〈0．01）。（3）ABR、P300和SEP与WCST的相关分析，ABR波Ⅲ波幅与击中率呈正相关（r=0．22），P瑚波P，潜伏期与击中率呈负相关（r=-0．25）、与持续错误数呈正相关（r=0．24），SEP波P：波幅与正确反应数（r=-0．25）、击中率（r=-0．24）、完成分类（r=-0．25）均呈负相关；均P〈0．05。结论有暴力攻击行为的男性青少年对外周刺激的感觉和认知加工过程异常，执行认知功能降低。     

Intrinsic motivation and metacognition as predictors of learning potential in patients with remitted schizophrenia

BackgroundPrevious research has suggested that neurocognitive functioning predicts best the potential of patients with schizophrenia to acquire newly learned material, which, in turn may impact patients' social functioning. Recent studies have also shown that intrinsic motivation and metacognitive abilities play a decisive role in social functioning in schizophrenia. Accordingly, the present study sought to examine the relationship between intelligence, motivation, metacognition, and learning during a cognitive remediation experimental training. We hypothesized that metacognition and intrinsic motivation would have a strong relationship and independently predict learning potential.MethodThirty-two patients with schizophrenia who fulfilled the criteria of functional remission were recruited. In a pre-training-post experimental design, patients' learning potential was assessed using previously defined cognitive remediation training for WCST. Intrinsic motivation was examined using Intrinsic Motivation Inventory for schizophrenia; mastery, a domain of metacognition, was measured using the Metacognitive Assessment Scale.ResultsMetacognition significantly correlated with subdomains of intrinsic motivation. Patients with higher intrinsic motivation and preserved metacognition improved more in the learning paradigm compared to poorly motivated patients and patients with reduced metacognitive abilities. In particular, “mastery” was determined as an independent predictor of learning potential.ConclusionsMotivation and metacognition are important predictors of learning in schizophrenia. Psychological interventions in schizophrenia may therefore consider incorporating techniques to stimulate metacognitive and motivational abilities as well as developing individualized training programs.     

Event-related potential N270, a negative component to identification of conflicting information following memory retrieval

OBJECTIVE: N270, an endogenous ERP component of conflict effect, was evoked in previous studies with S1-S2 paradigm. The present experiment is designed to confirm the speculation that this conflict-related negativity could also be elicited by stimulus probes having conflict with a memorized item in a visual post-retrieval comparison task. METHODS: A Sternberg probe-matching paradigm was modified in the present study. The stimuli consisted of a memory set of 3 different items (simple figures) and a retrieval set of 3 probe figures. Subjects matched each probe to its corresponding item in the memory set. The tasks were designed with different conflict loads of no-conflict, low-conflict and high-conflict in the probe retrieval test. RESULTS: Probes of no-conflict elicited a major positive going component, P300, with bilateral parietal distribution. Probes of low- and high-conflict evoked N270, while N430 was elicited only in high-conflict condition. N270 was more negative in high-conflict condition than in low-conflict condition. The N270 was right hemispheric prominent in the low-conflict task and remarkably distributed over the right prefrontal areas. On the other hand, both N270 and N430 were distributed bilaterally on the scalp in the high-conflict task. CONCLUSIONS: The present results demonstrate that the N270 is an index to the conflict identification, while the N430 of the high-conflict task reflects the processing for complex conflicts following probe retrieval. These negativities are related to the processing of conflicts.